BACKGROUND:As the rapid development of oral implantation and restoration techniques, as wel as the increasing enlargement of indications, angulated abutments have been widely used. Posterior teeth region, as the weight-loading region of occlusion, can bear great force from the implants, the assessment of angulated abutments in posterior teeth region has clinical value.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the short-term clinical efficacy of angulated abutments on the implant denture in posterior teeth region.
METHODS:From January 2008 to January 2013, 114 patients with 175 ITI implants in the posterior teeth region were included in this study and they al underwent single-crown restoration. The involved patients were divided into angulated abutment group and straight abutment group. Periodontal probing depth, modified plaque index, modified sulcus bleeding index and peri-implant crestal bone loss in two groups were recorded at 6 months and 2 years after restoration. Cumulative survival rate of the implant denture was calculated by life-table analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in periodontal probing depth, modified plaque index, and modified sulcus bleeding index between two groups (P>0.05). The annual crestal bone loss showed no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). Moreover, the 5-year cumulative survival rate with 15° and 20° abutments was 95.6%, and that with straight abutment was 96.4%. The angle of abutments has no correlation with peri-implant soft tissue and peri-implant crestal bone loss, implant restorations with 15° and 20° angulated abutments may be successful y used in the posterior region, whereas the long-term effects need further research.

Objective To evaluate the alteration of labial bone mass one year after immediate implant or delayed implant placement in esthetic zone.Methods From June 2009 to June 2012,22 patients with 11 immediate implant and 11 delayed implant in the maxillary anterior region were followed up.CBCT images were obtained immediately after surgery and one year after implant placement,the horizontal and vertical alterations of the labial bone were evaluated by image analysis software.Results The 1-year vertical reduction of labial bone after immediate implant placement was statistically significant (P＜0.05),and no significant difference in delayed implant (P＞0.05).The 1-year horizontal reduction of labial bone was statistically significant at coronal and middle of implant,without significant difference at apical of implant.Conclusions Immediate implant can not stop the physical absorption of labial alveolar ridge,and the study can provide reference to achieve esthetics in the anterior region.

Objective To understand the job stressors, coping style and general self-efficacy of emergency nurses and relationship of them. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 83 emergency nurses were conducted through the Chinese Nurses′ Job Stress Sources Scale, Trait Coping Style Questionnaire, General Self-efficacy Scale. Results Job stress among nurses in emergency department was caused by heavy workloads and time distribution (2.88±0.82), issue of patient care (2.78±0.59). The score of emergency nurses′coping propensity was 3.77, indicating more use of positive coping. Negative coping scored higher than the norm (26.99±4.76 vs.21.25±7.41), the difference was significant (t=10.290, P<0.01). The average score of general self-efficacy was 2.40 ± 0.48, lower than the norm (2.86±0.52), the difference was significant (t=-8.07, P<0.01). Active coping style scores were negatively correlated with job stress (r =-0.294, P < 0.05), negative coping style scores were positively correlated with job stress (r =0.239, P<0.05). General self-efficacy and positive coping scores were positively correlated (r=0.270, P<0.05). Conclusions The job stress among emergency nurses was at high level, self-efficacy was not high, but they still have a positive behavior patterns. Nurse managers should take advantage of the positive psychological characteristics of nurses and give reasonable support and guidance, in order to enhance the confidence of nurses and promote self-efficacy, optimize coping, improve the physical and mental health in emergency nurses.

