Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract.Most patients are diagnosed at the advanced stage,missing the optimal chance for curative surgery,thus leading to the fact that GBC is usually associated with poor prognosis.It is very crucial to strengthen the basic research on GBC,which may further improve the diagnosis and treatment.The research updates on the related genes in the initiation and progression,molecular mechanism of lymphatic metastasis,and tumor microenvironment of GBC in recent years were reviewed in this paper.

Objective To investigate the role of astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the development of neuropathic pain (NP) in rats. Methods Forty-eight adult male SD rats weighing 200-230 g were randomly divided into 8 groups (n =6 each): Ⅰ control group (group C);Ⅱ sham operation group (group S);group ⅢNP;Ⅳ-Ⅶ 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L methionine sulfoximine (MSO, an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS)) group (group M1-4 );Ⅷ MSO + glutaminate group (group MG). In group C no operation was performed. In group S the sciatic nerve was only exposed but not ligated. NP was induced by ligation of the tibial nerve and commom peroneal nerve according to the technique described by Dixon. After the establishment of the model, intrathecal PBS 50 μl was injected in group NP, IT 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.10 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally in group M1-4, and 0.05 mmol/L MSO 50 μl was injected intrathecally and then 0.25 mmol/L glutamine 50 μl was injected intrathecally 15 min later in group MG. Mechanical pain threshold was measured 1 week before ligation (T0 , baseline), 1 week after ligation (T1) and 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after injection of MSO (T2-5). Then rats were killed and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and GS and the co-expression (GFAP/GS) in the dorsal horn.Results Mechanical pain threshold was significantly lower at T1-5 in group MG and NP and at T2-4 in group M3.4 ,and the expression of GFAP, GS and GFAP/GS was significantly higher in group MG,NP and M3 than in group S and C ( P ＜ 0.05) .Conclusion Astroglial glutamate-glutamine shuttle in the spinal cord is involved in the development of neuropathic pain in rats.

Objective To study the feasibility of endometrial sampling device as a sampling tool during the follow-up visit for endometrial cancer patients undergone conservative treatment.Methods Before the hysteroscopy examination,endometrial sampling device was used to take the endometrium specimens 43times in 19 patients who had been diagnosed as endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia,and were undergone conservative treatment during May 2012 to Mar.2013.All cases accepted vaginal ultrasound screening before every sampling by endometrial sampling device.The histological results were compared with those done by hysteroscopy.Results The average age of those patients was (30 ± 6) years old.The mean thickness of the endometrium during the treatment was (0.81 ± 0.65) cm.The qualified rate for the sampling was 95％ (41/43).Compared with the specimens undergone by hysteroscopy direct sampling,32samples got by the endometrial sampling device with thicker endometrium (0.93 ± 0.70) cm had the same histological results,while the other 9 patients with thinner endometrium (0.40 ± 0.14) cm were not (P =0.031).Conclusion The endometrial sampling device could be used during the follow-up visit for the conservative treatment patients with endometrial cancer or atypical hyperplasia,the vaginal ultrasound screening should be used together to figure out those with thinner endometrium.

Objective To investigate the effect of activation of NF-κB signaling pathway on pathogenesis of lung in diabetes mellitus(DM) rat. Methods The experimental type 2 diabetic rats were built by injecting streptozotocin (STZ) and feeding with high fat and glucose food. At the 12nd and 24th week, we observed the alteration of morphology in the lung of rats in the control group(20 rats) ,the DM group(30 rats)using spectroscopic analysis. The collagen accumulation of lung was observed by masson trihrome staining, and alteration of NF-κB P65, IκBα, and PKC in lung was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The tissue structure of lung in the DM rats distributed deranged in the light microscope, alveolar wall were thicken, extracellular matrixes increased and pulmonary fibrosis appeared. With the development of pathogenic condition, the expression increased obviously. The staining optical density value of NF-κB P65 in tissue of lung in the 12 w and 24 w DM group were 0. 20 ± 0. 01 and 0. 35 ± 0. 06 respectively, which was significantly higher than those of the control group at the corresponding time point ( 0. 12 ± 0. 02 and 0. 17 ± 0. 03, respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 0l ). The staining optical density value of IκB in tissue of lung in the 12 w and 24 w DM group were 0. 29 ±0. 02 and 0. 36 ± 0. 03, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control at the corresponding time point (0. 08 ± 0. 02 and 0. 22 ± 0. 08, respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The signaling pathway of NF-κB/IκB participate in the occurrence and development in the pathogenesis of lung in DM, and may be one of the mechanisms of lung injury.

Objective:To explore the correlation among childhood trauma, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and implicit and explicit memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD).Methods:Fifty-two OCD patients were enrolled, and the childhood trauma was investigated by using the childhood trauma questionnaire short-form(CTQ-SF). The degree of obsessive-compulsive symptoms was assessed by using the Yale-Brown obsessive symptoms scale (Y-BOCS). In addition, the abilities of implicit memory and explicit memory were tested by vocabulary perception speed tasks and vocabulary recognition tasks.According to the scores of CTQ-SF, the patients were divided into abuse group( n=26) and neglect group( n=26). SPSS 22.0 software was used for t-test and Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Results of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, implicit memory, and explicit memory showed no differences between the abuse group and the neglect group( t=-1.959-1.839, P>0.05). The scores of obsessions symptoms(12.52±4.61) were positively correlated with the total scores of CTQ-SF (40.10±10.20)( r=0.331, P<0.05). On the subscale, the scores of obsessions were positively correlated with the scores of physical abuse(7.89±3.02), sexual abuse(6.47±2.28)( r=0.373, P<0.01, r=0.356, P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between the scores of physical abuse and the accuracy of explicit memory(68.75±13.33)( r=-0.281, P<0.05). The scores of physical neglect(8.98±2.67) was positively correlated with implicit memory response time(4 285.94±2 067.42)( r=0.314, P<0.05). Conclusion:Obsessions in patients with OCD are related to traumatic childhood experiences, especially physical abuse and sexual abuse.Physical trauma may influence the level of implicit and explicit memory in patients with OCD.

