Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Facial Injuries ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Injuries ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Wounds, Penetrating ; therapy ; Young Adult

Objective To compare distribution difference in risk factors of patients with first-ever ischemic stroke (IS) of different age and gender.Methods A total of 1027 patients admitted to the neurological department in Shanghai Renji Hospital with first-ever IS were recruited and divided into young adult group ( ＜ 50 years old),middle-aged group (50-80 years old),and very old group ( ＞ 80 years old)according to their ages.Risk factor analysis included history of smoking,high alcohol consumption,hypertension (HT),diabetes mellitus (DM),heart diseases,atrial fibrillation (AF) and family history of cardiovascular diseases.Results Female patients were globally older than male patients (71.1 vs 65.7,P ＜ 0.001 ) at the first attack of IS and having higher prevalence of DM (26.8％ vs 19.2％,P =0.004 ),heart diseases (28.8％ vs 19.2％,P＜0.001) and AF (7.6％ vs 3.9％,P=0.009).However,female patients were less likely to drink heavily ( 1.0％ vs 31.6％,P ＜0.001 ) or smoke (4.4％ vs 59.9％,P ＜0.001 ) than the male patients.The rates of smoking and heavy drinking in young adult group were higher than that in other two groups.Patients in very old group had higher prevalence of heart diseases and AF but lower proportion of positive family cardiovascular diseases history than patients in other two groups.HT and DM were equally frequent among three groups.In young adult group,female patients were more likely to have heart diseases and family history of heart diseases (P =0.015 and P =0.048).In middle-old group,HT,DM,heart disease and AF were more common in women than in men (P =0.021,P =0.004,P =0.001 and P =0.039).Conclusion There are differences in risk factor distribution in patients with first-ever IS of different age and gender.Therefore,screening and health education should be performed in allusion to different risk factors.

Objective To observe the influence of fluoride and aluminum on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) in rat articular chondrocytes. Methods Original generation chondrocytes of rats was cultured and divided into fluoride group, aluminum group, fluoride plus aluminum group and control group. NaF and A1C13 at concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L were administered to intoxicate the cells for 24, 48, 72 h respectively. Cells were extracted to undergo reverse transcription the polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) at different times to observe mRNA expression of MMP-13, and protein expression was detected by Western-blot. Results In 24 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group(0.830±0.043), aluminum group(1.279±0.060) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.983±0.028) was higher than that in the control group(0.707±0.026, P<0.05), and relative expression of MMP-13 mRNA in aluminum group was the highest. In 48 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group (0.964±0.180), aluminum group (1.333±0.105) and fluoride plus aluminum group (0.915±0.137) was higher than that in the control group(0.660±0.055, P<0.05), and the relative expression in aluminum group was the highest. In 72 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group(0.866±0.115), aluminum group(0.846±0.089) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.967±0.196) had no statistical significance(P>0.05) compared with the control group(0.809±0.179). In 24 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(1.050±0.084), aluminum group(1.010±0.113) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.977±0.202) had no statistical significance(P>0.05) compared with the control group(0.860±0.038). In 48 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(0.671±0.020), aluminum group(1.134±0.094) and fluoride plus aluminum group (0.923±0.087) was higher than that in the control group (0.647±0.025, P<0.05), but no significant difference being observed between groups (P>0.05). In 72 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(0.672±0.022), aluminum group(1.088±0.072) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.772±0.030) was higher than that in the control group(0.577±0.026, P<0.05). It was the highest in the aluminum group, the intra-group difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusions Fluoride and aluminum damage chondrocytes to some extent, toxicity of aluminum itself is greater than fluoride and fluoride plus aluminum. Abnormal expression of MMP-13 can be observed in the chondrocyte damage process induced by fluoride and aluminum.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; methods ; Auditory Cortex ; physiopathology ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; diagnosis ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Young Adult

