Objective To discuss the types,pathogenesis and treatment of early cardiac arrhyth-mias in infants after open heart surgery with congenital heart diseases. Methods 992 infants after open heart surgeries were divided into control group and arrhythmia group. Another junctionalectopictachycardia ( JET)group was separated from arrhythmia group. Various preoperative and postoperative data were com-pared. Results 197 infants suffered from cardiac arrhythmia within 3 days right after open heart surger-ies. After exactly the same surgery procedures,JET group was significantly different with control group in aortic cross-clamp time,cardiopulmonary bypass time and stay in CICU(p<0. 05). As for time of ventila-tion,no significant difference was found between the two groups. Conclusion Early diagnosis and treat-ment of cardiac arrhythmia can not only improve the success rate of open heart surgery,but also promote early recovery.

Objective To analyse the clinical data of 77 patients with unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma,and to determine the impact of TNM stage and the timing of the second operation on postoperative survival.Methods A retrospectively analysis of 77 patients operated between January 2008 and January 2013 in our hospital for unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma was carried out.The case inclusion criteria was in strict accordance with the medical records which described without preoperative diagnosis,or cholecystectomy for benign gallbladder diseases,or intraoperative or postoperative pathological diagnosis of gallbladder cancer.References to previous published medical literature and the intervals from initial cholecystectomy to further treatment were analyzed to see whether the prognosis and survival varied depending on the TNM staging and whether secondary radical surgery was carried out.Results For the 77 patients in this study,they all had high risk factors associated with gallbladder cancer which included:women,aged ＞ 50 and gallbladder stones.The initial surgery included laparoscopic cholecystectomy (n =53),and open cholecystectomy (n =24).In 26 patients,intraoperative frozen section confirmed the diagnosis and they were treated according to the TNM staging (radical operation n =7,palliative surgery n =17).The postoperative 1-,2-,3-year cumulative survival rates were 65％,45％ and 20％,respectively.For the 54 patients who underwent radical or extended radical cholecystectomy within a short interval from the first operation,the 1-,2-,3-year cumulative survival rates were 82.5％,62.5％ and 45.7％,respectively.Conclusions For resectable gallbladder cancer,the prognosis of unsuspected gallbladder carcinoma was related not only to the clinical staging,but also to the timing of the radical operation.The shorter time interval,the longer the survival,and the better the prognosis.There was no significant difference in prognosis for the group of patients with time intervals between the two operations of less than two weeks when compared with the group with immediate radical surgery.For advanced stages of gallbladder cancer,palliative surgery should be given according to the patient's general condition,aiming to improve quality of life.

ABSTRACT:Nested‐PCR and loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) were applied to identify the Borrelia burg‐dor f eri (B .burgdor f eri) in ticks in this study .A total of 112 adult ixodes were collected from vegetation in a forest area and farm animals in Xunhua County ,Qinghai Province and Xinbin County ,Liaoning Province .The ticks were examined for the presence of B .burgdorferi by nested‐PCR and LAMP .Results showed that 12 in 51 samples were found positive in Xunhua County (23 .53% ) .While positive rate in Xinbin County was 29 .51% with 18 samples positive in 61 samples .In total of 112 tick samples ,the PCR‐positive rate was 17 .86% with 20 positive samples identified ,whereas 15 positive samples were con‐firmed with positive rate of 13 .39 % by LAMP assay .There was no significant difference between the two assays (Х2 =0 .85 , P>0 .05) .Results suggest that both nested‐PCR and LAMP could be used in identifying B .burgdorferi in ticks .Combina‐tion of these two assays could improve the testing results .This is the first report of B .burgdorferi in ticks in Xunhua and Xinbin counties ,and helps to complete the database of the infection rate of B .burgdor f eri in ticks in the widely‐forested area of China .

Objective To investigate the relationship between the acute phase blood glucose and the severity and prognosis of stroke in patients with stroke. Methods One hundred seventy-three consecutive patients with acute stroke were randomly allocated into either a hyperglycemia group (n =72) or a normal group (n = 101) according to whether their random blood glucose levels were > 7.8 mmol/L or not. The average time from stroke onset to admis-sion was 6.5 ± 5.1 hours. The patients were evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Stroke (GCS) scores within 20 minutes after clinical reception, The plasma blood glucose detection and bead CT scan were completed in 40 minutes.The patients with cerebral infarction were classified according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) criteria, and the survivors were evaluated by the modified Rankin scale (mRS) after 3 months. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, gender, vascular risk factors, stroke property and treatment principle. There were significant differences between the NIHSS and GCS at the first admission and the mRS scores at 3 months (P<0.01). The proportion of the patients with the history of diabetic mellitus in the random hyperglycemia group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.01).The random blood glucose levels were not correlated with the severity of stroke between the 2 groups of patients with the history of diabetes mellitus; the increased random blood glucose levels were significantly correlated with the severity and prognosis of stroke between the 2 groups of patients without the history of diabetes mellitus (P<0.01). Conclusions The increased blood glucose in patients with stroke without the history of diabetes mellitus in acute phase is an independent risk factor for the severity and prognosis. The increased random blood glucose in patients with stroke in acute phase may also suggest having the history of diabetes mellitus.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Interferon-tau (IFN-tau) is a newly discovered IFN of type I. It was originally found for its role as a pregnancy recognition hormone in ruminant animals such as sheep and cows. Like the other type I IFNs, IFN-tau have the same biological activities including antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory effects. In order to clearly identify the function of IFN-tau, the coding sequence of IFN-tau was amplified by PCR from IFN-tau cDNA, this fragment digested by EcoR I and BamH I and was inserted into pBV220 to form the recombinant plasmid pBV220/IFN-tau which was then transformed into E.coli BL21. It was found that pBV220/IFN-tau was highly expressed as inclusion body in BL21. Next, the expressed protein was purified on S-100 High Resolution and the purified product was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis. Moreover, the standard antiviral activity test indicated that the activity of IFN-tau was about 2.09?106IU/ml.

