OBJECTIVE:To put forward some suggestions for the development of e-commerce in China's pharmaceutical retail chains.METHODS:To drawn on experiences from the western developed countries in developing B to C pharmaceutical e-commerce and analyzed the problems existing in China's pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:To develop e-commerce in China's pharmaceutical retail chains,the cooperated supervision of the concerned governmental departments is indispensable,in addition,the level of informatization should be improved step by step and the network of retail chain should be relied on to offer customer-centered services.

OBJECTIVE: To propose some suggestions towards the operation and development of online pharmacies in China.METHODS: From the following three aspects: website design,information provision,and customer service,the paper introduced and compared the websites of three approved online pharmacies,which include Jingwei Pharmacy,Shanghai Pharmacy and Jinxiang Pharmacy.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: To develop online pharmacies,the information display should be customer-centered,new marketing plans based on the characteristics of the internet should be developed;meanwhile,the operators of online pharmacies should help consumers developing an awareness of drug safety and offer them corresponding services.

Objective To study the correlation between the occurrence of encephaledema and the target dose-volume after the low dose stereotactic radiosurgery of epilepsy.Methods Totally 136 epilepsy patients treated by low dose stereotactic radiosurgery with Novalis System were analysed retrospectively.The target doses and volumes of the patients were analysed by drawing out the scatterplot and conducting the binary Logistic regression to all of the data.An equation was obtained to predict the occurrence of radiation induced encephaledema in certain range of target volume and dose.Results Among all of 136 patients,different degree of local encephaledema occurred in 19 cases after the radiosurgery.Higher occurrence of radiation induced encephaledema was observed when the target central dose (i.e.90％ isodose circling the target)was more than 18 Gy or the target volume more than 30 cm3.Moreover,in patients with multitargets the doses of different targets devoted to each other,which could lead to the occurrence of local encephaledema.The equation to predict the occurrence probability was obtained by regression analysis.By testing this equation in all of 136 patients the coincidence percentage was 94.7％.Conclusions The target dose and volume could be effective parameters in certain range to predict the occurrence probability of radiation induced encephaledema.This equation would help to establish and optimize the therapeutic planning system.So it could finally reduce the side-effect of low dose stereotactic radiosurgey in epilepsy patients.The equation has some clinical value.

We find that there is a correlation among thesize of ventricular septal defect (VSD) (X_2), PaO_2(X_3), V. /V. (X_7) and pulmonary systolic pressure(Y_1), diastolic pressure (Y_2), mean pressure (Y_3)by multivariate stepwise regression analysis, andso there are their parameters in the regression e-quations. The regression equations are Y_1 = 13. 24+ 0. 22X_2 - 0. 09X_3 + 0. 14X_7; Y_2 = 0. 65 + 0. 24X_2+ 0. 12X_7; Y_3 = 3. 54+ 0. 17X_2 + 0. 16X_7. But thecourse of the disease, ∑9 leads QRS dimension,R. /R., L. /L. are non-dominant factors, and sothere are not their parameters in the regression e-quation. The above-mentioned equations mayavoid the patients. with mild, moderate pulmonaryhypertension to have invasive examination, and re-duce its complications.

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of thyroglobulin(Tg)mRNA in peripheral blood samples of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)after remnant ablation.Methods Tg mRNA Was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)in peripheral blood of 162 patients.SPSS 13.0 was used for date analysis.Results The Tg mRNA assay had higher sensitivity than the conventional serum Tg measurement[86.61%(97/112)vs 53.57%(60/112),X2=29.153,P＜0.001]which Was the"gold standard"for the identification of recurrence or metastases.In the anti-Tg antibodies(TgAb)positive DTC patients,the sensitivity of Tg mRNA was higher than that of serum Tg[86.54%(45/52)vs 0]in identifying recurrent or metastatic thyroid disease(X2=79.322,P＜0.001).There was a significantly positive correlation between Tg mRNA expression and the clinical stages(Kendall correlation coefficient=0.515,P＜0.001).There was no difference of Tg mRNA expression in peripheral blood among ages,sex,pathological types and location of metastases,respectively(Kendall correlation coefficient=0.020,0.069,0.050 and 0.028;all P＞0.05).Conclusions Circulating Tg mRNA is a more sensitive marker than serum Tg in identifying recurrent or metastatic DTC,particulady in patients during levo-thyroxine(l-T4)therapy and with TgAb-positive.The DTC patients who have positive expression of Tg mRNA indicates poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of serum thyroglobulin autoantibody(TGAb) in thyroglobulin(TG)-negative and TGAb-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)after thyroid ablation and ascertain the optimal operating point(OOP)of TGAb.Methods A total of 169 patients with histologically confirmed DTC and thyroid remnant ablation showed TG-negative and TGAb-positive results which were assessed by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECLIA).The cases were divided into group A(59 cases)and group B(110 cases)with or without evidence of recurrence or metastasis,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and positive likelihood ratio of different threshold values were analysed according to their serum TGAb level.Results Serum TGAb level(1368?1343)IU/ml in group A was significantly higher than that(154?539)IU/ml in group B(P1000 IU/ml was 1.12 times that of 204 IU/ml≤TGAb≤1000 IU/ml,4.03 times that of 100 IU/ml≤TGAb

