Objective To determine the growth differential factor 15 (GDF-15) in CMS rat model, investigate the significance of GDF-15 in CMS and the relationship between GDF-15 and hepcidin. Methods 32 rats of CMS model were taken as experimental group (EXP), the other 16 rats fed in Xining (CON) were taken as control group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of GDF-15 were detected respectively. Results Compared with that in CON group, the level of mRNA and protein of GDF-15 were significantly higher in EXP group (P<0.01). GDF-15 and EPO had correlation in EXP (r=0.397, P=0.031), but had no correlation with serum hepcidin in EXP (r = -0.224, P = 0.218). Conclusion GDF-15 can promote CMS and represent erythrocytosis, while GDF-15 has no inhibition to the expression of hepcidin.

Objective　To find out the morbidity and main pathogens of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP) in PICU.Methods　44 VAP cases were reviewed.Results　44 VAP cases were diagnosed and analyzed from 1998, 2 to 2001,1,the morbidity of VAP was 69.8%.The predominant pathogen was Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion　It has reference value in consideri ng the possible pathogens of pneumonia.

Adult ; Gamma Rays ; Humans ; Male ; Radiation Protection ; instrumentation ; Space Suits

Objective To investigate the correlation of vitamin D with essential hypertension and its target organ damages in the elderly.Methods In the retrospective study,365 elderly participants aged ≥ 60 years hospitalized in our department during January 2013 to February 2014 were involved,including 247 patients with confirmed essential hypertension(HT)and 118 patients without HT.Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D]levels were measured and compared between HT and non-HT group,and binary regression analysis was used to discuss potential influencing factors of HT.The damage index of vitamin D target organ was compared between vitamin D deficiency group(n=198)and vitamin D non deficiency group(n=49).Results The median serum 25(OH)D level of participants is 35.3 nmol/L,77.5%(283 cases)were in the insufficient vitamin D status.The level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in HT group than in non-HT group(34.0 vs.38.7 nmol/L,P<0.05).There were not statistically significant differences between vitamin D insufficient group and sufficient group(P>0.05)in albumin/creatinine ratio,serum creatinine,estimated glomerular filtration rate,ankle-brachial index,pulse wave velocity,intima media thickness of carotid artery,Sokolow-Lyon index,cornell index and left ventricular mass index.The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in CHD plus HT group than non-CHD(P<0.05).The 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with coronary heart disease(B=-0.021,P=0.019).The serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in groups with double-and triple-vessel coronary artery disease than in non-CHD group(P<0.01).Conclusions Vitamin D insufficiency is common in the elderly.The serum 25(OH)D level is significantly lower in old patients with HT especially with stage 3 HT than in non-HT ones.The 25(OH)D level is lower in HT patients with comorbid CHD,and more obvious in HT patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease.An insufficient vitamin D status is not correlated with hypertensive target organ damages including kidney,peripheral vascular and left ventricular cardiac structure.

Objective To summarize the experience of operative treatment of all types of congenital choledochal cysts (CCC).Methods Clinical data from 52 operated patients with CCC were analyzed retrospectively.(Operations) included excision of the cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy in 38 cases,partial excision of the cyst with choledochojejunostpmy with Roux-en-Y loop in 2 cases etc. Results 52 cases were cured and left hospital . Among them, 45 were followed up and 42 cases had a good recovery. Conclusions (Resection) of the cyst with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is recommended as the therapy of choice in selective operation.Adherence to the indications,the method of excision and the principle of Roux-en-Y (hepaticojejunostomy) are the key factors to increase the effect of the operation.

Background Light-induced retinal damage models vary as many influence factors,herein the modeling method is difficult to copy.It is necessary to establish the grading standardization of retinal damage after retinal light exposure.Objective This study was to improve the modeling method and establish a grading standardization for light-induced retinal damage in rat.Methods Twenty-four SPF 8-10 week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups and 6 eyes for each group.The rats were exposed to light intense of 5000 lx for 1,2,3 hours respectively in 3 groups,and other 6 rats served as the normal group.Full-field light exposure experiment was performed for each individual rat separately,and an annular illumination box was used tO ensure the experimental rat moving in a single direction and exposing the right eye in 5000 lx light surrounding during experimental duration.Ganzfeid electroretinogram(ERG)was recorded from the experimental rats at the fifth day after light exposure,and the animals were then sacrificed for histopathology observation to evaluate the retinal thickness change.All procedures which involved animals adhered to the ARVO Statement for the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.Results After exposing to intensity light for 1,2,3 hours,the b-wave amplitudes of rod response,maximal mixed response,oscillatory potential in scotopic ERG as well as cone response,20 Hz flicker response of photopic ERG were significant declined as lapse of light exposure time(F=71.690,P=0.000；F=56.250,P=0.000；F=23.610,P=0.000：F=27.130,P=0.000；F=27.030,P=0.000)and lowed by 26.2％,52.5％,70.7％,24.4％,39.3％,58.1％respectively at the end of experiment.Meanwhile,the b-wave latencies of rod response,maximal mixed response in scotopic ERG as well as cone response of photopic ERG were evidently different among different groups (F=1.370,P=0.282；F：0.800,P=0.508；F=11.840,P=0.000；F=2.080,P=0.136).Light induced retinal damage located mainly at the temporal retina area.After intensity light exposure for 1,2,3 hours,the thickness of outer nuclear layer at the superior temporal retina attenuated by 11.3％,25.6％and 72.5％,respectively(P<0.05).A significant difference was seen in mean thickness of outer nuclear layer at superior temporal retina among different groups(F=410.27,P=0.000). Conclusion A standardized grading method for light-induced retinal damage is recommended.The continuous illumination in a intensity of 5000 Ix for 1,2,3 hours can induce the mild,moderate or severe retinal damage respectively at temporal retina.

