PURPOSE: Predicting the change in breast size for a specific patient's need is a challenging problem in breast augmentation. We intended to investigate the post-augmentation degree of breast size according to the size of cohesive silicone gel implant. METHODS: To predict post-augmentation breast size, we measured 100 patients' pre-and postoperative 3 month's bust circumference. All patients were performed by total subfascial breast augmentation with moderate profile cohesive silicone gel implant through areolar omega (transareolar-perinipple) incision. RESULTS: According to this study, each additional one pair of 100mL in implant size yielded an approximate 1.5cm increase in bust circumference(p=0.006). CONCLUSION: From this result, we conclude that each additional one pair of 100mL in implant volume yielded about 1.5cm increase in bust circumference. Although this result may not be applied to every patient, we believe that it yields a practical chart that can help to predict the amount of increase in breast size with the use of cohesive silicone gel implant of a specific size preoperatively.
Breast ; Humans ; Silicone Gels

Gel erythromycin 4% (type 10g) was compounded in 3 lot at Pharmacy Department of the School of Medicine and Pharmacy Can Tho. The method: Carring out test on 3 lot of product aim to build the criteria, each lot was tested minimum 3 times for criteria including apperance, vicosity, pH, particulate matter, weight uniformity, identification and assay. The result: The draft of test criteria for gel erythromycin was buitt to contribute introduce this subject into phamacopoeia. Additionaly, quantitative determination of erythromycin in the gel product was carried out by microbiological method
Erythromycin ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Gels

No abstract available.
Fungi ; Silicone Gels

No abstract available.
Gels* ; Lipopolysaccharides* ; Silver* ; Sodium*

BACKGROUND: A variety of hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers demonstrate unique physical characteristics, which affect the quality of the HA filler products. The critical factors that affect the degradation of HA gels have not yet been determined. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to determine the characteristics of HA gels that affect their resistance to the degradation caused by radicals and enzymes. METHODS: Three types of HA fillers for repairing deep wrinkles, Juvederm Ultra Plus (J-U), Restylane Perlane (Perlane), and Cleviel, were tested in this study. The resistance of these HA fillers to enzymatic degradation was measured by carbazole and displacement assays using hyaluronidase as the enzyme. The resistance of these fillers to radical degradation was measured by the displacement assay using H2O2. RESULTS: Different tests for evaluating the degradation resistance of HA gels can yield different results. The filler most susceptible to enzymatic degradation was J-U, followed by Perlane and Cleviel. The HA filler showing the highest degree of degradation caused by H2O2 treatment was Perlane, followed by J-U, and then Cleviel. Cleviel showed higher enzymatic and radical resistances than J-U and Perlane did. Furthermore, it exhibited the highest resistance to heat and the lowest swelling ratio among all the fillers that were examined. CONCLUSION: The main factor determining the degradation of HA particles is the gel swelling ratio, which is related to the particle structure of the gel. Our in vitro assays suggest that the decrease in the swelling ratio will lead to a retarding effect on the degradation of HA fillers.
Gels ; Hot Temperature ; Hyaluronic Acid* ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase

The main purpose of this study was to develop a novel, in situ gel system for sustained delivery of ranitidine hydrochloride. Ranitidine in situ gels at 0.2%, 0.5%, and 1.0% gellan gum concentration (w/v) were prepared, respectively, and characterized in terms of preparation, viscosity and in vitro release. The viscosity of the gellan gum formulations in solution increased with increasing concentrations of gellan gum. In vitro study showed that the release of ranitidine from these gels was characterized by an initial phase of high release (burst effect) and translated to the second phase of moderate release. Single photon emission computing tomography technique was used to evaluate the stomach residence time of gel containing 99mTc tracer. The animal experiment suggested in situ gel had feasibility of forming gels in stomach and sustained the ranitidine release from the gels over the period of at least 8 h. In conclusion, the in situ gel system is a promising approach for the oral delivery of ranitidine for the therapeutic effects improvement.
Animal Experimentation ; Gels ; Gingiva ; Ranitidine* ; Stomach ; Viscosity

