No abstract available.
Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain* ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains* ; Immunoglobulins*

Anti-idiotype antibody (anti-id Ab) which recognizes idiotope in the variable region of immunoglobulin (Ig) can regulate Ab production by B cells in vivo and in vitro. Although it has been reported that anti-id Ab can suppress IgM production by lymphocytes or hybridoma cells without suppression of cell proliferation, the regulatory mechanism of anti-id Ab is not completely understood. We studied the effects of anti-id Ab on the production of IgG class anti-DNA Ab by hybridoma cells, on the proliferation of cells, and on the transcription levels of Ig genes. In contrast to suppressive effect of anti-id Ab on the production of IgM previously reported by others, stimulatory effects of anti-id Ab on the production of IgG by hybridoma cells as well as the proliferation of these .cells were observed. However, little effect of anti-id Ab on the transcription levels of Ig genes was observed. These results suggest that anti-id Ab can increase Ab production by stimulation of cell proliferation. Furthermore, these results suggest that the effect of anti-id Ab on the production of Ab may be determined by the difference in class of Ab produced by hybridoma cells following the treatment with anti-id Ab.
Antibody Formation* ; B-Lymphocytes ; Cell Proliferation ; DNA* ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hybridomas* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphocytes

OBJECTIVE: To gain insights into structural characteristics of immunoglobulin kappa chain repertoire expressed in the inflammed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we analyzed V kappa transcirpts expressed in the synovium of a patient with longstanding RA and compared to those expressed in the PBLs of RA and normal controls. METHODS: RT-PCR was done to amplify kappa chain transcripts from RA synovial lymphocytes and the cDNA sequences were compared to those from PBL of RA patient or normal control. RESULTS: Kappa chain repertoire from RA patient's synovial lymphocytes or PBL revealed increased somatic mutation and unusually long complementarity determining region (CDR) 3 compared to normal control. CONCLUSIONS: These changes in kappa chain repertoire in RA patient are suggesting that the antibody repertoire expressed in the synovium or PBL is unique and may be related with systemic dysregulation of B cell development
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Autoimmune Diseases* ; Complementarity Determining Regions ; DNA, Complementary ; Genes, Immunoglobulin* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains ; Immunoglobulins* ; Lymphocytes ; Synovial Membrane*

Functional heavy-chain antibodies (HCAbs) lacking light chains occur naturally in camels. The variable domain of heavy chain of heavy-chain antibody is referred to VHH. The VHH gene family is homologous to human VH subgroup III. The single-domain VHH antibodies are constructed by cloning the variable domains of HCAbs. Compared to human VHs, VHH germ-line sequences contain some hallmark substitutions in framework region 2, including V37F(Y), G44 E, L45 R, W47G. The substitutions at positions 44, 45, 47 are often used to camelise the human VHs. Being a small binders, VHH antibodies are well expressed, extremely stable and very soluble. Camelised human VHs are proved to exhibit the same qualities as those of VHH antibodies. The single-domain VHH antibodies will be useful in the drug development and basic research.
Animals ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Camelus ; immunology ; metabolism ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; genetics ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region ; genetics ; Protein Engineering ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Objective: To investigate the mutational features of the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgHV) gene in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using immunophenotypic and molecular genetic methods. Methods: The laboratory results of 266 CLL patients who underwent IgHV gene examination at Sino-US diagnostics laboratory from February 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed for the IgVH mutational status and presence of specific IgVH fragments. In addition, their immunophenotypic, molecular, chromosomal karyotypic, and FISH profiles were investigated and correlated with the IgVH mutational status. Results: Among 266 patients, 172 were male and 94 were female, with a media age of 67 years (20-82 years).There were more patients with mutated IgHV (m-IgHV) than unmutated IgHV (un-IgHV) (69.2%∶30.8%). There was association of VH family and the presence of gene fragments: the overall incidence of VH families including VH3 family (142/266, 53.4%), VH4 family (75/266, 28.2%), and VH1 family (34/266, 12.8%) was about 95%, among which the proportion of VH4-34 (26/266, 9.8%), VH3-23 (25/266, 9.4%), VH3-7 (24/266, 9.0%), and VH4-39 (16/266, 6.0%) was about 35%. VH3-20 and VH3-49 only occurred in un-IgHV (P<0.05). In addition, the expression rates of CD38 (26.3% vs. 3.0%), CD79b (71.1%∶45.5%) and 11q deletion (25.5%∶5.3%) were higher in un-IgHV, and single trisomy 12 (37.9%∶5.6%) were more commonly found in m-IgHV (P<0.05). MYD88 was one of the major mutation genes in m-IgHV, while ATM had the highest mutation rate in un-IgHV. Conclusion: CLL patients have differential expression in terms of IgHV gene mutations, correlating to their immunophenotype and genetics characteristics.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics* ; Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics* ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Mutation ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics* ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND: In the early stages of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), it can be difficult to recognize minimal morphological changes in the bone marrow (BM). In particular, when the quality of the BM biopsy is poor, determining BM involvement is limited to microscopic findings on BM aspiration. In this study, we compared the results of clonal immunoglobulin (IG) gene rearrangements with BM morphology results in B-cell NHL patients who underwent BM analysis as a staging workup and evaluated the usefulness of the clonal IG gene rearrangements for staging. METHODS: Forty two B-cell NHL patients were analyzed. Clonal rearrangements of the IG heavy chain (IGH), kappa light chain (IGK) and lambda light chain (IGL) genes were detected using the IdentiClone(TM) Clonality assay (InVivoScribe Technologies, USA). Clinical characteristics and outcomes were evaluated based on the detection of monoclonal IG gene rearrangements. RESULTS: Monoclonal IG gene rearrangements were found in 9 of 42 patients (21.4%). Microscopic BM involvement was found in only 2 of 42 patients (4.8%). The monoclonality rate of IG genes in BM was correlated with clinical stage and the international prognostic index (P<0.01). Patients with monoclonal IG gene rearrangements in BM had a significantly higher relapse rate (P=0.014) and poorer overall survival at 2 yr (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Clonality analysis of BM in B-cell NHL can contribute to identification of patients with occult BM involvement with a significantly poorer overall survival despite normal BM histology.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Bone Marrow* ; Gene Rearrangement ; Genes, Immunoglobulin* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Recurrence

Almost all patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have chromosomal translocation which can result in genetic variation. There are mainly five types of chromosomal translocations, involving the IGH gene translocation to 11q13 (CCND1), 4p16 (FGFR/MMSET), 16q23 (MAF), 6p21 (CCND3) and 20q11 (MAFB). It is possible that all IGH translocations converge on a common cell cycle signal pathway. Some MM develops through a multistep transformation from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to smoldering MM (SMM) and eventually to MM and plasma cell leukemia (PCL). Similarly to what Darwin proposed in the mid-19th century-random genetic variation and natural selection in the context of limited resources, MM clonal evolution follow branching and nonlinear mode. The failure of MM treatment is usually related with the minimal subclone which is hardly found at newlydiagnosed.
Clonal Evolution ; Cyclin D1 ; Genes, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain ; Humans ; Multiple Myeloma ; genetics ; Translocation, Genetic

The differentiation between cutaneous pseudolymphomas and primary cutaneous lymphomas is often very difficult, but it is important because each of them has different therapeutic consequences. We report herein a case of cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma probably induced by frequent use of hair dye which mimicked true B-cell lymphoma histologically. Histopathologic examination revealed diffuse, extensive infiltration of atypical B cells on the first biopsy, but 2 years later, a rebiopsy revealed well defined lymphoid follicles in the upper dermis. There was no monoclonality in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. The skin lesions were resolved after one month with intra-lesional injection of triamcinolone.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Hair ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Skin ; Triamcinolone

No abstract available.
B-Lymphocytes* ; Bone Marrow* ; Genes, Immunoglobulin* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction*

The pseudolymphoma of the skin has the architectural and cytological features of a neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid tissue but pursue a benign course. Cutaneous B cell pseudolymphoma (CBPL) shares many histopathologic and clinical features with cutaneous B cell lymphoma (CBCL). Therefore, the differentiation between CBPL and CBCL is often very difficult, but it is important because each of them has a different therapeutic consequence. Recently, immunoglobulin gene rearrangement is considered as a reliable technique for differentiation of CBPL with CBCL. We herein report a case of idiopathic lymphocytoma cuffs, showing a typical nodular infiltrate of lymphocytes that formed a follicular germinal center resembling reactive lymph nodes with numerous tingible bodies, and that revealed a polyclonality in the immunoglobulin gene rearrangement.
Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Germinal Center ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Pseudolymphoma* ; Skin