The influence of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) score on pregnancy outcomes in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer cycles was analyzed. A retrospective analysis of 741 cycles of frozen-thawed blastosysts transfer was performed. All cycles were divided into four groups based on the number and morphological score of blastocysts: S-ICM B/TE B group (n=91), the single blastocyst transfer of ICM B and TE B; D-ICM B/TE B group (n=579), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE B; D-ICM B/TE C group (n=35), double blastocysts transfer of ICM B/TE C; and D-ICM C/TE B group (n=36), double blastocysts transfer of TE B/ICM C. The pregnancy outcomes were compared among the four groups. As compared with D-ICM B/TE C group, the clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate and multiple pregnancy rate were increased in D-ICM B/TE B group (74.96% vs. 57.14%, 57.43% vs. 37.14%, and 48.62% vs. 25%, respectively, P<0.05 for all). Clinical pregnancy rate and implantation rate in D-ICM B/TE B group were also higher than in D-ICM C/TE B group (74.96% vs. 50%, and 57.43% vs. 33.33%, both P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that ICM score was a better predictive parameter for clinical pregnancy (OR=3.05, CI 1.70-5.46, P<0.001), while the trophectoderm score was a better one for early abortion (OR=0.074, CI 0.03-0.19, P<0.001). Clinical pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate in S-ICM B/TE B group were significantly lower than those in D-ICM B/TE B group (46.15% vs. 74.96%, and 2.38% vs. 48.62%, both P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the implantation rate between the two groups. It was suggested that the higher score of ICM and TE may be indicative of the better pregnancy outcomes. The ICM score is a better predictor of clinical pregnancy than TE, while TE score is a better one in predicting early abortion. Single ICM B/TE B blastocyst transfer in frozen-thawed cycles can also get satisfactory pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the repeatability of precise radiotherapy placement of self-made adjustable angle wedge plate,negative pressure vacuum pad and conmon soft pillow,corresponding to 3 groups.The study is demonstrated with a thermoplastic membrane immobilization technology in kyphotic deformity patients with head and neck cancer (including primary and secondary),respectively.Methods From Jun 2014 to Apr 2016,48 cases of severe head and neck cancer patients received radiotherapy humpback who were randomly divided into 3 groups.Combined with thermoplastic head and neck shoulder film position fixation,the right foot direction at the end of the skull styloid process layer center was set as a reference point.On the left foot at the end of the direction of styloid process layer center,localization of the origin of the coordinate system in patients around the head and foot,dorsoventrally (x,y,z) analysis of the direction change of position measurement was performed.Results There was no significant difference between the adjustable angle wedge plate and negative pressure vacuum pad groups of the coordinate system (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with common soft pillow group,three dimensional positioning errors and three dimensional coordinate system transfer errors of the adjustable angle wedge plate and negative pressure vacuum pad groups were statistically significantly different (t =-6.99 to-2.69,-5.13 to-2.71,P＜0.05).Conclusions The self-made adjustable angle wedge plate has good repeatability,saves time and money,is simple and durable on precise radiotherapy positioning of kyphotic deformity patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective To compare the repeatability of radiotherapy placement between negative pressure vacuum pad (A group) and common soft pillow (B group) combined with a thermoplastic membrane immobilization technology in severe kyphosis patients with head and neck cancer.Methods From September 2013 to December 2014,22 cases of severe kyphosis patients with primary or secondary head and neck cancer who received radiotherapy were randomly divided into group A and group B.Padding waist hips with negative pressure vacuum pad and ordinary soft pillow were used so that the patients could lay in CT-Sim bed,and the head cushion was set on the headrest.After the fixing of thermoplastic head and neck shoulder membrane,CT-Sim was located.Every five times of radiotherapy were accompanied by CT-Sim school position once.In the direction of the last layer of right styloid process center point as the reference point,CT-sim software was used to measure the location change with left and right sides,head,and under direction (x,y,z,respectively) in patients,and the data were analyzed.Results Group A significantly reduced the osseous placement error between tags compared with group B (P ＜ 0.05).The average placement errors were as follows,x:(0.68±0.14) mm vs (1.15±0.77) mm,y:(0.48±0.23) mm vs (1.49±1.24) mm,z:(0.76±0.54) mm vs (2.11±1.02) mm,while the average transfer errors were as follows,x:(0.70±0.21) mm vs (1.15±0.93) mm,y:(0.50±0.31) mm vs (1.50±1.28) mm,z:(0.85±0.26) mm vs (1.77±0.88) mm.Conclusion Vacuum suction pad combined with thermoplastic membrane has good repeatability on radiotherapy positioning for severe kyphosis patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective To investigate the operative indications for polypoid lesions of gallbladder(PLG) and avoid cholecystectomy for PLG without operation signs.Methods Retrospective analysis of 828 cases of PLG confirmed by pathologic examination was made.Results (1)Cancer should be suspected when a patient is older than 50 years or has a polypoid lesion larger than 1.0 cm.(2)The cholecystectomies for PLG accounted for 2.7%-7.1%of all cholecystectomies in the corresponding period,and cholesterol polyps accounted for 86.11%of all PLG,and carcinoma of gallbladder accounted for 1.92%of all PLG.Conclusion At present most of PLG accepting cholecystectomy are cholesterol polyps,so the high-risk factors of the neoplastic polyps and the operative indications for PLG should be considered deliberately.