Objective:To discuss the role of clinical pharmacists in perioperative drug treatment for a patient after renal transplan-tation. Methods:Clinical pharmacists participated in the drug therapy for a patient after renal transplantation. Pharmaceutical care and health education were performed for the patient in the aspects of immunosuppression, anti-hepatitis B virus, gastric mucosa protection, diarrhea, acute rejection and the other treatment programs. Results:The participation of clinical pharmacists in the clinical treatment for the patient improved therapeutic scheme and promoted therapeutic efficacy. Conclusion:The participation of clinical pharmacists in clinical drug therapy for patients can provide individualized service to improve reasonable, effective and economical drug use.

This study aimed at unfolding the therapeutic effects of freeze-dried powder separated from Shuang Xia decoction (SXD) on female senile drosophila melanogaster with fragmented sleep.Taking drosophilas as the model organisms,the locomotor activity was monitored using the autonomic monitoring software to explore the regulation of fragmented sleep in senile drosophilas by the treatment of SXD.As a result,it was found that the optimum concentration of SXD was 2.50％,while the desirable therapeutic duration was 4 days.In comparison with the control group,35-day-old virgin drosophilas'sleep was prolonged in the SXD group and the positive control group.The positive drug mainly affected their sleep in the daytime,while SXD impacted their sleep at night featuring the prolonged fragmented sleep.In conclusion,it was demonstrated that the freeze-dried powder of SXD effectively alleviated intermittent insomnia in the female senile drosophilas.Compared with positive drug,SXD also mitigated intermittent insomnia at night without significant changes in the sleep of the drosophilas in the daytime.Above all,SXD was beneficial in the regulation of sleep-wake rhythm in the drosophilas.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of the extracts of Nidus Collocaliae on avian influenza A H5N1 virus in vitro. Methods Nidus Collocaliae water extract, artificial gastric juice digestion products of Nidus Collocaliae water extract, and artifitial intestinal juice digestion products of Nidus Collocaliae water extract were prepared for the experimental study. 293T cells transfection in vitro was carried out. The effects of 3 kinds of Nidus Collocaliae extracts on H5N1 pseudovirus and VSV-G pseudovirus were determined by luciferase detection kit. Blood clotting response to erythrocyte hemagglutinin subtypes H5, H7, H9 antigens and the inhibitory effects of 3 kinds of Nidus Collocaliae extracts were observed. The effects of 3 kinds of Nidus Collocaliae extracts on neuraminidase activity were determined by neuraminidase inhibitor screen kit. Results The 3 kinds of Nidus Collocaliae extracts had inhibitory effects on H5N1 avian influenza pseudovirus, the effects being enhanced with the increase of the concentrations of Nidus Collocaliae extracts. Of the 3 extracts, artificial intestinal digestion products had the strongest inhibitory effect, while Nidus Collocaliae water extract had the weakest effect. However, Nidus Collocaliae extracts had no obvious effect on VSV-G pseudovirus. The concentration of H5, H7 antigen for positive blood clotting response was 1 ∶ 128, and that of H9 antigen was 1 ∶ 256. The 3 kinds of Nidus Collocaliae extracts at certain concentrations could inhibit blood clotting response to H5, H7, H9 antigen, but had no obvious effect on neuraminidase. Conclusion The anti-H5N1 virus effect of Nidus Collocaliae extracts has been achieved probably through resisting hemagglutinin.

Objective To summarize and analyse the clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment options of neuroendocrine carcinoma of gallbladder (GB-NEC).Methods The data of 10 patients with GB-NEC treated in our hospital between December 2007 and December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed and compared with the data of 377 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma.Results The 10 patients with GB-NEC accounted for 2.2％ (10/464) of all gallbladder cancers that were treated during the study period.The mean age was 59.0 ± 10.0 years,the ratio of male to female was 1 ∶ 4.All the 10 patients had low-differentiated small cell NEC,four patients were accompanied with an adenocarcinoma.Immunohistochemical examinations showed that the positive rates of CgA,NSE,Syn,EMA were 100％ (10/10),100％ (10/10),88.9％ (8/9) and 87.5％ (7/8),respectively.One,two and seven patients had a TNM grade Ⅱ,ⅣA,and ⅣB,respectively.Seven patients (70.0％) had N2 lymphatic metastases,which was significantly higher than the percentage in patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma (128/377,34.0％ ; P ＜ 0.05).Two patients were treated with radical resection,while the other 8 patients were treated with palliative surgery.The 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates of the patients with GB-NEC were 20.0％,10.0％,and 0,respectively.The median survival time was 92 days.In contrast,the 1-,2-,3-,and 5-year survival rates of the 377 patients with gallbladder adenocarcinoma were 32.7％,25.4％,21.3％,and 11.7％ respectively,and the median survival time was 180 days.Condusions GB-NEC was found mainly in aged females.The clinical presentations were mainly non-specific,and immunohistochemical examinations were needed for a definite diagnosis.GB-NEC is highly malignant,and local invasion and lymphatic metastasis could occur early.The short-term recurrence rate was very high.The prognosis of GB-NEC was poorer than gallbladder adenocarcinoma,while surgical resection combined with radiotherapy,chemotherapy and TACE increased the survival of these patients.