OBJECTIVE:To put forward some suggestions for the development of e-commerce in China's pharmaceutical retail chains.METHODS:To drawn on experiences from the western developed countries in developing B to C pharmaceutical e-commerce and analyzed the problems existing in China's pharmaceutical industry.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:To develop e-commerce in China's pharmaceutical retail chains,the cooperated supervision of the concerned governmental departments is indispensable,in addition,the level of informatization should be improved step by step and the network of retail chain should be relied on to offer customer-centered services.

OBJECTIVE: To propose some suggestions towards the operation and development of online pharmacies in China.METHODS: From the following three aspects: website design,information provision,and customer service,the paper introduced and compared the websites of three approved online pharmacies,which include Jingwei Pharmacy,Shanghai Pharmacy and Jinxiang Pharmacy.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: To develop online pharmacies,the information display should be customer-centered,new marketing plans based on the characteristics of the internet should be developed;meanwhile,the operators of online pharmacies should help consumers developing an awareness of drug safety and offer them corresponding services.

Accidents, Occupational ; prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; organization & administration

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Benzimidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; blood ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Tetrazoles ; therapeutic use ; Urotensins ; blood

Objective To find out the status of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders and evaluate the iodine nutritional status of Jinan residents,to explore appropriate iodine level in drinking water,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of intervention strategies.MethodsAccording to the Monitoring Program of the National Iodine Deficiency Disorders (Trial),qualified iodized salt consumption rate,drinking water iodine content and urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age were determined in iodine deficiency areas from 2003 to 2010.Salt iodine was detected by direct titrimetry,urinary iodine by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometric assay and iodine in drinking water by cerous sulfate catalytic spectrophotometric method.Results Intake rate of qualified iodized salt was up to 90％ and above from 2003 to 2010,median water iodine was 13.65 μg/L in the 10 counties(cities,districts),of which less than 100 μg/L accounted for 79.82％(4560/5713 ) and ＞ 150 μg/L accounted for 12.73％(727/5713).With the increase of water iodine(0 ～ ＜ 10,10 ～ ＜ 50,50 ～ ＜ 100,100 ～ ＜ 150,150 ～ ＜ 300 and ≥300 μg/L),urinary iodine levels of women of childbearing age increased successively(median 156.56,175.81,267.04,349.00,524.22,583.20 μg/L,respectively,x2 =121.20,P ＜ 0.05),while the ratio of urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was significantly lower.The ratio of urinary iodine between 100 and 300 μg/L was decreased gradually,but the ratio of great than 300 μg/L was gradually increased.ConclusionsIodine deficiency areas in Jinan have reached the standard of elimination of iodine deficiency disorders.We should insist to carry out our measures to suit local conditions,classified guidances and scientific principals of iodine supplementation.

AIM: To elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying calcium handling protein in diastolic heart failure (DHF) from mRNA level and protein expression, including calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca 2+ -ATPase), phospholamban, ryanodine receptor, calsequestrin and L-type calcium channel. METHODS: The mRNA of these calcium handling genes were detected by RT-PCR, and the protein levels were analyzed by Western blot analysis. RESULTS: Compared with sham-operated rabbits, the steady-state levels of mRNA encoding the SR Ca 2+ -ATPase and cardiac L-type calcium channel were decreased significantly in rabbits with DHF, and protein level of SR Ca 2+ - ATPase was greatly reduced, whereas the mRNA and protein levels of other calcium handling protein were unchanged. CONCLUSION: L-type calcium channel and the sarcoplasmic reticular Ca 2+ -ATPase were down regulated in DHF. These changes may be a contributory factor for DHF.

Background: Synaptic plasticity contributes to nociceptive signal transmission and modulation, with calcium/ calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) playing a fundamental role in neural plasticity. This research was conducted to investigate the role of CaMK II in the transmission and regulation of nociceptive information within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of naïve and morphine-tolerant rats. Methods: Randall Selitto and hot-plate tests were utilized to measure the hindpaw withdrawal latencies (HWLs) in response to noxious mechanical and thermal stimuli. To induce chronic morphine tolerance, rats received intraperitoneal morphine injection twice per day for seven days. CaMK II expression and activity were assessed using western blotting. Results: Intra-NAc microinjection of autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP) induced an increase in HWLs in naïve rats in response to noxious thermal and mechanical stimuli. Moreover, the expression of the phosphorylated CaMK II (p-CaMK II) was significantly decreased as determined by western blotting. Chronic intraperitoneal injection of morphine resulted in significant morphine tolerance in rats on Day 7, and an increase of p-CaMK II expression in NAc in morphine-tolerant rats was observed. Furthermore, intra-NAc administration of AIP elicited significant antinociceptive responses in morphine-tolerant rats. In addition, compared with naïve rats, AIP induced stronger thermal antinociceptive effects of the same dose in rats exhibiting morphine tolerance. Conclusions This study shows that CaMK II in the NAc is involved in the transmission and regulation of nociception in naïve and morphine-tolerant rats.