Objective To respectively analyze the patterns and possible predictors of recurrent strokes among patients with initial ischemic stroke.Methods Three hundred and sixty-one patients with recurrent strokes (acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage) after initial ischemic strokes were collected from Jan 2004 to Dec 2009.The data about conventional risk factors such as smoking,heavy alcohol drinking,hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia,heart diseases,head trauma,migraine,family history of cardiovascular disease,and the use of preventive medications were collected and analyzed among patients with different types of recurrent strokes.Results Patients (n =361) were divided into ischemic stroke group (n =321) and hemorrhagic stroke group (n =40) according to the recurrent stroke type.The ischemic stroke group was further divided into the anterior circulation stroke subgroup (n =234),the posterior circulation stroke subgroup (n =75) and watershed cerebral infarction or multiple infarction subgroup (n =12).Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that older age at initial stroke onset (OR =1.036,95 ％ CI 1.006-1.067,P =0.02) and hyperlipidemia (OR =2.253,95 ％ CI 1.092-4.647,P =0.028) were both the independent risk factors for the recurrent ischemic stroke.Comparing the subgroups,multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that atrial fibrillation (OR =4.217,95％ CI 1.489-11.942,P =0.007) was the independent risk factor for the recurrent ischemic stroke in the posterior circulation territory.Conclusion Aging and hyperlipidemia are possible predictors of recurrent ischemic stroke after the initial ischemic stroke which would be useful for individualized secondary prevention of stroke.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of crocin on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis using the monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Methods The monocyte-macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was cultured routinely.After treatment with 0,6.25,12.5,25, 50,100,200 and 400 μmol/L crocin,cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to analyze the viability of RAW264.7 cells to screen out the appropriate experimental concentration. RAW264.7 cells were induced by RANKL (100 ng/L) to form osteoclasts. After treated with 0, 12.5, 50 and 100 μmol/L crocin respectively, the number of osteolasts was counted by tatrate resistant acid phosphatasec (TRAP) staining. Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of calcitonin receptor(CTR),nuclear factor of active T cells 1(NFATC1),C-fos and TRAP.Results No significant effects of crocin (within 0-100 μmol/L) were found on the viability of RAW264.7 cells (P>0.05). However, When crocin concentration was over 100 μmol/L,the cell proliferation was decreased,and which showed a significant inhibitory effect on proliferation (P<0.05). Thus, 0-100 μmol/L crocin was selected as the experiment concentration. The amount of differentiated osteolasts and the expression levels of CTR,NFATC1,C-fos and TRAP mRNA were decreased significantly with the increased concentrations of crocin(P<0.05).Conclusion At a certain concentration(0-100 μmol/L),the higher levels of crocin could inhibit RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Female ; Glucosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Transfection

Aim To investigate the effect and mecha-nism of quercetin combined with cisplatin on prolifera-tion and apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cell line MG-63 . Methods MG-63 cells were treated with quercetin alone or combined with cisplatin. Cellular morphologic changes were observed under inverted phase contrast microscope. The effects of proliferation inhibition were assayed by CCK-8 method. The combination effect was judged through Chou-Talaly analysis. The apoptosis ra-tios of cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The gene expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected by RT-PCR assay. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was measured by Western blot assay. Re-sults Quercetin alone or combined with cisplatin could inhibit the proliferation, but induce the apoptosis of MG-63 cells. Combination of quercetin and cisplatin revealed a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis as it reduced the expression of Bcl-2 but en-hanced that of caspase-3 at both gene and protein lev-els. Conclusion Synergistic effect of quercetin com-bined with cisplatin on cell proliferation and apoptosis of MG-63 cells is possibly due to reduction of Bcl-2 and enhancement of caspase-3 expression.

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of metal plate on radiation dose distribution by Monte Carlo (MC) code. MethodsThe metal plates with 0. 4 thick were placed in water at 5 cm, all the plate irradiated with 6 MV X-ray were simulated by MC code, SSD =100 cm. The percentage depth dose with or without metal implants were compared. ResultsThe surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were increased by 19. 6％ and 15.7％ respectively as compared water,the dose influence was less than 1.5％ more than 0. 3 cm outside the incidence plane. The doses on the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate were lowered by 8. 6％ and 8. 2％ when compared with water, the dose impacts of this places where were from the exit surface of stainless steel plate 、titanium plate more than 1.2 cm,0. 9 cm were less than 1.5％. The surface absorbed doses on incident plane of stainless steel plate were increased by 3.9％ respectively as titanium plate, the dose of the exit surface of stainless steel plate and titanium plate was similar. Conclusions MC method is a fast and accurate calculation method. The influence of metal plate on the radiotherapy dose distribution is significant. Under the such condition, the impact of stainless steel plate is much more than that of titanium alloy plate.

Objective Docetaxel is commonly used in chemotherapy for patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) in the salivary gland after operation,but it cannot kill all residual tumor cells and prevent recurrence.Cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be responsible for tumor recurrence and drug resistance.Based on the theory of CSCs,the authors investigated the effects of docetaxel on cancer stem cell-like cells in the MEC cell line MC3.Methods MC3 cells in the logarithmic growth phase were divided into a negative control and a docetaxel (40 ng/mL) group.The colony formation rate of the MC3 cells was calculated with the soft agar cloning technique,the growth of the cells detected by MTT assay,the protein and mRNA expressions of CD44 and Oct4 determined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry,and tumorigenicity observed by nude mouse tumorigenicity assay.Results Compared with the negative control group,the MC3 cells treated with docetaxel exhibited significant increases in the colony formation rate ([9.14±0.75] vs [33.47±1.30]％,P＜0.05),the protein expressions of CD44 (14.47±0.15 vs 99.50±0.30,P＜0.05) and Oct4 (1.37±0.06 vs 14.60±0.36,P＜0.05),and the mRNA expressions of CD44 (0.207±0.009 vs 0.651±0.015,P＜0.05) and Oct4 (0.223±0.008 vs 2.228±0.005,P＜0.05).At 2 months after injection of 1×103,1× 104,and 1×105 MC3 cells,tumor formation was observed in 0,1,and 3 of the nude mice,respectively,but not in the negative control group.Conclusion MC3 cells surviving docetaxel treatment have the properties of stem cells,and docetaxel can enrich cancer stem cells in the MC3 cells,which plays a key role in tumor recurrence.