Objective To evaluate the effect of alginate polysaccharide JM on rats impaired by brain ischemia,and to elucidate its mechanisms.Methods By using the middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) induced by nylon surgical thread inserted through the internal carotid artery into the anterior cerebral artery in rats,the effects of JM on neurological dysfunction and infarct volumn in rats brain were investigated.Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were employed to study the inhibitory effects of JM on cytotoxicity induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia.Results JM at the doses of 12.5 and 25 mg?kg-1,iv,30 min before ischemia impressed neurological dysfunction,characterized by the decreased behavioral obstacle scores of MCAO rats.The infarct volumn declined 24h after ischemia as well.Further investigation by flow cytometry revealed that JM significantly reduces the overloading of intracellular free calcium on and suppresses apoptosis induced by hypoxia-hypoglycemia in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.Conclusion JM showed protective effects on brain ischemia,probably related to its inhibitory effect on the overloading of intracellular free calcium ion(\i) and cell apoptosis.

Because of breaking through time and space limitations of classroom teaching,micro class has become a better choice for students' autonomous learning and lifelong learning.Complete system of micro class can maximize learning efficiency,and among the system,the content and presentation form are the key to attract the learners,and perfect evaluation system is an important guarantee for effective learning by using micro courses.Pathological micro curriculum should highlight the characteristics of the course,and the task of pathology is to introduce the students to clinical medicine based on correlative basic science.We should adopt the dapper micro video aggregation type to interpret the teaching key points and difficulties,and with the help of network teaching platform or micro platform,give the full play to the advantages of micro course.Whether in the traditional teaching,or in the curriculum integration,the reasonably designed micro curriculum will improve the teaching quality by collaborating with classroom teaching.

Objective:To comparatively observe the effects of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticles on the Lewis lung cancer mice and to explore the mechanisms of Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticle anti-cancer in vivo.Methods:Lewis lung cancer mouse model was established and 60 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups with twelve in each group:PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticles group (Rg3-N),PEG-PLGA group (PEG),Rg3 group (Rg3 ),normal control group (C),saline control group(NS),and received intragastric administration for 1 4 days.The weights of the mice were measured every 2 days and the weight curves were obtained.At the same time,the color pattern,activity and men-tal status were observed.The mice were sacrificed when the administration was over,and the effects of 20 (R)-ginsenoside Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticles on tumor weight,and the tumor:weight ratios were analysed.In addition,the tumor microvessel density (MVD)was measured by immunohistochemi-cal staining with anti-CD31 antibody to compare the effects of Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticles on the tumor angiogenesis in vivo.Furthermore,the levels of such angiogenesis and proliferation factors as MMP-9,HIF-1 α,VEGF,Ki-67 were examined by RT-PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry to explore the internal molecular mechanisms of anti-tumor effects in vivo.Results:The trends of variation of the mice weights in NS group and PEG group were rising early but declining later.In contrast,the trends of the other three groups were rising early and became stable later.In comparison with NS group, the mice of Rg3 group and Rg3-N group had better general status:brighter color,more active and better spirit.Compared with NS group,the tumor weight in PEG group,Rg3 group and Rg3-N group showed no significant difference but the tumor:weight ratio and MVD in Rg3 group and Rg3-N group declined signi-ficantly (P <0.01 ).Besides,there was no significant difference between Rg3 group and Rg3-N group. At the same time,the level of VEGF mRNA,the protein expression of MMP-9,HIF-1 α,VEGF in Rg3 group and Rg3-N group decreased compared with NS group.Furthermore,the level of each index above-mentioned in Rg3-N group was lower than that in Rg3 group.The expression of Ki-67 in PEG group,Rg3 group and Rg3-N group showed no significant difference compared with NS group.Conclusion:Rg3 and PEG-PLGA-Rg3 nanoparticle may suppress the expression of VEGF,MMP-9 and HIF-1 αin Lewis lung cancer mice,thereby indirectly contributing to their antitumor effects and alleviating the mice’s general status.In addition,PEG-PLGA nanoparticles embedding can promote Rg3 antitumor effect in vivo.

Objective This paper is to study a new sutureless vascular bonding method. Methods New-Zealand rabbits were randomly assigned to one experimental group and one control group. 10 end-to-end bonding on rabbit femoral arteries (1.2mm vessel) were performed using the experimental technique with histoacryl glue (OB) and a central channel soluble stent. In the control group, 10 rabbit femoral arteries (1.2mm vessel) were anastomosed with the standard suture method. The patency rates and anastomotic time were recorded. The late anastomoses were evaluated with arteriograph and stoma tissue pathological section. Results The anastomosis mean time of the experimental group is 7.91 minutes and the one of the control group is 12.90 minutes. The immediate patency rates of two groups are both 100% and the late patency rates are 80% and 90% respectively. There are no haemorrhage when the clamp released and no distortion and stricture caused by sutures. Conclusion The sutureless vascular bonding method has no needs for suture needle and line, and thus the possible injuries during suture are reduced. The stent makes the vessel free from stoma stricture and binder invasion. The stoma leakage is also avoided through the adhensive. The enhanced suture speed results from the short clotting time and the hollow structure of the stent. With all the above-mentioned excellences, the method proves simple and efficient.