Objective:To study the effects of Jiaweitaohechengtang on expression of?-SMA protein in hepatic fibrosis rats induced by CCl4.Methods:Hepatic fibrosis models were induced by CCl 4 .All the experimental rats were divided into six groups:normal control group,model control group,colchicine positive treatment group,jiaweitaohechenqitang groups with high- dosage,medium-dosage and low-dosage.Drugs were given to rats for 8 weeks by intragastric administration.Scores of hepatic fibrosis were assessed with semiquantitive scoring system(SSS)through tianlanghong staining.Protein expression levels of ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)were determined with immunohistochemical steining method.Results:SSS in model control group were higher than those in normal control group,but lower than those in three treatment groups with jiaweitaohechengqitang. Compared with nornal control group,the protein expression levels of?-SMA in liver tissues in model control group increased markedly,but decreased when it was compared to jiaweitaohechengqitang groups.There was a significant difference between model control group and three treatment groups.Conclusion:Jiaweitaohechengqitang has therapeutic effects on hepatic fibrosis.The mechanism may be ralated to the inhabitition of the activation of HSC.

Objective To observe the expression of novel URB gene in the differentiation display of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the effects of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and pioglitazone (PIO) on URB mRNA expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at different times. Method The 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with IL-6 and PIO under different concentration and different time phase, and real-time fluorescence monitoring RT-PCR was conducted to measure the URB mRNA level. Fat droplets were verified by oil red O staining. Results 1. URB mRNA level was increased gradually in the whole differentiation process. 2. The expression levels of URB mRNA was decreased along with the treatment of IL-6 in a dose-dependent manner in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes. 3. PIO increased the level of URB mRNA in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and the reducing effect of IL-6 on URB mRNA could be corrected by PIO. Conclusion URB may be an important adipocytokin which affects energy metabolism and may work as a pharmacological gene target in the future.

Objective To investigate the effect of Goserelin in protection of the ovarian function of pre-menopausal breast cancer patients. Methods Eighty premenopausal patients with breast cancer randomly divided equally into study group and control group. The two groups were compared in terms of the menstrual status and the levels of E2,FSH,LH before and after chemotherapy. Results The menstrual recovery rates of the study group and the control group were 90% and 57.5%,respectively ,with statistically significant difference between them (P = 0.018). In the study group,the serum E2 decreased gradually to the postmenopausal level,and the serum levels of FSH and LH were also significantly decreased during the treatment. While in the control group ,the E2 levels gradually decreased ,but the levels of FSH and LH significantly increased during the chemotherapy. Conclusions Goserelin can effectively prevent the injury of ovarian function caused by chemotherapy.

Objective Data from the HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites was used to identify the recent HIV-1 infections and to estimate the HIV-1 incidence and epidemic trends among intravenous drug users (IDU),MSM,female sex workers and men attending the sexually transmitted disease clinics in Sichuan province.Methods Specimens collected from IDUs,MSM,female sex workers and men attending the sexually transmitted disease clinics sentinel sites were confirmed as HIV-I positive and tested with BED-CEIA.Annual HIV-1 prevalence and incidence rates were calculated and the incidence was adjusted by McNermar method.Results A total number of 194 223 serum specimens were collected and HIV antibody tested,with 5 297 HIV-1 positive.4 640 of the positives underwent BED-CEIA,with 749 identified as recent infections.During 2011-2015,HIV-1 incidence rates of the four types of population appeared as 5.16％ (95％CI:4.65-5.66),0.22％ (95％CI:0.16-0.28),0.57％(95％CI:0.45-0.69),7.53％ (95％CI:6.06-9.01) and 0.44％ (95％CI:0.36-0.53) respectively.Significant differences were seen in the HIV-1 incidence rates.Conclusions The HIV-1 incidence rates of IDUs from other sentinel sites in Sichuan province,female sex workers and men attending the sexually transmitted disease clinics appeared low,showing that the AIDS prevention and control activities worked effectively.However,the HIV-1 incidence of MSM was still at high level and even rising,suggesting that HIV-1 transmission between MSM and IDUs was possible.

The safety assessment of nanomaterials in food is essential for safeguarding supervision and maintaining public health. However, there are still no safety assessment procedures for nanomaterials established in national-level in China and no specific toxicology and safety assessment procedures about nanomaterials for food, too. These factors lead to restriction on food safety protection and supervision. Current methods of evaluating the safety of nanomaterials mainly rely on traditional toxicological assessment that are extrapolated based on animal experiment from high doses to low doses and from animals to humans. These uncertainties restrict the accuracy of safety assessment for nanomaterials and also limit the development of scientific and effective evaluation procedures and regulatory measures. Currently, the key issues need to be solved including exposure assessment and evaluation methods of nanomaterials in food and the established methods of the toxicity test for nanomaterials that are consistent with the objectives of toxicity test in the 21st century vision and strategy. In this article, we reviewed current administrative regulatory, situations, and existing issues of food nanomaterials either in China or some developed countries in order to provide a scientific basis in establishing safety assessment procedures for nanomaterials in food in the future.

