Novel dosage forms emerges more and more in recent years. One of them is liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, which adopt gelatin or the hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as capsule shell. The liquid-filled hard gelatin capsule is increasingly getting attention because of its new-concept dosage form design, which deliver liquid drugs by solid form. The paper mainly introduces application, pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality assessment, prospect of liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules, and focuses on the application and pharmaceutical manufacturing (preparation) of liquid-filled capsule. It is suggested that the capsule is suitable for various liquid or semi-solid natural plant extract and achieve different release profiles. The preparation adopted liquid-filled hard capsules technology. The influence factors concluded property of shell and device of filling. The quality was often evaluated by moisture content of capsule shell, dissolution rate etc. At the same time, it was pointed out that the new dosage form has remarkable marketing prospect and bring profits for enterprises.
Capsules ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gelatin ; chemistry

Wound repair is a common clinical problem, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and also brings a heavy burden to the society. Hydrogel-based multifunctional dressing has shown strong potential in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. In addition to its good histocompatibility, cell adhesion, and biodegradability, methacrylic anhydride gelatin (GelMA) hydrogel has also attracted much attention due to its low cost, mild reaction conditions, adjustable physicochemical properties, and wide clinical applications. In this paper, the characteristics of GelMA hydrogel and its research progress in wound repair are introduced, and the future development of multifunctional GelMA hydrogel dressing for wound treatment is prospected.
Humans ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Hydrogels ; Anhydrides ; Quality of Life ; Methacrylates/chemistry*

Cervi Colla, deer's gelatin, had two kinds of original sources historically, including the skin and antler of deer, known as Cervi Corii Colla(Lupijiao, LPJ) and Cervi Cornus Colla(Lujiaojiao, LJJ) respectively.LJJ is the mainstream of the market, while LPJ is only used by common people in Guizhou and Jilin etc. This article sorted out the ancient and modern literature(since Rites of the Zhou in Zhou Dynasty) on Cervi Colla and conducted the herbalogical study. The results of the study include:① In ancient China, there were six types of commonly-used Colla derived from six animals, including deer, horse, cow, rat, fish and rhinoceros. Cervi Colla was ranked the most top among them, and it was often used as adhesive to make bow and Chinese inksticks and more commonly used as a medicine.Cervi Cornus Colla was first described as a medicinal by the name "Bai Jiao"(white gelatin)in The Divine Husbandman's Classic of Material Medica(Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing).② Initially, both the skin and antler were used as raw materials to make Cervi Colla, but antler became the only raw material, and deer skin disappeared from the mainstream of raw materials for Cervi Colla. This can be attributed to other diverse and luxurious uses of the skin, such as making dress and hats, etc., and the easy accessibility of deer antlers. ③ The sources of Cervi Colla were not limited to Cervus elaphus(red deer) or C. nippon(sika deer), and it also included animal from the family Cervidae, such as Elaphurus davidianus(elk) and C. unicolor(sambar). ④ The processing method was passed down from ancient times to the present, and no significant changes had occurred. ⑤ LPJ and LJJ had many similar effects, and their nature was both warm. The effect of LJJ was to warm the liver and kidney, replenish vital essence and blood, and to reinforce Yang. While the effect of LPJ was to reinforce both Yin and Yang, replenish blood, and stop bleeding. It has a unique advantage for both reinforcing Yin and Yang. The findings of this paper can provide support for the promotion of LPJ and the development of its medicinal value.
Animals ; Antlers/chemistry* ; China ; Deer ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Materia Medica/chemistry* ; Skin/chemistry*

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of the gelatin (Gt)/(polycaprolactam) PCL composite nanofiber scaffold on wound healing of full-thickness defect in rabbits.

METHODSSixteen rabbits were inflicted with full-thickness skin open wounds on the back, and they were divided into A group (with treatment of Gt/PCL nanofiber membrane, 8 wounds), B group (with treatment of PCL fiber membrane, 8 wounds), and C group (with treatment of vaseline gauze, 8 wounds), the wounds in A , B groups served as self controls. Wound healing time was recorded. Wound healing rates were calculated on 3, 7, 10 post operation day (POD). Wound specimens and their adjacent skin were examined histologically on 3, 7, and 10 POD.

