Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies and leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. However, it may be treated effectively by surgical removal of the cancerous tissue if detected at early stages. Conventional tools for screening CRC are either invasive or inaccurate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable screening tools for CRC to significantly reduce its morbidity. In this regard, a novel DNA markers-based detection in stool is emerging as a promising approach.
Colorectal Neoplasms/*diagnosis/*genetics ; Epigenesis, Genetic/*genetics ; *Feces ; Genetic Markers/*genetics ; Tumor Markers, Biological/genetics

Infertility is known to be associated with chromosomal aberrations. Here the author reviews hitherto yet published cases of infertility identified to be carriers of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (sSMC). According to the sSMC web page (http://ssmc-tl. com/Start.html) there are now 225 cases of sSMC detected and characterized for their chromosomal origin and genetic content in infertile but otherwise health persons. In 54% of the cases, sSMC originated from chromosome 15 or 14, and was parentally transmitted in over 50% of the infertile sSMC-carriers. To the best of the authors knowledge, this is the largest review of infertile sSMC-carriers ever done.
Chromosome Aberrations ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Infertility ; genetics

Objective To assess the feasibility of the rbcL sequence of chloroplast DNA as a genetic marker to identify Cannabis sativa L. Methods The rbcL sequences in 62 Cannabis sativa L. samples, 10 Humulus lupulus samples and 10 Humulus scandens DNA samples were detected, and 96 rbcL sequences of the Cannabaceae family were downloaded from Genbank. Sequence alignment was performed by MEGA X software, the intraspecific and interspecific Kimura-2-Parameter （K2P） genetic distances were calculated, and the system clustering tree was constructed. Results The rbcL sequence length acquired by sequencing of Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus scandens were 617 bp and 649 bp, respectively, and two haplotypes of Cannabis sativa L. were observed in the samples. The BLAST similarity search results showed that the highest similarity between the sequences acquired by sequencing and Cannabis sativa L. rbcL sequences available from Genbank was 100%. The genetic distance analysis showed that the maximum intraspecific genetic distance （0.004 9） of Cannabis sativa L. was less than the minimum interspecific genetic distance （0.012 9）. The results of median-joining network and system clustering tree analysis showed that Cannabis sativa L. and other members of the Cannabaceae family were located in different branches. Conclusion The rbcL sequence could be used as a DNA barcode for identifying Cannabis sativa L., and combined with comparative analysis of the rbcL sequence and system cluster analysis could be a reliable and effective detection method for Cannabis sativa L. identification in forensic investigation.
Cannabis/genetics* ; Genetic Markers ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

OBJECTIVEStudies on DNA fingerprinting of eight species of Paris and application of restriction site amplification polymorphism (RSAP) to the identification of Paris.

METHODSequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular markers were used to detect the genetic diversity of 7 accessions of Paris collected from Tianquan and Baoxing in Sichuan, and one from Lijiang in Yunnan.

RESULTThe DNA fingerprinting of 8 species were generated by 18 primer combination screened from 45 primer combinations. Eight accessions were clustered into 4 groups by genetic distance.

CONCLUSIONBased on molecular biology methods of RSAP analysis, accurate molecular identification could be performed on traditional Chinese medicinal material plants in Paris, and provided molecular evidence for taxonomy and identification of different species in Paris.

As traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, Physalis plants have a variety of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects, and have been used for the treatment of malaria, rheumatism, hepatitis, asthma, and cancer. In addition to the medicinal value, many Physalis species are also the high-grade nutrition health care fruits, can be made canned and candied etc. In the study, the application progress of DNA molecular marker technologies in medicinal Physalis plants in recent years was reviewed, in order to provide an important molecular technical basis for the identification, classification and rational development and protection of medicinal Physalis resources.
DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; Physalis ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo determine the interspecies relationships of 18 Pueraria thomsonii cultivars in molecular level.

METHODEighteen P. thomsonii cultivars were evaluated by using sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, with P. lobata and P. peduncularis as contrast species. Systematic relationships were constructed based on the UPGMA method by TREECONW software.

RESULTThe results showed that 22 primer pairs produced 338 loci, out of which 216 were polymorphic, the percentage of polymorphic loci was 63.9%. An average of 15.4 loci and 9.8 polymorphic loci were generated by each pair of primers. Genetic distance was analyzed by TREECONW software. Genetic distance of 18 P. thomsonii were changed from 0.004 7 to 0.265 8, with an average of 0.316. Using cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on those polymorphism bands amplified with SRAP primers, the 22 cultivars were classified into three groups, groups 1 with 18 P. thomsonii, group 2 with 3 P. lobata, and group 3 with 1 P. peduncularis. Most of the P. thomsonii from the same region were not in the same group.

CONCLUSIONSRAP markers could be a good marker for genetic relationship research in the P. thomsonii.

Callicarpa nudiflora,which is a big brand of Li nationality medicine with Hainan characteristics,has the effects of dissolving stasis,hemostasis,anti-inflammatory and antibacterial. At present,there is a lack of information about the reference genome of C. nudiflora. The study of the genome size,heterozygosity rate and characteristics of SSR of C. nudiflora,can provide an effective basis for the formulation of the whole genome de novo sequencing strategy and development of SSR molecular markers of C. nudiflora. To realize this purpose,high throughput sequencing platform Illumina Hiseq was used to sequence the genome structure of C. nudiflora and K-mer analysis was applied to estimate genome size,repeat sequences and heterozygosity rate. Simple-sequence repeat( SSR) loci that are suitable as markers were identified by MISA software. The results showed the estimated genome size of C. nudiflora was 822. 43 Mb,with a 0. 85% heterozygosity rate and 71. 67% repeats,and the GC content of genome was about 49. 20%. Therefore,C. nudiflora belongs to a complex genome with high heterozygosity and repetition. SSR molecular genetic markers were analyzed in the genome sequence,and a total of 206 049 SSRs were identified,among which mono-nucleotide,di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide repetitive motifs summed up to 198 993,accounting for 96. 57% of the total SSRs. Among the 2-6 nucleotide repeats,AT/AT,AAT/ATT,AGCC/CTGG,AAAAT/ATTTT and AGATAT/ATATCT have the largest number,respectively. This report represents the first genome-wide characterization of C. nudiflora,and provides a reference for the construction of the library for the fine sequencing of the genome,and a molecular basis for the development of SSR molecular markers as well as for the protection and utilization of gene resources.
Callicarpa/genetics* ; Genetic Markers ; Genome, Plant ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic

MicroRNA （miRNA） belongs to a class of endogenous non-coding small RNA molecules with a length of 18-24 nucleotides. The expression of miRNA is highly conservative, has time sequence and is highly tissue-specific. MiRNA could not be easily degraded by ribonuclease, and is resistant to changes in environmental factors such as temperature and pH value. Moreover, miRNA can even be detected in corrupt tissue. As a result, miRNA has broad application prospects in many fields of forensic medicine such as source identification of body fluid and estimation of cause of death. This article briefly summarizes the application of miRNA in forensic practice, such as body fluid identification, determination of postmortem interval and cause of death analysis.
Forensic Genetics ; Forensic Medicine ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics*

Genetic diversity of Lilium sargentiae was detected in this paper by sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) marker. One hundred wild samples were collected from 10 places, and 15 SRAP primer combinations were used for determination. NTSYS-pc2.1 and POPGEN1.32 were used for data analysis. The results showed that a total of 170 clear DNA bands were amplified, 163 of which were polymorphic. The proportion of polymorphic loci was 90.58% on the level of species. Nei's (1973) gene diversity (H) was 0.2631, Shannon's Information index was 0.3661, the G(st), was 0.3672, and the genetic distance ranged from 0.2021 to 0.5749. All materials could be clustered into four groups by UPGMA. The results demonstrated that the genetic diversity of L. sargentiae was rich on the level of species, and the genetic diversity within populations exceeded among populations. The correlations of genetic diversity and distribution were significant in L. sargentiae.
Cluster Analysis ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA Primers ; genetics ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Lilium ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; genetics

G46B is a promising holding line used for three-lines breeding strategy in hybrid rice, but it is susceptible to blast disease caused by Pyricularia grisea. To improve its blast resistance, three rice varieties, Digu, BL-1, and Pi-4, with blast resistance genes, Pi-d(t), Pi-b, and Pi-ta2, respectively, were used to be crossed with G46B, and 15 plants with these three blast resistance genes, Pi-d(t)1, Pi-b, and Pi-ta2, were selected from their F2 and B1C1 populations via a marker-aided crossing procedure. Among them, four plants were heterozygotes in the three resistance genes, with the genotype of Pi-d(t)1 pi-d(t)/Pi-b pi-b/ Pi-ta2 pi-ta2; ten plants were heterozygotes in two of the three resistance genes, of which six with the genotype of Pi-d(t)1 Pi-d(t)1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2, three with the genotype of Pi-d(t)1 pi-d(t)1/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2, and one with the genotype of Pi-d(t)1pi-d(t)1/Pi-b Pi-b/Pi-ta2 pi-ta2; and only one plant was homozygote in two of the three resistance genes with the genotype of Pi-d(t)1 Pi-d(t)/Pi-b pi-b/Pi-ta2 Pi-ta2. These results demonstrate the capacity of maker-assisted selection (MAS) in gene pyramiding for rice blast resistance and its enhancement for the efficiency in rice resistance breeding.
Crosses, Genetic ; Genes, Plant ; Genetic Markers ; Genotype ; Oryza ; genetics ; Plant Diseases ; genetics ; Selection, Genetic