The advantages of saliva-based biomarkers detection in cancer were accurate,simple and noninvasive.Currently,biomarkers validated for saliva detection include protein,mRNA,miRNA and DNA,using PAGE,microarray and sequencing,respectively.Analysis of literatures shows;that saliva biopsy plays an important role in cancer diagnosis,clinical treatment and prognosis.Due to the design of experiments reported werediversification,a large number of validations are necessary to standardize saliva collecting,processing,testing methods and quality assurance.

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1 ),which is highly expressed in NSCLC,can be divided into two categories:membrane PD-L1 and soluble PD-L1 .PD-L1 participates in tumor immune escape through combining with its receptor.PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors have entered the phase Ⅰ studies and showed a good application prospect.It is also found that the sensitivity of PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors is strongly associated with the expression of PD-L1 in tumor.Therefore,PD-L1 can be used as a biomarker to pre-dict its curative effect.

Objective To investigate anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant human erythropoietin(rhEPO) on bronchopulmonary dysplasia in newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia.Methods Ninety-six Wistar newborn rats were randomly divided into 4 groups after birth:room air-exposed control group,room air-exposed rhEPO treated group,hyperoxia-exposed group,and the hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated group.The last two groups were exposed to oxygen,FiO2 =850 mL/L,room air-exposed rhEPO treated and hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated group received rhEPO 2 400 IU/kg subcutaneously at birth,30 minutes' before oxygen exposure and 2 d after birth.The isodose of 9 g/L saline was given in the same way in room air-exposed controls and hyperoxia-exposed pups.Rats from each group were sacrificed on day 3,7 and 10.Lung histology was observed under microscope,and mRNA expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and cytokine-induced neutrophil hemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) were determined with reverse transcriotion-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Under microscope,in the hyperoxia-exposed group,inflammatory cell influx was detected in the lungs on the 3rd day and there was marked neutrophlic infiltrate on the 7th day.Alveolar enlargement and fibrosis were evident on the 10th day.At the same time,the histopathological changes were improved greatly in the lungs of hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated pups compared with the hyperoxia-exposed pups.MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression increased in hyperoxia-exposed pups,compared with room air-exposed controls especially on the 7th day [(0.94 ± 0.45) vs (0.21 ± 0.03),P ＜ 0.001 ; (1.26 ± 0.29) vs (0.26 ± 0.06),P ＜ 0.001].MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression were greatly depressed in the hyperoxia-exposed rhEPO treated pups compared with the hyperoxia-exposed pups especially on the 7th day.[(0.65 ± 0.07) vs (0.94 ± 0.45),P＜0.05;(0.83±0.07) vs (1.26±0.29),P＜0.05].Conclusions The therapy of rhEPO (2 400 IU/kg) therapy can reduce lung inflammatory cell infiltration and alveolar fibrin deposition in newborn rats with hyperoxic lung injury,and it can restrain MCP-1 and CINC-1 mRNA expression.The anti-inflammatory mechanism of rhEPO is related to inhibition of MCP-l and CINC-1 mRNA expression.

Objective To explore the clinical value of helical CT surface shaded display (SSD) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images in diagnosing the acetabular fractures. Methods According to the anatomical basis of "Y" type cartilage in children acetabulum, adult acetabulum was divided into "two columns" the anterior and posterior column and "four walls"the anterior, posterior, medial and roof walls, so as to define the localization, type, interface and union of fractures accurately. Results From 1999 to 2001, 68 cases of acetabluar fractures were reviewed. Of 68 cases, 28 cases were diagnosed as complex double columns and three walls (anterior, posterior and interior wall respectively) fracture, 7 cases as complex single column (anterior column) and three walls (anterior, posterior and interior wall) fracture, 5 as complex single column (anterior column) and two walls (anterior and interior wall) fracture, 21 as simple posterior wall fracture, 7 as simple anterior wall. In this group, 21 complex double columns and three walls fractures, 7 complex single column and three walls fractures, 5 complex single column and two walls fractures, 15 simple posterior wall fractures, 3 simple anterior wall fractures had reduction and internal fixed with plates or absorbable screws; another 7 complex double columns and three walls fractures, 6 simple posterior wall fractures, 4 simple anterior wall fractures were treated with traction reduction because the separation and displacement of their fragments were not significant. Using ?2 statistical analysis,there was a significant difference between the X-ray film and SSD and MPR in demonstrating the numbers and types. Conclusion SSD and MPR reconstruction imagines are of instructive importance in sufficient evaluation, operative preparation and appropriate instrumentation of internal fixation. In the management of acbtabular fracture, plates are needed to stabilize the fracture involved the anterior or posterior column, while the fragments of anterior or posterior wall are only fixed with screws, small fragments could be removed in order to avoid forming loose body. Therefore, SSD and MPR are the regular and important method in preoperative examination of complex acetabular fracture and dislocation.

Objective To evaluate open surgery vs transurethral management for bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) of small volume. Methods From May 1993 to June 2002,50 patients were surgically treated.Of them 22 underwent open surgery and 28 underwent TURP plus transurethral incision of bladder neck(TUIBN).There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in age,disease course,preoperative prostate weight and the excised prostate weight.All the surgical procedures were conducted by the same urologist.The efficacy of open surgery and TURP plus TUIBN was comparatively evaluated by IPSS,Qmax and post void residual urine volume(PVR) and hospitalization days. Results The IPSS of those undergoing open surgery decreased from 24.6?3.8 of preoperation to 15.2?3.4 of postoperation ,and the Qmax increased from (8.3?2.9)ml/s to (9.5?3.6)ml/s,and the PVR decreased from(220.0?30.0)ml to(90.0?20.0)ml,and the postoperative hospital stay was 14.2 days.The IPSS of the patients undergoing TURP plus TUIBN decreased from 24.9?4.2 to 5.8?2.7,and the Qmax increased from (8.0?3.1)ml/s to (23.2? 3.8)ml/s,and the PVR decreased from(230.0?28.0)ml to(15.0?4.0)ml,and the postoperative hospital stay was 8.5 days.The postoperative improvement was much greater in the patients undergoing TURP plus TUIBN than those undergoing open surgery as assessed by IPSS,Qmax and PVR (all P

Objective To compare the induction of and emergence from anesthesia with target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol-remifentanil/fentanyl and isoflurane inhalation. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ patients (26 male, 34 female) aged

Objective To investigate the difference of restlessness of patients who was in the stage of recovery from general anesthesia when using urethral catheterization in different time. Methods Divided 80 patients with carcinoma of esophagus into 2 groups randomly.For the cases in the experimental group,using urethral catheterization before the general anesthesia,while for the cases in the control group,using urethral catheterization after the general anesthesia.Compare the condition of restlessness and the ratio of canal emerge of 2 groups. Results The condition of restlessness and the ratio of canal emerge in the experimental group were both better than those of in the control group,P

Streptomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria of Actinomycetales. These organisms can produce many economically important secondary metabolites. With the development of molecular biology, gene sequencing technology and synthetic biology, people gained a better understanding of the Streptomyces family. The means to transform genome on the molecular level is also increasing. By simplifying the Streptomyces genome rationally and efficiently, it will improve the yield and quality of the metabolites as well as reduce the consumption of the substrates. Markerless knockout is an important way to carry out genetic modification. Here we describe novel genome modification techniques developed for Streptomyces in recent years with focus on the markerless knockout technologies.
Chromosomes, Bacterial ; genetics ; Gene Knockout Techniques ; methods ; Genes, Bacterial ; genetics ; Streptomyces ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the MRI application in the common non-traumatic brachial plexopathies.Methods Twenty-seven patients with non-traumatic brachial plexopathies were retrospectively analyzed,which consisted of 10 males and 17 females with age range from 22 to 70 years old.Among the patients,2 were neurofibromatosis,8 were schwannoma,3 were metastases,2 were radiation plexopathy,1 was multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN),and 11 were typical thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).Before treatment,all patients underwent MRI of brachial plexus,in which 8 patients underwent Gd-DTPA enhanced MRI.Results In 2 cases of neurofibromatosis,the tumors appeared as fusiform,bead-like masses,growing along the course of brachial plexus with involvement of rootlets in vertebral canal,and iso-to little hypointensity on T1WI,inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI and inhomogeneously enhanced.Schwannoma of 8 cases displayed as fusiform mass,eccentric to the original nerve with sharply defined edge,and hypointensity or inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T1WI,inhomogeneous hyperintensity on T2WI with cystic necrosis in 3 cases which was inhomogeneously enhanced.Two of the 3 cases of metastases manifested as multiple masses besides brachial plexus,the other one appeared as widespread lesion infiltrating brachial plexus and surrounding structures.Two cases of radiation plexopathy displayed as diffused thickened nerves,with increased signal intensity on short time inversion recovery (STIR),clear structure and no mass surrounding the plexus.One case of MMN showed thickened nerves with increased signal intensity on STIR.Eleven cases of typical TOS manifested as arched elevation of C8,T1 and inferior trunk,with thickened nerves and increased signal intensity on STIR.Elevated subclavian artery could be seen in 8 cases.And in one case of TOS,a mass in the end of cervical rib compressed the local brachial plexus.Conclusions MRI can clearly show the location,involved scope and the relationship with adjacent structures.So MRI can provide reliable information for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the clinical-pathological feature of careinoma showing thymus-like dif- ferentiation(CASTLE) of the thyroid. Methods The clinical data, histopathologie changes and immunohistoche- mical findings were studied in 1 case of carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation of the thyroid with review of the related literature. Results The age of the patient was 38 years old. The clinical manifestation displayed a pain- less mass in the thyroid. On ultrasound the tumor appeared hypoechoic. Histologically the tumor cells were arranged in nests and islands accompanied by desmoplasfie strorna. The architecture thus showed a superficial resemblance to the lobulation seen in thymic carcinomas. The tumor was characterized by squamoid or syheytial-appearing cells with lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm. Nuciec were oval, pale to versicular, and had small distinct nudeoli. Immunohistoche- mically the tumor cells were positive for CK, CD5, CD117 but neyative for TG, Calcitonin, SYN, NSE, TTF- 1, EBV. Conclusion CASTLE is a very rate a carcinoma thyroid with architectural resemblance to thymic epithelial tumors. The immunophenolype of CASTLE is identical with that of thymie carcinoma.