Objective To explore the risk factors of no reflow phenomenon on post-percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods The clinical data of 268 patients with AMI who performed emergency PCI were collected and divided into normal group(normal flow) and no-reflow group (no flow).The risk factors of predicting the occurrence of no reflow phenomenon were screened by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results Thirty-two cases (11.9％) of 268 patients had flow occurrence and 236 cases(88.1％) were with no flow occurrence.There were significantly statistical differences between the two groups in terms of angina pectoris history before infarction,white blood cell count (WBC),history of oral of stains,administration of 600 mg of plavix before the operation,creatinine kinase,MB isoenzyme (CK-MB),C-reactive protein (CRP),Low density lipoprotein(LDL),time of coronary artery perfusion,numbers of balloons used during PCI and Killip ≥ grade 2 (all P ＜ 0.05).The multivariate logistic regression model analysis displayed that Killip ≥ grade 2 (odds ratio (OR) =1.237,95％ confidence interval (95％ CI) 1.049 -2.264,P=0.021),history of oral of stains(OR=2.355,95％CI 1.547-3.438,P＜0.001),WBC ≥ 12× 109/L (OR =4.139,95％ CI 2.273-8.451,P＜0.001),no administration of 600 mg of plavix before the procedure (OR =2.645,95％CI 1.628-5.246,P＞0.005) and no angina pectoris history before infarction(OR=1.413,95％CI 1.150-2.426,P＜0.001) were independent risk factors regarding of causing no reflow phenomenon.Conclusion The factors including Killip ≥ grade 2,history of oral of stains,WBC ≥ 12× 109/L,no administration of 600 mg of plavix before theoperation and no angina pectoris history before infarction were independent risk factors in terms of causing no reflow phenomenon.

Objective To establish a cellulose acetate membrane electrophoretic method for separating the exogenous sulfated poly mannuguluronicate(911) from glycosaminoglycans.Methods 911 both in urine and ultrafiltrated urine were extracted with cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and then separated by two step electrophoretic method with two different buffer solutions. Results The results indicated that 911 was thoroughly separated from endogenous CSC and DS with its average recovery in urine approximately at 70%. Furthermore, the lowest sensitivity for determination of 911 in aquatic solution was 100 ?g?L -1 , whereas that in urine 250 ?g?L -1 and in ultrafiltrated urine 500 ?g?L -1 . And most importantly 911 in rat's urine was detectable after it's oral administration at dose of 200mg?kg -1 . Conclusions It is the first time for us to conduct the existence of 911 in urine by two step electrophoretic method with two different buffer solutions, suggestive of the feasibility to determine 911 in urine even following it's oral administration.

Objective To provide scientific basis for the investigation, prevention,control and administration of house decoration noise Methods The equivalent noise levels (Leq),and the levels of noise dose (D L) in decorated houses,next door houses and outdoor environment were measured during different periods such as morning,noon,afternoon and evening in one day, as well as the health effects of noise in 3 residential quarters were investigated Results The Leqs levels during per 10 minutes were 79 6～104 7 dB(A) in decorated house The individuals exposure D L of decoration workers were 90%～180% The Leqs during per 20 minutes were 70 9～76 4 dB(A) in next door houses and 63 4～76 5dB(A) in the neiboaring residential building and office building 6～45 meters far from the decoration noise sources The annoyance rate among 149 residents was high and reached 89 8% The mental labourers revealed significantly higher annoyance rate compared with that of physical labourers Conclusion The health effects of decoration noise on occupational individuals and residents shouldnt be ignored

Objective To investigate the risk factors affecting early mortality in spontaneous rupture in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)and explore the effective treatment.Methed A retrospective study of 34 consecutive patients with spontaneous rupture of HCC from January 1998 to January 2008 was conducted.Followup was conducted for more than 3 years.18 clinical ,biochemical and pathological factors influencing 30-day mortality were analyzed.Results 30-day mortality rate was 38% (n=13).Univariate analysis showed that presence of cirrhosis,Child's C status,shock on admission,higher blood transfusion requirement,raised α-fetoprotein (AFP),raised alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and raised aspartate transaminase(AST)were all associated with increased risk early death (P＜0.05).Multivariate analysis displayed that shock was an independent risk factor affecting early death.The median survival time was 14.4 months in 8 patiens receiving emergency curative rescection and 44.4 months in 5 cases underwent delayed curative resection,and the 1-and 3-year survival rate were 63% (5/8)and 13% (1/8)in the former group and 80% (4/5)and 60% (3/5)in the latter group.Conclusion Poor prognosis of spontaneous rupture of HCC is associated with poor liver reservation,advanced disease and large volume of haemorrhage.Shock and blood transfusion requirement are the independent factors affecting early mortality.Curative resection is a definite treatment and delayed curative resection following initial haemostasis has a safer and more effective result.