RESULTSThere was obvious difference in wound healing time among A, B, C groups, and they were (18.2 +/- 1.3) d, (20.3 +/- 1.1) d, (22.0 +/- 0.6) d, respectively. Wound healing rate in A group was obviously higher than that in B, C group on 3, 7, 10 POD (P < 0.05). Compared with those in other groups, the proliferation of granulation tissue in dermis in A group was less, the epidermal cells were proliferated quickly, and collagen was arranged regularly.

CONCLUSIONGt/PCL composite nanofiber membrane can promote wound healing of full-thickness skin defect in rabbits, which is an ideal material for tissue engineering.

Animals ; Caprolactam ; chemistry ; Disease Models, Animal ; Gelatin ; chemistry ; Nanocomposites ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Wound Healing

Gelatin microspheres were discussed as a scaffold material for bone tissue engineering, with the advantages of its porosity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and biosafety highlighted. This review discusses how bone regeneration is aided by the three fundamental components of bone tissue engineering-seed cells, bioactive substances, and scaffold materials-and how gelatin microspheres can be employed for in vitro seed cell cultivation to ensure efficient expansion. This review also points out that gelatin microspheres are advantageous as drug delivery systems because of their multifunctional nature, which slows drug release and improves overall effectiveness. Although gelatin microspheres are useful for bone tissue creation, the scaffolds that take into account their porous structure and mechanical characteristics might be difficult to be created. This review then discusses typical techniques for creating gelatin microspheres, their recent application in bone tissue engineering, as well as possible future research directions.
Tissue Engineering/methods* ; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry* ; Gelatin/chemistry* ; Microspheres ; Bone and Bones ; Porosity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of gelatin particle (GP) size and gelatin/calcium phosphate cement (GP/CPC) ratio on repairing potency of comparison artificial bone material.

METHODSComposite GP/CPC materials with different GP size (100~200 μm vs. 200~300 μm) and ratio(5% vs. 10%) were prepared. Physiochemical and biological properties, including porosity, resistance to compression, ultrastructure and biocompatibility were compared among 4 groups of GP/CPC materials. Different GP/CPC materials were used to repair the critical-size cranial bone defect in rabbit model, and the histology and newly formed bone inside scaffolds (nBIS) were examined and compared among different groups.

RESULTSGP/CPC with GP of 200~300 μm possessed larger micropores than that with GP of 100~200 μm (P<0.05). The GP/CPC containing 10% GP had higher porosity than that containing 5% GP (P<0.05). The animal model study showed that more new bone formed in those defects filled with GP/CPC containing 10% GP with 200~300 μm in size compared with GP/CPC containing 5% GP with 100~200 μm in size (P<0.05). While GP/CPC containing 5% GP with 100~200 μm in size showed a higher level of resistance to compression.

CONCLUSIONBoth the particle size of GP and its ratio in the GP/CPC affect the properties of the composite biomaterials and their role in bone repairing. In particular, the GP/CPC containing 10% GP with 200~300 μm in size is most suitable for repairing critical-size cranial bone defect in animal model.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Cements ; chemistry ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Gelatin ; chemistry ; Osteogenesis ; Particle Size ; Porosity ; Rabbits ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVETo develop a novel porous poly lactic-acid(PLA)/bone matrix gelatin (BMG) bioactive composite biomaterial with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and determine the optimal proportion of the ingredients by evaluating the physical and chemical characteristics and cellular compatibility of the composites.

METHODSThe PLA/BMG composite biomaterials with various PLA/BMG proportions were prepared with SC-CO2 technique and evaluated by macroscopic observation, porosity and mechanical assessment, and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). The optimal proportion of PLA/BMG was determined in conjunction with the results of cellular compatibility evaluation.

RESULTSBMG proportion in BLA/BMG composite biomaterials prepared with SC-CO2 technique was positively associated with the cellular compatibility and porosity, and inversely with the mechanics of the prepared composite. The results showed BMG content of 30% in PLA/BMG composite was optimal.

CONCLUSIONThe composite with PLA and BMG proportion of 7:3 possesses good physical and chemical characteristics and cellular compatibility, suggesting its potential as the bone implant biomaterial and bone-tissue engineering scaffold.

Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; Bone Matrix ; chemistry ; Bone Substitutes ; chemistry ; Gelatin ; chemistry ; Humans ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Polyesters ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Rats ; Tissue Engineering ; methods ; Tissue Scaffolds

OBJECTIVE: Arterial stenosis is a major obstacle for subsequent interventional procedures. We hypothesized that the stenosis is caused by gelatin sponge embolization and performed an experimental study in a rabbit renal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 rabbits were embolized with porcine gelatin sponge particles injected into the renal arteries. Four rabbits were sacrificed on 1 day, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks after embolization. Microscopic evaluations were performed on hematoxylin-eosin and smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical stained sections. RESULTS: Gelatin sponge particles were mainly observed in the segmental and interlobar arteries. Transmural inflammation of the embolized arterial wall and mild thickening of the media were observed 1 week after embolization. Resorption of the gelatin sponge and organization of thrombus accompanied by foreign body reactions, were observed from 2 to 4 weeks after embolization. Microscopic images of the 3 weeks group showed vessel lumens filled mostly with organized thrombi, resulting in severe stenosis. Additionally, vessels showed a thickened intima that contained migrating smooth muscle cells and accompanying interruption of the internal elastic lamina. The migrating smooth muscle cells were distributed around the recanalized arterial lumen. CONCLUSION: Gelatin sponge embolization may induce arterial stenosis by causing organized thrombus and intimal hyperplasia, which consists of migrating smooth muscle cells and intimal collagen deposits.
Animals ; Constriction, Pathologic/*etiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Embolization, Therapeutic/*adverse effects ; Gelatin ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable/*chemistry ; Kidney/*blood supply ; Male ; Porifera ; Rabbits ; Renal Artery/*pathology/radiography ; Swine

In order to investigate the effects of HA whisker and carboxymethyl chitosan-gelatin(CMC-Gel) on the mechanical properties of porous calcium phosphate cement, a series of alpha-tricalcium phosphate (alpha-TCP), HA whisker and L-sodium glutamate porogen with different mass fractions were mixed, and setting liquid was added to them to prepare alpha-TCP/HA whisker composite porous bone cement. Then, the cement was immersed in a series of CMC-Gel solutions which had different weight ratios of CMC to Gel to prepare alpha-TCP/HA whisker/CMC-Gel composite porous bone cement. The compressive strengths and microstructure of cement were characterized by mechanical testing machine and SEM. The results showed that when the mass fraction of HA whisker is 4%, the compressive strength of alpha-TCP/HA whisker composite porous bone cement reaches 2.57MPa, which is 1.81 times that of alpha-TCP bone cement. When the weight ratio of CMC to Gel is 50:50, the compressive strength of alpha-TCP/HA whisker/CMC-Gel composite porous bone cement is 3. 34MPa, which is 2.35 times that of alpha-TCP bone cement, and the toughness of the composite cement is greatly improved as well.
Biocompatible Materials ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bone Cements ; chemical synthesis ; Calcium Phosphates ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Compressive Strength ; Gelatin ; chemistry ; Hydroxyapatites ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Porosity

AIMTo investigate the preparation, shape and ultrasound triggered release characteristics of gelatin nanogel modified with fluoride anion.

METHODSAdriamycin gelatin nanogel modified with fluoride anion (ADM-FMNG) was prepared by co-precipitation with fluoride anion. The content and encapsulation rate of adriamycin were measured by HPLC method. The size and shape of ADM-FMNG were determined by electron microscope. The size and distribution of ADM-FDNG before and after sonication were measured by laser size analysis device.

RESULTSThe average diameter of ADM-FMNG was (46 +/- 12) nm. Adriamycin encapsulated rate and loading were 87.2% and 0.091 g x L(-1), respectively. 48.5% of adriamycin was released within 50 h while in vitro at 37 degrees C. Under the action of ultrasound that has the frequency of 20 kHz, 0.4 W x cm(-2) of power density and 7-8 min duration, 51. 5% of adriamycin in ADM-FMNG was released that was significantly higher than control group, the size of ADM-FMNG was changed from (46 +/- 12) nm to (1,212 +/- 35) nm and restored after ultrasound stopped for 3-4 min.

CONCLUSIONADM-FDNG system has the sensitive ultrasound triggered release characteristics.

Doxorubicin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Fluorides ; Gelatin ; Nanoparticles ; Particle Size ; Polyethylene Glycols ; chemistry ; Polyethyleneimine ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics