The quality of Chinese medicinal materials relates greatly to the clinical curative effect and security. In order to ensure the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials, a systematic and operable traceability system needs to be established. It can realize the whole process of quality and safety management of Chinese medicinal materials "from production to consumption" through recording and inquiring information and recalling defective products, which is an important direction for the future development of traditional Chinese medicine. But it is still at the exploration and trial stage. In this paper, a framework of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and safety traceability system was established on the basis of the domestic and international experience about the construction of food and agricultural products traceability systems. The relationship between traceability system of Chinese medicinal materials' quality and GAP, GMP, GSP was analyzed, and the possible problems and the corresponding solutions were discussed.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards ; Quality Control

To study the chemical constituents of K. oblongifolia, silica gel column chromatography, MCI and Sephadex LH-20 were used to separate the 70% acetone extract of the stems of K. oblongifolia. The structures of the isolated compounds have been established on the basis of physicochemical and NMR spectroscopic evidence as well as ESI-MS in some cases. Twenty compounds were obtained and identified as heteroclitalignan A (1), kadsulignan F (2), kadoblongifolin C (3), schizanrin F (4), heteroclitalignan C (5), kadsurarin (6), kadsulignan O (7), eburicol (8), meso-dihydroguaiaretic acid (9), kadsufolin A (10), tiegusanin M (11), heteroclitin B (12), (7'S)-parabenzlactone (13), angeloylbinankadsurin B (14), propinquain H (15), quercetin (16), kadsulignan P (17), schizanrin G (18), micrandilactone C (19) and (-)-shikimic acid (20). Compouds 1, 5, 8, 11-15, 18 and 20 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Toxicity of compounds 1-10 were evaluated with zebrafish model to observe the effect on its embryonic development and heart function. The results showed that compounds 7, 9 and 10 caused edema of zebrafish embryo and decreased the heart rate of zebrafish, which exhibited interference effect on heart development of zebrafish.
Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian ; drug effects ; Guaiacol ; analogs & derivatives ; toxicity ; Kadsura ; chemistry ; Lignans ; toxicity ; Plant Extracts ; toxicity ; Quercetin ; toxicity ; Triterpenes ; toxicity ; Zebrafish ; embryology

The aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effect of Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan on acute T lymphoblast leukemia cell line Jurkat cells and its mechanism. Jurkat cells were treated with Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan of various concentrations (0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg/ml) for 24h. The inhibitory ratio was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8. The effects of Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan on apoptosis of Jurkat cells were determined by Hoechst 33258, PI and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The mitochondrial membrane potential was analyzed by JC-1 staining. The results demonstrated that Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan inhibited the proliferation of Jurkat cells, and induced chromatin condensation and fragmentation (characteristic of apoptosis) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. In conclusion, Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan can inhibit the cell proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells. These effects relate to loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that Coix lachrymajobi L varma-yuan may be of value in treating lymphoma.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Coix ; chemistry ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Plant Oils ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), a member of the TNF superfamily, and to analyze TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells.

METHODSExpression of TRAIL receptors (DR4 and DR5) was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Cytotoxic effects were determined by colony formation assay and a cell counting kit. The effects of recombinant TRAIL on apoptosis of Jurkat cells were determined by DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder) and PI staining. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were detected with JC-1 fluorescence.

RESULTSTRAIL inhibited the proliferation and induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation (characteristic of apoptosis) and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential.

CONCLUSIONRecombinant soluble TRAIL can be used as a therapy for cancer.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Fluorescence ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Membrane Potentials ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Solubility ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; pharmacology

