There are some limits and irrationality in practical application of the clause 3.1, 3.2, 4.4.2, 4.5.2, 4.9.1 of YY 0672.1-2008 as the industry standard for laparoscopic trocar. This paper puts forward some opinion and advice.
Laparoscopy ; instrumentation ; Surgical Instruments ; standards

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Macrolides ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Sinusitis ; drug therapy

Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Rhinitis ; surgery ; Sinusitis ; surgery

China ; Endoscopy ; trends ; Humans ; Nose ; surgery

Combined Modality Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Rhinitis ; therapy ; Sinusitis ; therapy

China ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures

Objective:To investigate peak bone mass(PBM) of female adults in Chongqing area and PBM change of females' lumbar vertebrae with age,bodyweight, height and body mass index(BMI),to provide scientific basis for diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis. Methods:There were 1435 female adults in Chongqing area randomly selected. The assessment of BMD in spine region was performed by NORLAND XR-46 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer. BMD of lumbar spine with age-related changes was fitted in the whole healthy women population by eight kinds of regression models. Best model equations of fitting were found and the reference databases of BMD in women were established.Group aged from 20 to 50(n=631)was PBM research group. Results:The PBM of the second,third and total lumbar vertebrae occurred in the group aged from 34 to 35,while that of the forth lumbar vertebrae occurred during 26 to 27 and reduction began at the age of 28. BMD would gradually decrease with the advancing of age when it achieved PBM. R square of cubic regression curve was maximum. The research showed height?body weight and BMI could influence PBM values of lumbar vertebrae. The effect of body weight was the most significant among these influential factors. Conclusions:The PBM level of female adults in Chongqing area was lower than that of other related research results in domestic,and the age of PBM was earlier than that of the others. A cubic regression model was the better model to establish a normal BMD reference curve. Proper nutrition and suitable figure keeping could result in higher PBM value in human life.

Objective:To investigate different region's bone mineral density(BMD)changing pattern in female adults in Chongqing area,evaluate the value of different sites in the diagnosis of primary osteoporosis,and provide scientific basis for diagnosis and prevention of osteoporosis.Methods:1435 female adults in Chongqing area were randomly selected.The assessment of BMD in spine region was performed among 1345 female adults with NORLAND XR-46 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer.BMD of the proximal femur in 308 was measured.All data was processed by relative statistics analysis.Results:BMD change of Wards Tri area occured 5 years earlier than that of others and it decreased obviously.It was the most sensitive site to reflect the BMD change.BMD of each site correlated with those of other sites.A cubic regression model was the better model to establish a normal BMD reference curve.R square of cubic regression curve was maximum value.R square in femoral neck and Wards triangle were larger than that of other sites.There was no significant difference in the incidence rate of osteoporosis in different sites.Conclusions:We should choose different sites to diagnose osteoporosis in different age groups.BMD of proximal femur should be measured in female adults less than 50 years,while BMD of proximal femur and lumbar spine should be measured in female adults older than 50 years.

Objective To clone the murine ?-fetoprotein gene,construct the DNA vaccine of mouse AFP and to observe the specific cellular immunologic responses and the anti-tumor responses in mice induced by this vaccine.Methods The murine AFP gene was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from Hepa1-6 cells and cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1 to construct pmAFP.The DNA vaccine was identified by restriction enzyme analysis,sequencing and expression.EL-4(mAFP) was developed by stable transfection of EL-4 cells with pmAFP.Mice immunized with DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection were inoculated with EL-4(mAFP) cells at back to observe the inhibitory effect of the immunization on tumor.The frequency of cells producing IFN-? in splenocytes harvested from the immunized mice was measured by ELISPOT.Blood samples were collected from the immunized mice to check the functions of liver and kidney.Results The murine AFP gene was successfully cloned by RT-PCR.DNA vaccine was successfully constructed.The expression of mAFP mRNA in EL-4(mAFP) was confirmed by RT-PCR.The tumor volume in pmAFP vaccine group(1 042.42?123.71 mm~(3)) was significantly smaller than that of other groups(P

The serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in 66 patients with malignant tumorwas measured by sandwith ELISA technique in this paper,39 health students are as control.Theresults show the level of sIL-2R was obvious higher than the controls (P