Objective To analyze the sequence of microsatellite and the flanking sequence from four populations of Oncomelania hupensis. Methods We cloned 159 SSR-PCR amplification products of a commonly used primer, (CA)8RY, using O. hupensis genomie DNA as template, and sequenced 82 products Results The sequences obtained were novel O. hupensis genomic sequences but not repeat simple sequence. It was observed that 36 out of 82 clones contained microsatellites between priming sites.The flanking sequences of certain microsatellite were invariant. Both (GA/CT). and (TTAGGG/CCCAA)n were found in four populations of O. hupensis. However, (CAA)n were found only in O. hupensis from Fuqing,Fujian province and (TCTCTG), were found only in O. hupensis from Guichi,Anhui province and (GAA/TTC)n, (CAA/TTG)n, (CAT), were found only in O.hupensis from Puge,Sichuan province. Conclusion The results obtained by SSR-PCR should not be interpreted as the amplification of microsatellite loci, and analytical rules similar to those for Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA should be used. SSR-PCR could not make the most of the priority of microsatellite. It seems better to amplify the microsatellites with the primers designed on the basis of the flanking sequence.

It was difficult to prepare traditional Chinese medicine pellets due to the adverse characteristics of the herbal extract. In this study, Danshen extract (DS) powder mixed with different proportions of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), lactose and starch were made into pellets by extrusion-spheronization. Particle size, span, bulk density, tapping density, compressibility, Hausner ratio and angle of repose were used to evaluate the micromeritic properties of mixing powders. Feret diameter, aspect ratio, yield, density and friability were used to evaluate the properties of the pellets. The correlations between micromeritic properties of raw material powders and the formability of their pellets were analyzed by cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least squares regression analysis. As a result, the particle size of the powders was negatively correlated with the size, density, yield, and was positively correlated with the friability of their pellets. The span, density, compressibility and angle of repose of the powders were positively correlated with the size, density, yield, and were negatively correlated with the friability of their pellets. So there were certain correlations between the micromeritic properties of raw material powders and the properties of their pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization. This research provided a foundation for the technology and method of traditional Chinese medicine extract pellets.
Cellulose ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Implants ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Excipients ; chemistry ; Lactose ; chemistry ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry ; Starch ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo evaluate clinical outcomes of fixation for the treatment of radial head fracture with collapse of anterior articular surface.

METHODSFrom March 2006 to January 2013,17 patients with radial head fractures with collapse of anterior articular surface were analysed. According to the Mason classification, there were 12 cases with Mason type II fractures and 5 cases with Mason type III fractures. All the patients were treated with open reduction through posterolateral entrance of elbow joint and Herbert or titanium cannulated screw internal fixation.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 6 to 18 months, with a mean of 11.3 months. According to the Broberg and Morrey score system, 2 patients got an excellent result, 12 good and 3 fair. There were no complications such as infection of elbow joint, nerve injury, non-union, traumatic osteoarthritis, heterotopic ossification and elbow instability. However, the postoperative activity range of elbow in the injuried side was less than that in the normal side.

CONCLUSIONRadial head fracture with collapse of anterior articular surface is easily misdiagnosed, and it can be treated with open reduction and internal fixation through posterolateral entrance.

Adult ; Aged ; Elbow Joint ; physiopathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radius Fractures ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Range of Motion, Articular

Objective To explore the MRI finding of female normal levator ani muscle and the levator ani muscle injuries and to evaluate the correlation between childbirth and levator ani muscle injuries. Methods One hundred asymptomatic nulliparous women(control group)and 200 vaginally primiparous women(study group)were selected as the object of this study.Moreover,the study group was divided into two subgroups:group A(100 cases)with stress incontinence,group B(100 cases)without clinical symptoms.Multiplanar proton density magnetic resonance images were obtained at 0.5 cm intervals from these study individuals.All images were used to analyze the differentiation of MRI features between normal levator ani muscle and levator ani muscle injuries.Results No levator ani injuries were identified in the control group.Fifty-four primiparous women(27%)had visible injuries in their levator ani muscles,42 in group A and 12 in group B.Injuries were identified in the puborectalis muscle in 49 cases and in the iliococeygeus muscle in 5 cases(X~2=41.447,P