The assay was used in HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites to identify recent HIV?1 infection, to estimate HIV?1 incidence and understand the epidemic trends among men who have sex with men during 2011-2015.During 2011-2015, the HIV?1 incidence of men who have sex with men was 5.16%(95%CI: 4.65%-5.66%) in Sichuan Province. According to, a total of 9 cities had been divided into two type of regions: the first type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for more than 0.1% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 500 cases and above) and the second type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for 0.03% to 0.100% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 100-500 cases). During 2011-2015, the HIV?1 incidence of the second type was 4.24% (95%CI:3.72%-4.76%). The HIV?1 incidence of men who have sex with men was at a high level. The spread of HIV?1 to the second region was possible.

The assay was used in HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites to identify recent HIV?1 infection, to estimate HIV?1 incidence and understand the epidemic trends among men who have sex with men during 2011-2015.During 2011-2015, the HIV?1 incidence of men who have sex with men was 5.16%(95%CI: 4.65%-5.66%) in Sichuan Province. According to, a total of 9 cities had been divided into two type of regions: the first type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for more than 0.1% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 500 cases and above) and the second type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for 0.03% to 0.100% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 100-500 cases). During 2011-2015, the HIV?1 incidence of the second type was 4.24% (95%CI:3.72%-4.76%). The HIV?1 incidence of men who have sex with men was at a high level. The spread of HIV?1 to the second region was possible.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Rehmanniae Radix iridoid glycosides （RIG） on the kidney tissue of streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetic mice and explore the underlying mechanism. MethodsTwelve of 72 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly selected as the normal group， and the remaining 60 mice were fed with a high-fat diet for six weeks combined with injection of 60 mg·kg^-1 STZ for 4 days to model type 2 diabetes mellitus. The successfully modeled mice were randomized into model， metformin （250 mg·kg^-1）， catalpol （100 mg·kg^-1）， low-dose RIG （RIG-L， 200 mg·kg^-1） and high-dose RIG （RIG-H， 400 mg·kg^-1） groups （n=11）. Mice in each group were administrated with corresponding drugs， while those in the normal group and model group were administrated with the same dose of distilled water by gavage once a day. After 8 weeks of intervention， an oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed， and the area under the curve （AUC） was calculated. After mice were sacrificed， both kidneys were collected. The body weight， kidney weight， and fasting blood glucose （FBG） were measured. Biochemical assays were performed to measure the serum levels of triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， serum creatinine （SCr）， and blood urea nitrogen （BUN）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to determine the serum level of fasting insulin （FINS）， and the insulin sensitivity index （ISI） and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） were calculated. The pathological changes in kidneys of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. The immunohistochemical method （IHC） was employed to assess the expression of interleukin-1 （IL-1）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α（TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， and collagen-3 （ColⅢ） in the kidney tissue. The protein levels of TGF-β₁， cell signal transduction molecule 3 （Smad3）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and ColⅢ in kidneys of mice were determined by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showcased decreased body weight and ISI （P<0.01）， increased kidney weight， FBG， AUC， FINS， HOMA-IR， TC， TG， SCr， and BUN （P<0.01）， glomerular hypertrophy， capsular space narrowing， and collagen deposition in the kidney， up-regulated protein levels of IL-1， IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， ColⅢ， and Smad3 （P<0.01）， and down-regulated protein level of MMP-9 （P<0.01） in the kidney tissue. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups had no significant difference in the body weight and decreased kidney weight （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The FBG level declined in the RIG-H group after treatment for 4-8 weeks and in the metformin， catalpol， and RIG-L groups after treatment for 6-8 weeks （P<0.01）. The AUC in the RIG-L， RIG-H， and metformin groups decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of TC， SCr， and BUN in the serum of mice in each treatment group became lowered （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The level of TG declined in the RIG-L， RIG-H， and metformin groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The serum level of FINS declined in the catalpol， RIG-L， and metformin groups （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups showed decreased HOMA-IR （P<0.01）， increased ISI （P<0.01）， alleviated pathological changes in the kidney tissue， and down-regulated expression of IL-1 and TGF-β₁. In addition， the protein levels of IL-6， TNF-α， and ColⅢ in the RIG-H and metformin groups and IL-6 and TNF-α in the RIG-L group were down-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the protein levels of IL-6， TNF-α， and ColⅢ in the catalpol group and ColⅢ in the RIG-L group showed a decreasing trend without statistical difference. The protein levels of TGF-β₁， Smad3， and ColⅢ in the RIG-H and metformin groups were down-regulated （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the model group， the protein level of MMP-9 was up-regulated in each treatment group （P<0.01）. ConclusionRIG can improve the renal structure and function of diabetic mice by regulating the TGF-β₁/Smads signaling pathway.

The assay was used in HIV/AIDS surveillance sentinel sites to identify recent HIV-1 infection, to estimate HIV-1 incidence and understand the epidemic trends among men who have sex with men during 2011-2015. During 2011-2015, the HIV-1 incidence of men who have sex with men was 5.16%(95%CI: 4.65%-5.66%) in Sichuan Province. According to, a total of 9 cities had been divided into two type of regions: the first type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for more than 0.1% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 500 cases and above) and the second type(the proportion of live HIV/AIDS accounts for 0.03% to 0.100% of the permanent population, and the number of live HIV/AIDS has reached 100-500 cases). During 2011-2015, the HIV-1 incidence of the second type was 4.24% (95%CI: 3.72%-4.76%). The HIV-1 incidence of men who have sex with men was at a high level. The spread of HIV-1 to the second region was possible.