Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male

Objective To determine the content of aconitine-type alkaloids in Bitongxiao Ointment,and to control the limits of aconitine-type alkaloids in the ointment.Methods Acid-dye colorimetry was employed and methodology was examined for linear range,average recovery,precision,exclusivity and stability.Results The method has a good precision and stability.The linear range of aconitine-type alkaloids was in 0.111 9～0.714 mg(r=0.999 3),and the average recovery was 97.4 %.Conclusion The method is accurate,reliable,simple,can be used to determine the content of aconitine-type alkaloids in Bitongxiao Ointment.

Objective To determine the effects of non-thermal biological effect of low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (LFPEF) with 15 Hz and 30 mT on ulcer wound during the plateau stress ulcer cure.Methods Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three equal groups:control,normal cure group (NC) and exposure treatment groups (ET).The plateau rats stress ulcer models were constructed with the combination method of a hypoxic and low-pressure acclimation and the stimulation of absolute ethyl alcohol irrigating stomach.The LFPEF equipment generated the LFPEF of 15 Hz,40％ duty cycle and 30 mT to expose and treat the rats' stomach of ET group with the frequency of 3 hours each day.After 6 days of exposure treatment,the stress ulcer cure situation of each group was evaluated by the methods of macroscopic observation,the gastric juice pH values detection and ulcer index (UI) measurement.Results After 6 days of model,the macroscopic observation showed that the ulcer of NC group was worse than the that of ET group (P＜0.05).The pH values and UI of ET group were significantly different with those of NC group,and closed to those of the control group.Conclusion The nonthermal biological effect of LFPEF could promote the plateau stress ulcer cure.

Objective To report our self-designed guide module for placement of posterior column lag screws in anterior-posterior column acetabular plate using CT reconstruction data.Methods The CT scan data of 50 normal adult pelves were collected from February 2012 to April 2013,involving 30 males and 20 females with an average age of 46.4 years(range,from 25 to 69 years).The data were imported into Mimics 10.01 software for reconstruction of semi-pelvic models.Virtual cylindrical implants were placed intraosseously in both the left and the right posterior columns.The perpendicular distance (OP) from the insertion point O of the virtual cylindrical implant to the arcuate margin (P) and the distance (PI) from the point P to the point I,the crosspoint of the extension line of the ischial ramus and the arcuate margin were measured respectively.The angle (∠φ) between the direction of screws and the plane of guide module and the angle (∠θ) between the direction of screws and the long axis of guide module were also measured respectively.Results The average length of PI was 0.98 ± 0.13 cm,with 1.08 ± 0.22 cm in females and 0.95 ± 0.27 cm in males.The difference between genders was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The average length of OP was 1.09 ± 0.26 cm,with 1.06 ± 0.29 cm in females and 1.12 ± 0.24 cm in males.The gender difference was not statistically significant either (P ＞ 0.05).The mean value of ∠ φ was 55.43° ± 3.64°,with 55.33° ± 4.00° in females and 55.50° ±3.43° in males.The difference between genders was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The ∠θ value in females was 39.21 ° ± 2.45° and 35.58° ± 2.31 ° in males.The gender difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In design of the guide module,the nail holes should be located about 1 cm away from both the posterior edge and the medial edge,the angle between the screw direction and the module plane should be approximately 39° in females and 35° in males,and the angle between the screw direction and the long axis of the module approximately 55°.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Female ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Objective To determine the difference in blood microcirculation recovery between normal frostbite and high-altitude frostbite during the wound healing.Methods Twenty four male rats were randomly divided into control group (n=8), normal frostbite group (n=8), and high-altitude group (n=8). The normal frostbite group rats were frozen to produce mid-degree frostbite models by controlling the freezing time with liquid nitrogen penetration equipment. The high-altitude frostbite group rats were acclimated to a hypoxic and low-pressure environment for 1 week, and then the high-altitude frostbite models were constructed by the same way with liquid nitrogen penetration apparatus. On days 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23 after modeling, the recovery situation of blood circulation of each group was observed with contrast ultrasonography by injecting SonoVue micro-bubble into rats' tail. Finally, the micro-bubble concentration (MC) was calculated to confirm the blood circulation recovery with software Image Pro. ResultsAt different time points, the wound area of the high-altitude frostbite group was bigger than that of the normal frostbite group, and the MC of control group was always about (27±0.2)×109/ml. On day 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 23, the MC was significantly lower in the high-altitude frostbite group than in the control group and normal frostbite group (P<0.05). The MC of normal frostbite group was significantly lower than that of the control group on day 3, 7, 11, 15 and 19 (P<0.05). In addition, no obvious difference in MC was found between normal group and control group on the 23th day (P<0.05).Conclusion The blood microcirculation recovery after high-altitude frostbite is significantly slower than the normal frostbite.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relation of the anogenital distance (AGD) with cryptorchidism in male newborns.

METHODSThis study included 350 male infants delivered in two community hospitals between September 2013 and September 2014. Within 24 hours after birth, a pediatric surgeon measured the AGD of the neonates and determined whether they had cryptorchidism. According to the testicular position, we divided the undescended testes into three types: upper scrotal, inguinal, and non-palpable.

RESULTSTotally 39 cases of cryptorchidism were found in the 350 newborns. The AGD of the cryptorchidism infants was significantly shorter than that of the normal neonates ([2.01 ± 0.22] vs [2.35 ± 0.19] cm, P < 0.01), and statistically significant differences remained even when preterm and low birth-weight infants were excluded ([2.32 ± 0.14] vs [2.06 ± 0.19] cm; (2.37 ± 0.17) cm vs (2.12 ± 0.12) cm, all P < 0.01). The newborns with higher-position cryptorchidism had a shorter AGD, though with no significant difference (F = 0.434, P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the AGD between unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism ([1.96 ± 0.13] vs [2.02 ± 0.17] cm, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONShorter AGD is associated with a higher incidence of cryptorchidism in male newborns. AGD could serve as a potential biomarker for disruption of androgen action during the male programming window period.

Androgens ; physiology ; Cryptorchidism ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Male ; Perineum ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of CKJ Recipe (consisting of Cordyceps sinensis polysaccharide, amygdaloside, and gypenosides) containing serum on the activation of rat primary hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) and to explore its pharmacological mechanism.

METHODSrHSCs were isolated form liver and cultured for four days. Then they were divided into the normal control group, the model group, and the CKJ group. rHSCs in the model group and the CKJ group were treated with 2.5 ng/mL transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) in serum-free DMEM for 24 h. Serum free DMEM (containing no TGF-beta1) was taken as the control for the normal control group. rHSCs in the CKJ group were treated with 5% CKJ-containing serum for 24 h. rHSCs in the other two groups were treated with 5% blank serum for 24 h.The protein expression level of a smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) was determined using high throughput screening (HCS) and Western blot. mRNA expression levels of alpha-SMA, collagen I (Col-I), platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGF-betaR), TGF-beta1, transforming growth factor beta receptor 1 (TGF-betaR1), and transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGF-beta R2) were detected using quantitative RT-PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the protein expression level of alpha-SMA, mRNA expression levels of alpha-SMA, Col-I, PDGF-betaR, TGF-beta1, TGF-betaR1, and TGF-betaR2 significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the protein expression level of alpha-SMA, mRNA expression levels of alpha-SMA, Col-I, PDGF-betaR, TGF-beta1, TGF-beta1, and TGF-beta R2 significantly decreased in the CKJ group (P<0.05, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONCKJ containing serum could inhibit the protein expression level of o-SMA, which was probably related with inhibiting TGF-beta1 and its related receptors.

Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; metabolism ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEEstablish the three-dimensional finite element models of mandibular bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) with rigid internal fixation (RIF), for further study of BSSRO.

METHODSCT scanned technology and the finite element software (ANSYS) were used to establish the original three-dimensional model of mandible, modify the model to animate the BSSRO, then establish the model of RIF, last mesh the model to establish the finite element model of BSSRO with RIF. Apply 100 N occlusion force at the central incisor; calculate the stress distribution of the mandible and the RIF.

RESULTSThree-dimensional finite element models of BSSRO with RIF were established, such as miniplate model, bicortical fixation screw model. When biting with the incisor and fixed with upper plate, the stress of the medial screw position of the distal and medial segment of mandible is high. When fixed with bicortical fixation screw, the highest stress position located at the internal surface of the medial screw' s position of the distal segment of mandible.

CONCLUSIONSThe mentioned methods proved feasible in establishing the finite element models of BSSRO with RIF . The models can be applied to the study of BSSRO with RIF.

Finite Element Analysis ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mandible ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Models, Anatomic ; Osteotomy ; methods ; Tomography, Spiral Computed

OBJECTIVETo study the biomechanical characteristic of maxillary Le fort- I osteotomy with rigid internal fixation (RIF) , so as to choose best fixation method.

METHODSThe 3-dimensional finite element models of maxillary Le Fort-I osteotomy with 9 kinds of RIF methods were established. Then the models were divided into three groups to calculate the stress distribution of the maxilla and the displacement of bone segment under 3 kinds of occlusion condition. The fixation stability of the different RIF methods was evaluated.

RESULTSUnder the incisor occlusion condition, the stress of the cranio maxillary complex transmits mainly along the nasal-maxillary buttress. Under the premolar and molar occlusion condition, the stress transmits along the alveolar process first, then turns to the nasal-maxillary and zygomatic-maxillary buttress. The focused stress position of the internal fixation system is at the connection between the screws and the plate and at the plate near the osteotomy line. Under the premolar occlusion condition, the displacement of bone segment with different RIF methods was (in a decreasing order) 0.396509 mm (with bio-absorbable plate), 0.148393 mm (with micro-plate ), 0.078436 mm (with mini-plate) in group 1; 0.188791 mm (fixing at the nasal-maxillary buttress), 0.121718 mm (fixing at the zygomatic-maxillary buttress), 0.078436 mm (fixing at the both buttress) in group 2; 0.091023 mm (with straight plate), 0.078436 mm (with L shape plate), 0.072450 mm (with Y shape plate), 0.065617 mm (with T shape plate) in group 3.

CONCLUSIONSThe fixation stability of using the bio-absorbable plate in Le Fort-I osteotomy is less stable than using the titanium plate. Fixing at the zygomatic-maxillary buttress is more stable than at the naso-maxillary buttress. The fixation stability is different by using different shapes of plates.

Bone Plates ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Maxilla ; surgery ; Osteotomy, Le Fort ; methods