Objective To investigate anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia.Methods Ninety-six Wistar newborn rats were randomly divided into 4 groups after birth:room air-exposed control group,room air-exposed rhEPO treated group,hyperoxia-exposed group,and the hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated group.The last two groups were exposed to oxygen,FiO2 =850 mL/L,room air-exposed rhEPO treated and hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated group received rhEPO 2 400 IU/kg subcutaneously at birth,30 minutes' before oxygen exposure and 2 d after birth.The isodose of 9 g/L saline was given in the same way in room air-exposed controls and hyperoxia-exposed pups.Rats from each group were sacrificed on day 3,7 and 10.Lung histology was observed under microscope,and mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and cytokine-induced neutrophil hemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) were determined with reverse transcriotion-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Under microscope,in the hyperoxia-exposed group,inflammatory cell influx was detected in the lungs on the 3rd day and there was marked neutrophlic infiltrate on the 7th day.Alveolar enlargement and fibrosis were evident on the 10th day.At the same time,the histopathological changes were improved greatly in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated pups compared with the hyperoxia-exposed pups.MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression increased in hyperoxia-exposed pups,compared with room air-exposed controls especially on the 7th day [(0.94 ± 0.45) vs (0.21 ± 0.03),P ＜ 0.001 ; (1.26 ± 0.29) vs (0.26 ± 0.06),P ＜ 0.001].MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression were greatly depressed in the hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated pups compared with the hyperoxia-exposed pups especially on the 7th day.[(0.65 ± 0.07) vs (0.94 ± 0.45),P＜0.05;(0.83±0.07) vs (1.26±0.29),P＜0.05].Conclusions The therapy of rhEPO (2 400 IU/kg) therapy can reduce lung inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar fibrin deposition in newborn rats with hyperoxic lung injury,and it can restrain MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression.The anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhEPO is related to inhibition of MCP-l and CINC-1 mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of injectable osteoinductive material with fibrin sealant(FS) as a carrier compounded with bovine bone morphogenetic protein(bBMP) and bovine fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) for radial defect in dogs.Methods A total of 12 dogs were used in this study.The animals were randomly divided into treatment and control groups with 6 in each.We created a 20-mm bone defect at the upper radius of each dog,and then sutured the subcutaneous tissues and skin around the lesion.After the operation,FS(control) and FS+bFGF+bBMP were given to the two groups respectively by percutaneous injection.To compare the efficacy of the injections,we examined the animals by radiography in 4,8,16,and 24 weeks.The dogs were sacrificed in 24 weeks to obtain the specimens of the bone defect for histological examination and bone mineral density(BMD) determination.Results Radiography showed callus formation in 4 weeks and then osteoneogenesis in 24 weeks in the treatment group;whereas,in the control group,no callus was found around the defect in 24 weeks.In the treatment group,the mean BMD of the diseased radius was significantly higher than that of the healthy leg and that in the control group [(456.33?13.74) mg/cm2 vs(433.33?6.77) mg/cm2(t=2.57,P=0.00) and 0 mg/cm2].By histological examination,the new-formed bone in the treatment group was confirmed integral and dense with intact cortex and continuous marrow cavities in 24 weeks,while the bone defect of the controls were repaired with connective tissues without remodeling of the bone.Conclusion It is effective to repair bone defect in dogs by using injectable osteoinductive material with FS as a carrier compounded with bBMP and bFGF.

Objective To study the effect of injectable osteoinductive materials with fibrin sealant as the vehicle on the reconstruction of segmental radius defect in dog, and to provide an experimental foundation for its clinical application in the future. Methods 20mm bone defects were created in the radius 18 dogs, and in the experiment group b [FS+bFGF+bBMP (bovine BMP)] composite, and in experiment group r (FS+bFGF+rhBMP-2) were injected percutaneously into the defects. A control group (FS) with bone defect only was also included. The reconstruction effect on the segmental dog radius defects was evaluated by radiography, histology, bone mineral density (BMD) at 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 weeks after operation. Results In the experimental groups with bovine BMP as osteoinductive agent, higher repairing capability and osteogenesis rate were observed in experiment group b (FS+bFGF+bBMP) compared with that of control group (P