Objective To detect miR-181d expression levels in colon cancer cell lines,and to study the functions of miR-181d on colon cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis.Methods RT qPCR was employed to study miR-181d cxpression levels in colon cancer cell line HCT116,HT29,LoVo,SW480 and SW620 cells,as well as in colon normal epithelial cell line HIEC.miR-181d mimic and control were transfected into LoVo cells while miR-181d inhibitor and control were transfected into SW620 cells.qRT-PCR was performed to validate the transfection efficiency.MTT assay was performed to measure cell proliferation while flow cytometry was performed to detect cell cycle and apoptosis rate.Results miR-181d was universally downregulated in all colon cancer cell lines compared to the colon normal epithelial cell line HIEC (F=29.34,P＜0.01).Overexpression of miR-181d in LoVo cells significantly decreased in vitro cell proliferation rate (F=5.403,P＜0.01).Flow cytometry indicated that cells at S phase were greatly decreased (t=4.71,P＜0.05) and apoptotic cells were gready increased compared to the control cells (t=3.47,P＜0.05).On the contrary,inhibition of miR-181d in SW620 cells significantly promoted cell proliferation (F=20.82,P＜0.01).Cell cycle was accelerated with significant increase in S phase compared to the control cells (t=2.92,P＜0.05),whereas apoptosis rano was significantly decreased (t=4.14,P＜0.05).Conclusion miR-181d was universally downregulated in colon cancer cell lines compared to the normal epithelial cell line.miR-181d inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis,thus functions as an tumor suppressive miRNA.

OBJECTIVE:To demonstrate challenges of pharmacy automation reconstruction so as to set solutions. METHODS:Based on literature review,analysis of pharmacy automation setting and features,this paper gave the suggestions and solutions on construction cost,management model change,equipment maintenance and emergency response,etc. according to the practice of the hospital. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Pharmacy automation construction should be stick to the requirements of new health re-form to lower the cost by using the out resources and interior optimal allocation,to improve efficiency by unified planning and proper design,and to ensure the system running efficiently by sufficient maintenance and contingency plan.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CD147,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in human gliomas and analyze the correlations.Methods Expressions of CD147,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were assessed in paraffin-embedded specimens collected from 78 gliomas and 12 benign brain lesion tissues by immunohistochemistry.Real time PCR was performed to detect CD147 mRNA expression.Results The positive rates of CD147,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 expression were 62%(48/78),71%(55/78),59%(46/78) respectively.We found a significant positive correlation between CD147,MMP-9,TIMP-1 expressions and poor gliomas differentiation by Spearman analysis(rs=0.2671-0.5631,Ps＜0.01).There was also a significant positive correlation between CD147 and MMP-9 expression(rs =0.3576,P＜0.01).In addition,the expressions of CD147(47% vs.80%,x2=9.510),MMP-9(56% vs.89%,x2=10.702),and TIMP-1(49% vs.71%,x2=4.138) were significantly higher in advanced gilomas than early gliomas(Ps＜0.05).The relative expression levels of CD147 mRNA in gliomas of Ⅰ to Ⅳ pathological grades were 0.15,0.27,0.46,0.78 respectively.Conclusion The expressions of CD147,MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were important characteristic of gliomas,which may serve as biomarkers in the glioma prognostic prediction.

Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of ultrasonography guidance percutaneous nephrolithot-omyⅠ period combining pneumatic ultrasosonic and holmium laser lithotrips of complex renal calculi.Methods Patients were under the general anesthesia in lithotomy position.By cystoscope first to one side retrograde insertion F5 ureteral catheter,the position to prone position was changed.Under ultrasonography guidance puncture target after the success of the calyx,fascia dilator gradually expanded from F8 to F20 channel was established.Then percutaneous nephroscope combining pneumatic ultrasosonic and holmium laser lithotripsy were administrated.Results One sided single channel was 92 cases,one sided dual channel was 11 cases,one sided three -channel was 1 case.On both sides single channel was 13 cases,one side of the dual channel and other side of the single channel was 3 cases.The operation time was (72 ±24)min.Intraoperative bleeding was in 50 -150mL,with an average of 80mL,and there's no intraoper-ative blood transfusion.2 cases of postoperative had secondary bleeding,in which 1 case remitted after non -operative treatment,the other case was treated in DSA downward super selective renal artery embolization to stop the bleeding. Postoperative hospital stay was 7 -14d,with an average of 10d.There were no septic shock,water uptake,water intoxi-cationand complications such as pleural effusion.One week after the CT,stones free rate was 91.7%(110 /120),in which 10 cases of residual stone with diameter <5mm,needn't surgery removed again.They were treated with oral platoon stone drugs,drinking lots of water and a moderate amount of sports such as processing.All cases were followed up for 6 months to 18 months,with no urinary tract infection,stone recurrence and the long -term complications such as perinephric space effusion.Conclusion As long as establish proper percutaneous renal channel,with intraoperative operating norms,combining pneumatic ultrasosonic and holmium laser,ultrasonography guidance percutaneous nephro-lithotomy Ⅰ period clear renal calculi is completely can be done.And it can shorten operation time,and has clear renal calculi with high efficiency,small trauma and less long -term complications.It is safe and effective,and worthy of clinical popularization and application.