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of highway transportation on the quality of blood components so as to provide experimental basis to meet the needs of military operations. The transport condition was simulated by random vibration test. The red blood cells, leukocyte-reduced red blood cells, washed red blood cells were randomly vibrated (C Road) for 4 hours. Then, these blood components were stored in refrigerator for 15 days (4 degrees C). Six milliliters of blood were collected before vibration, after vibration, and at day 15 days of storage after vibration, respectively. The suspension was isolated. The free hemoglobin (FHb), routine hematological parameters, and biochemical indexes were determined. The results showed that FHb, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), K(+) of red blood cells and leukocyte-reduced red blood cells did not significantly change after vibration and storage. However, FHb, LDH and K(+) of washed red blood cells increased significantly after simulated transportation (p < 0.05). The levels of these parameters at day 15 of storage after vibration were also significantly higher than those after vibration (p < 0.01). The changes of other hematological parameters were not significant in three blood components after vibration (C Road) and storage for 15 day. In conclusion, red blood cells and leukocyte-reduced red blood cells were qualified for clinic transfusion even after transportation within 4 hours for 15 day storage later, if they were kept in proper blood container and protected from damping. However, the washed red blood cells could not be used for clinic after similar transport in the military operations.
Blood Preservation ; Cryopreservation ; Erythrocytes ; chemistry ; Humans ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Transportation ; Vibration

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis of triptolide on Jurkat cell line in acute T lymphocytic leukemia. The Jurkat cells were treated with various concentrations of triptolide (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 microg/L) for 12 hours. The inhibitory ratio was measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The effects of triptolide on apoptosis of Jurkat cells were determined by DNA fragmentation (DNA ladder), Hoechst 33258, PI and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The results demonstrated that triptolide inhibited the proliferation of Jurket cells. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) was 4.0 microg/L. Chromatin condensation in the cells treated with triptolide could be seen by light microscopy. DNA electrophoresis showed evidence of nuclear fragmentation (DNA ladder). The hypoploid (sub-G(1)) population was increased after treatment with triptolide. The translocation of phosphatidylserine at the outer surface of the cell plasma membrane could be induced by triptolide. After treatment with triptolide for 12 hours, the rates of apoptotic cells were significantly increased. Moreover, these pro-apoptosis effects were in time-dependent manner. It is concluded that triptolide can inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells. This study provides experimental basis for clinical use of triptolide in leukemia therapy.
Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Jurkat Cells ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology

Objective To study the changes in red blood cells(RBCs),hemoglobin(Hb),hematocrit(HCT),mean corpuscular volume(MCV),RBC distribution width variation coefficient(RDW-CV)and RBC distribution width standard deviation(RDW-SD)of leukocyte-poor red blood cells preserved in navy ship force on a long voyage.Methods According to the Requirement of Health Examination for Blood Donors(GB 18467 -2011),red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced were randomly collected from ten healthy voluntary blood donors one day before sailing.Each blood sample was preserved.The relevant parameters were detected as data before sailing.Each blood sample was divided into two parts,one in test group and the other in control group.Samples were taken from the two groups of leukocyte-poor red blood cells for the sampling detection after 21 days of sailing respectively.Results ①After sailing, the concentrations of RBCs and Hb declined in both groups,and the difference of RBC concentrations was not significant(P=0.319),but that of the concentrations of Hb was significant(P=0.002).②After sailing, the concentrations of HCT and MCV increased, but the change of HCT was significant(P=0.015),while that of MCV was insignificant(P=0.051).③After sailing,the concentrations of RDW-SD and RDW-CV were higher,but the change of RDW-SD was significant(P<0.001),while that of RDW-CV was not(P=0.528).Conclusion When leukocyte-poor red blood cells are preserved in navy ship force,the concentrations of RBC and Hb decrease,while the concentrations of HCT,MCV,RDW-SD and RDW-CV increase with the prolongation of preservation.A long voyage has some impact on the parameters of red blood cells in additive solution leukocytes reduced,as is the case with the conventional blood storage refrigerator(4 ±2)℃.

Objective To explore the influence on and changes in the biochemical indices of red blood cells(RBCs)in additive solution leukocytes reduced preserved in navy ship force on a long voyage.Methods According to the Requirement of Health Examination for Blood Donors(GB 18467 -2011),RBCs in additive solution leukocytes reduced were prepared from 10 healthy voluntary blood donators one day before sailing.Each blood sample was divided into two parts,one in test group and another in control group.All the groups had samples taken for the biochemical index detection after 1,3,5,7,14 and 21 days of sailing respectively.Results ①The change in total protein(P=0.235)and albumin (P=0.119)concentration was not obvious,and the difference between the two groups was not significant.②The change in total creatinine(P=0.001)and uric acid(P=0.001)concentration was obvious, but the difference between the two groups was not significant.③The change in total cholesterol(P=0.354)concentration was not obvious,but the change in triglycerides(P=0.005)concentration was significant.The difference between the two groups was not significant.④The concentration of lactate dehydrogenase, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase increased with the time of preservation(P<0.001).The difference between the two groups was not significant.⑤The interaction between grouping effect and time effect had no significant influence on the concentration of osmolarity(OSM)(P=0.968)and glucose(Glu) (P=0.406).Between the two groups,the difference of concentrations of OSM(P=0.569)and Glu(P=0.115)was not significant.Conclusion Under the 4 class sea conditions, a long voyage has some impact on the storage of RBCs in additive solution leukocytes reduced,as in the conventional blood storage refrigerator(4 ±2)℃.The results of this study have important clinical implications for our further study of marine blood support.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of nipple-areola complex (NAG) involvement in stage I - II a breast cancer patients who underwent skin-sparing mastectomy and to determine the associated risk factors, to provide a theoretical basis for modified radical mastectomy preserving NAC and breast reconstruction in early stage breast cancer patients.

METHODSA total of 68 women with primary breast cancer were included in this study. The following associated risk factors of NAC involvement were assessed and compared with those of non-involvement: the distance from the tumor site to the edge of areola (D), axillary lymph node status, over-expression of HER-2/neu, location of tumor, TNM stage, abnormal nipple (nipple indentation, erosion, discharge), tumor size, age, histological type, as well as status of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), by Chi-square test.

RESULTSThe positive rate of NAG involvement was 13.2%. It decreased with an increase in the distance from the tumor site to the edge of the areola (D) (chi2 = 10.68, P <0.01)), and higher incidence of NAG involvement was found in patients with axillary lymph node metastasis (chi2 = 14. 61, P < 0.01) and over-expression of HER-2/neu (chi2 =6.83, P <0.01). Location of tumor (P <0.01), TNM stage (chi2 =3.85, P <0.05), abnormal nipple (chi2 = 11.65, P<0.01), and tumor size (chi2 =4.13, P <0.05) also had influence on the NAG involvement. No significant correlation between NAC involvement and age (P > 0.05)), histological type (chi2 = 0.07, P > 0.05)), as well as status of estrogen receptor (ER) (chi2 = 0.06, P > 0.05) and progesterone receptor (PR) (chi2 = 0.04, P > 0.05) was found. Most of the NAG involvement was caused by ductal infiltration.

CONCLUSIONIn the stage I - II a breast cancer patients, location of tumor, TNM stage, the distance from the tumor site to the edge of areola (D), abnormal nipple, over-expression of HER-2 and metastases in axillary lymph nodes are the primary influential factors of NAG involvement.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Mammaplasty ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nipples ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptor, ErbB-2 ; metabolism ; Receptors, Estrogen ; metabolism ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; Tumor Burden

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feeding patterns of infants in Huining County, Gansu Province, an economically undeveloped county in China, so as to provide scientific evidence for nutritional intervention.

METHODSBy cluster sampling based on the area distribution and the economic state, 437 children from 7 different areas in Huining County, Gansu Province were enrolled. A questionnaire on the feeding patterns within 24 months of age was completed by the caregivers. The addition of nutrient supplements (calcium, zinc, ferri, vitamin AD, etc.) during the last year was investigated using the food frequency questionnaires.

RESULTSThe average percentages of breast feeding, mixed feeding and artificial feeding were 45.3%, 40.5% and 14.2% respectively. Delayed introduction of complementary food was the most common. Formula powder was added earliest, at age of 6.4 months. The meats were added latest, at age of 17.2 months. Only 66.8% of infants received an addition of complementary food at age of 4-6 months. Grains, vegetables, fruits and eggs were common complementary additional diets, but fishes and shrimps were seldom provided. The proportion of nutrient supplement use was low. The choice of nutrient supplements in urban districts mainly depended on the physicians' suggestions, but in rural area it depended on the caregivers' experience and media advertisements.

CONCLUSIONSThe feeding patterns for the infants are not reasonable in Huining County, Gansu Province. It is important to provide nutritional education and reasonable feeding program for caregivers from economically undeveloped areas.

Breast Feeding ; Dietary Supplements ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Infant, Newborn ; Male