The HUMACTBP2 locus was investigated to collect population genetic data in the Korean population and to evaluate the applicability for the forensic field. An Automatic fluorescent-based sequencer (377 automatic DNA sequencer, ABI) was used to detect amplified fragments of the HUMACTBP2 locus electrophoresed on 4% denaturing polyacrylamide sequencing gels. ACTBP2 allelic ladder consisting of different sizes of 18 alleles was constructed and employed as an internal size standard in combination with a GS-350 size standard for precision of allele-band sizing. By utilizing different fluorescent dyes, both the allelic ladders and samples were able to be analyzed in the same lane by 99% orecision of allele-band sizing. Among the Korean population (n=224), 26 alleles in the range of 239-313 bp are determined. allele No. 6 is found 45 times (0.100) which is mostly frequent, and the rest of allele is distributed with their relative frequency of 0.002-0.100. The comparison between observed and expected numbers of homozygous and heterozygous individuals confirms that ACTBP2 locus is in the state of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium among the Korean population. The heterozygosity is 0.9389+/-0.0034(93.89%), and the power of discrimination(PD) and power of exclusion(PEX) are calculated to be 0.991(99.1%)and 0.890(89.0%), respectively, showing the high informativeness for individual identification. Thus, these results mean that the HUMACTBP2 locus can effectively be used for the forensic application.
Alleles ; DNA ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Gels ; Genetic Variation*

No abstract available.
Female ; Mammaplasty* ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Rupture* ; Silicone Gels*

Keloids are benign fibrcus growths which extend beyond the original wound and rarely regress. Available methods of treatment include surgical excision, radiotherapy, intralesional steroid injection, cryotherapy, systemie. chemotherapy, zinc tape strapping, pressure, silicon gel and combined therapy. Postoperative irradiation is a useful and effective method of eradication or prevent.ion of keloid. We describe two cases of the prevention of keloids associated with postoperative irradiation.
Cryotherapy ; Drug Therapy ; Keloid* ; Radiotherapy ; Silicone Gels ; Wounds and Injuries ; Zinc

Diverse developments in the field of tissue engineering have stimulated much research on tissue production. However, studies on fat tissue still remain insufficient. The purpose of this study is to examine if alginate gel and collagen gel can be used as a three-dimensional scaffold for the culture of preadipocytes, and if these gels can induce preadipocytes to differentiate into mature adipocytes. The preadipocytes harvested from rat epididymal fat pads were three-dimensionally cultured in 1%, 2% alginate gel and collagen gel for 14 days. The morphology, number, and activity of preadipocytes were examined during the experimental period. The results were as follows; 1. The preadipocytes of monolayer culture were spindle shape with rich cytoplasm. The preadipocytes of collagen gel were multipolar or star-like in shape and there was no oil-red 0 stained cell until 14 days. However, the preadipocytes in alginate gel were round and some of cells transformed into mature fat cells which were stained by oil-red 0 after 14 days. 2. The number of preadipocytes in collagen gel continuously increased for 14 days, and significantly increased compared to that of preadipocytes in monolayer culture after 7 days. However, the number of preadipocytes in alginate gel significantly decreased compared to that of preadipocytes in monolayer culture and collagen gel for 14 days, and there was no difference between 1% and 2% alginate gel groups in the number of preadipocytes. 3. The activity of preadipocytes in collagen gel was decreased until 7 days, but not significantly different after 10 days, when compared with that of preadipocytes in monolayer culture. And the activity of preadipocytes in alginate gel was decreased than that of preadipocytes in monolayer culture until 10 days, was higher than that of preadipocytes in collagen gel until 7 days, but was not significantly different compared with that of preadipocytes in monolayer culture and collagen gel on the 14th day. There was no difference between 1% and 2% alginate gel groups in activity of preadipocytes for 14 days. The results suggest that collagen gel are adequate three-dimensional scaffolds in which the proliferation of preadipocytes can be induced, and that alginate gel can be used as a three-dimensional scaffold that has the ability to induce differentiation of preadipocyte although the proliferation of preadipocytes is inhibited.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Collagen* ; Cytoplasm ; Gels* ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering