How personality forms and whether personality genes exist are long-studied questions. Various concepts and theories have been presented for centuries. Personality is a complex trait and is developed through the interaction of genes and the environment. Twin and family studies have found that there are critical genetic and environmental components in the inheritance of personality traits, and modern advances in genetics are making it possible to identify specific variants for personality traits. Although genes that were found in studies on personality have not provided replicable association between genetic and personality variability, more and more genetic variants associated with personality traits are being discovered. Here, we present the current state of the art on genetic research in the personality field and finally list several of the recently published research highlights. First, we briefly describe the commonly used self-reported measures that define personality traits. Then, we summarize the characteristics of the candidate genes for personality traits and investigate gene variants that have been suggested to be associated with personality traits.
Genetic Research ; Humans ; Wills

No abstract available.
Genetic Research* ; Thyroid Gland* ; Thyroid Neoplasms*

Cardiovascular Diseases ; genetics ; Genetic Research ; Humans

Complex kinship analysis refers to a kind of special kinship analysis taken for the purpose of personal identification or other issues in civil or criminal cases because the father or （and） mother is dead, or cannot participate in the analysis for other reasons. Due to the absence of significant appraised persons in this kind of kinship analysis, grandparents, siblings or collateral relatives are required to participate in the analysis. Complex kinship analysis is widely used and the demand is increasing year by year. This paper analyzes the main types of complex kinships, the genetic markers of complex kinship analysis and their advantages and disadvantages and the calculation methods for complex kinship analysis by referring to the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years. At the same time, the shortcomings of the present research on complex kinship and its future development are prospected.
Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Pedigree ; Research ; Siblings

Essential hypertension (EH) is a complex multifactorial disorder with genetic and environmental factors contributing to its prevalence. The genetic features have been revealed from the significant familial aggregation and the consistency among twins. Therefore, identification of EH susceptibility genes will be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of the disease, identify populations with potential risks of developing the disease, and select antihypertensive drugs. The present article introduces the search strategies of EH susceptibility genes and some genetic variants related to EH; meanwhile, it tries to analyze the difficulties and the role for samples in identifying susceptibility genes to EH.
Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; Hypertension ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Research Design

Genetic studies on facial morphology targeting healthy populations are fundamental in understanding the specific genetic influences involved; yet, most studies to date, if not all, have been focused on congenital diseases accompanied by facial anomalies. To study the specific genetic cues determining facial morphology, we estimated familial correlations and heritabilities of 14 facial measurements and 3 latent factors inferred from a factor analysis in a subset of the Korean population. The study included a total of 229 individuals from 38 families. We evaluated a total of 14 facial measurements using 2D digital photographs. We performed factor analysis to infer common latent variables. The heritabilities of 13 facial measurements were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and ranged from 0.25 to 0.61. Of these, the heritability of intercanthal width in the orbital region was found to be the highest (h2 = 0.61, SE = 0.14). Three factors (lower face portion, orbital region, and vertical length) were obtained through factor analysis, where the heritability values ranged from 0.45 to 0.55. The heritability values for each factor were higher than the mean heritability value of individual original measurements. We have confirmed the genetic influence on facial anthropometric traits and suggest a potential way to categorize and analyze the facial portions into different groups.
Cues ; Facial Bones ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Genetic Research ; Humans ; Orbit

Genetic Research ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; genetics ; Humans ; Paraganglioma ; genetics

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Widespread presence of glial cytoplasmic inclusions is the neuropathologic hallmark of MSA. The disease has long been considered as a sporadic disorder. However, in recent years, a few familial cases of MSA have been reported, and researches have verified certain genetic variants could increase the risk of MSA. These indicated genetic factors may play an imported role in the pathogenesis of MSA. In this review, the emerging evidence in favor of genetic players in MSA is discussed.
Animals ; Gene Dosage ; Genetic Research ; Humans ; Multiple System Atrophy ; genetics

Panic disorder is a common mental disorder that causes considerable disability. However, the etiology of panic disorder remains unclear. Preclinical neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have provided clues to the neurobiological basis of panic disorder, and recent developments in neurobiological techniques in neurochemical research, brain imaging, and genetic research provide a further understanding of anxiety, fear, and panic disorder. In this article, we introduce a functional neuroanatomic model of fear and anxiety, and consider the implications of recent developments and debates in neurobiological findings with respect to panic disorder.
Anxiety ; Genetic Research ; Mental Disorders ; Neurobiology ; Neuroimaging ; Panic ; Panic Disorder

Panic disorder is a common mental disorder that causes considerable disability. However, the etiology of panic disorder remains unclear. Preclinical neuroanatomical and neurophysiological studies have provided clues to the neurobiological basis of panic disorder, and recent developments in neurobiological techniques in neurochemical research, brain imaging, and genetic research provide a further understanding of anxiety, fear, and panic disorder. In this article, we introduce a functional neuroanatomic model of fear and anxiety, and consider the implications of recent developments and debates in neurobiological findings with respect to panic disorder.
Anxiety ; Genetic Research ; Mental Disorders ; Neurobiology ; Neuroimaging ; Panic ; Panic Disorder