Objective To investigate whether there is prethrombotic state in acute viral encephalitis.Methods Von willebrand factors (VWF),granule membrane protein-140(GMP-140) and D-dimer were measured in 60 children,30 cases of them had mild acute viral encephalitis, and other 30 cases of them had severe acute viral encephalitis.Results The figures mentioned above had marked difference in children with mild acute viral encephalitis during acute and recovery stage compared with controls.Conclusions Testing the expressive rate of GMP-140 on platelet surface,plasma VWF and D-dimer can find the prethrombotic state immediately. GMP-140,VWF and D-dimer in estimating the severe extent of disease and the prognosis play a major role. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2004,19(6):501-503

With the content of gallic acid, loganin, paeoniflorin and paeonol as the indexes, to screen out dissolution determination conditions, establish the dissolution determination method for multi-index components in Liuwei Dihuang concentrated pills, calculate and map the accumulative dissolution curve, and then compare the dissolution of products from different pharmaceutical factories through the similarity factor (f2). According to the results, the optimum dissolution determination conditions were the paddle method, with 250 mL 0.1 mol x L(-1) hydrochloric acid as the dissolution medium, and a rotation rate of 100 r x min(-1). The similarity factor values (f2) of the dissolution curves of the four main components of Liuwei Dihuang concentrated pills from different pharmaceutical factories were mostly less than 50. This demonstrated a significant difference in the dissolution of Liuwei Dihuang concentrated pills from different pharmaceutical factories, and provided scientific basis for improving the equality evaluation of Liuwei Dihuang concentrated pills.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Humans ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; Quality Control ; Solvents ; chemistry

Genotypic and environmental variation in Cd, Cr, As, Ni and Pb concentrations of grains, and the relationships between these heavy metals and Fe, Zn were investigated using 9 rice genotypes grown in 6 locations for two successive years. Significant genotypic variation was detected in the five heavy metal concentrations in grains, indicating the possibility to reduce the concentration of these heavy metals in grains through breeding approach. The environmental effect varied with metal, with Pb and Ni having greater variation than the other three metals. There was significant genotype-environment (location) interaction of the concentrations of all five heavy metals in grains, suggesting the importance of cultivar choice in producing rice with low heavy metal concentrations in grains for a given location. Correlation analysis showed that Cd and As, Cr and Ni, and As and Pb concentrations in rice grains were closely associated, and that Ni concentration in grains was negatively correlated with Zn concentration.
Arsenic ; analysis ; Cadmium ; analysis ; Chromium ; analysis ; Edible Grain ; chemistry ; genetics ; Environment ; Genetic Variation ; genetics ; Genotype ; Lead ; analysis ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; Nickel ; analysis ; Oryza ; chemistry ; genetics ; Soil Pollutants ; analysis

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cause of Death ; Child ; Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis ; complications ; epidemiology ; Pneumonia ; complications ; epidemiology

The impact of key physical properties on granulated products by the high-speed mixing wet method was studied. Andrographis extracts were utilized as the model drug. Four processing methods were adopted to prepare mixed powder of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and starch with the mass ratio 1:0.5, 1:1 and 1:2 by the high-speed mixing wet method. The properties of the prepared granules were evaluated with such indexes as granule yield, the ratio of lumps and fine powder, granule-AOR and granule-HR. The impact of key physical properties on granulated products was analyzed through stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that angle of repose, moisture content, pore volume, density and contact angle with water were key physical properties of the powder. The key physical properties of Chinese medical extracts powder are the important factor impacting granulated products made by the high-speed mixing wet method. In this study, the impact of key physical properties on granulated products of Chinese medical extracts was analyzed from the physical angle.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Particle Size ; Powders ; chemistry