Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of escitalopram on the expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) in hippocampus of depression model rats.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:control group(group A),control + escitalopram group (group B),depressive group (group C),and depressive + escitalopram group (group D).Chronic mild unpredicted stress (CUMS)with solitary condition was taken to establish rat depression model.And the group B and D were treated with intragastric admistration of escitalopram(10 mg · kg-1 · d-1),the group A and C with sodium chloride.The open-field test and sucrose consumption were used to evaluate the depression behaviors of rats.The apoptotic hippocampal cells were detected by TUNEL.And the expression of GDNF,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase3 mRNA were detected by real-time RT-PCR.Results ① Compared with group A(12.0 ± 1.83),the number of apoptotic cells in hippocampus was significantly increased in group C (19.3 ± 1.77) (P ＜ 0.01),while group B (11.9 ± 1.91) was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).Compared with group C,the group D(12.7 ± 1.77) had a significant reduction in the number of apoptotic cells (P ＜ 0.01).②Compared with group A,GDNF and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was decreased (P ＜ 0.01),but Bax and Caspase3 mRNA expression was both increased significantly in group C(P＜0.01) ;while in group D,GDNF and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was higher (P ＜0.01),but Bax and Caspase3 mRNA expression was lower than that in group C (P ＜0.01).Conclusion Escitalopram can improve depressive behaviors and reduce hippocampal apoptosis,which maybe associate with increasing GDNF protein and mRNA expression,and promoting the regeneration of neurons,up-regulating of mRNA Bcl-2 expression,and down-regulating of mRNA Bax and Caspase3 expression.Finally it may prevent the neuronal apoptosis in hippocampal and play the role of cerebral protection.

Objective To observe the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy on reducing the side effects of malignant tumor chemotherapy. Methods Eighty cancer patients in Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of PLA General Hospital from January 2015 to March 2017 were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by using random number table method, each group contained 40 cases. The patients in the treatment group were given Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy, while the control group used chemotherapy only. Results The incidence of WBC and Plt reduction in the treatment group [35.0 % (14/40), 32.5 % (13/40)] was lower than those in the control group [70.0 % (28/40), 57.5 % (23/40)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ 2= 9.825, P = 0.002;χ2=5.051, P=0.025). The incidence rates of digestive tract reaction and oral ulcers[52.5 %(21/40), 32.5 % (13/40)]were lower than those in the control group[75.0 %(30/40), 60.0 %(24/40)], and the differences were statistically significant (χ2= 4.381, P = 0.036; χ2= 6.084, P = 0.014). The quality of life in the treatment group was significantly improved compared with the control group [(51.4 ±5.1) points vs. (48.3±5.5) points], and the difference was statistically significant(t =2.595,P =0.011). Conclusions Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy can reduce chemotherapy-induced side effects and improve the life quality of the patients.The injection can be used as the adjuvant therapy for chemotherapy in clinic application.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism by which aucubin improved attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) induced by maternal exposure to S-ketamine and GABAergic neurons in the habenular nucleus of offspring mice.Methods:SPF healthy C57BL/6 wild-type pregnant mice were used in this study, and an ADHD model in offspring mice was established by intraperitoneally injecting S-ketamine in the middle and late pregnancy. Twenty-four offspring of pregnant mice exposed to S-ketamine were divided into 2 groups ( n=12 each) at 14 days after birth using a random number table method: ADHD + normal saline group (AN group) and ADHD + aucubin group (AA group). Twenty-four offspring of pregnant mice exposed to normal saline were divided into 2 groups ( n=12 each) at 14 days after birth by a random number table method: control + normal saline group (CN group) and control + aucubin group (CA group). Aucubin 40 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 consecutive days in CA group and AA group, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in CN group and AN group. At 14 days after birth, the 16-channel microfilament array electrode was placed in the habenular nucleus, and the ratio of excitatory neurons to inhibitory neurons in the habenular nucleus was recorded when the mice buried beads in the marble burying test. At 21 days after birth (after the end of peritoneal administration), the impulsive and stereotypical behaviors of offspring mice were evaluated by elevated zero maze and marble burying test, respectively, and then the expression of glutamate decarboxylase 2 (GAD2) in habenular nucleus was detected by the immunofluorescence method. Results:Compared with CN group, the ratio of excitatory neurons to inhibitory neurons in the habenular nucleus was significantly increased, the expression of GAD2 was down-regulated, the time spent in the open arm was prolonged, the number of entries into the open arm and the number of buried beads were increased in AN group ( P<0.05), and no statistically significant differences were found in the above indexes in CA group ( P>0.05). Compared with AN group, the ratio of excitatory neurons to inhibitory neurons in the habenular nucleus was significantly decreased, the expression of GAD2 was up-regulated, the time spent in the open arm was shortened, and the number of entries into the open arm and the number of buried beads were decreased in AA group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism by which aucubin alleviates prenatal S-ketamine exposure-induced ADHD may be related to increasing the number of GABAergic neurons in the habenular nucleus of offspring mice.

Objective:To explore the genetic etiology of a Chinese pedigree affected with Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS) and summarize the prenatal phenotype of BOFS patients.Methods:A pedigree with BOFS which had presented at the Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University in December 2021 was selected as the study subject. Clinical data of the pedigree was collected. The fetus was subjected to routine prenatal ultrasound scan. Trio-whole exome sequencing (trio-WES) was carried out for the fetus and its parents, and candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing. Relevant literature was searched from the database to summarize the prenatal phenotype of BOFS patients. This study was approved by the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Ethics No. KS-2018-KY-36).Results:Ultrasound exam suggested the fetus had cleft lip and palate. Its father had presented with high palatal arch, prematurely grayed hair, occult cleft lip, congenital preauricular fistula, red-green color blindness and unilateral renal agenesis. Its grandfather also had high palatal arch, prematurely gray hair, protruding ears, congenital preauricular fistula and hearing disorders. Trio-WES revealed that the fetus and its father had both harbored a heterozygous c. 890-1G>A variant of the TFAP2A gene. The same variant was not found in its mother. Sanger sequencing confirmed that its grandfather had also harbored the same variant. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the variant was rated as likely pathogenic (PVS1+ PM2_Supporting). Combined with 36 similar cases retrieved from the literature, the prenatal phenotypes of BOFS patients had included growth restriction (25/37), renal abnormalities (10/37), cleft lip and palate (5/37) and oligohydramnios (5/37). Conclusion:The c. 890-1G>A variant of the TFAP2A gene probably underlay the pathogenesis of BOFS in this pedigree. Discovery of the novel variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the TFAP2A gene. The common prenatal phenotypes of BOFS have included growth restriction, renal abnormalities, cleft lip and palate and oligohydramnios. Delineation of the intrauterine phenotype of BOFS may facilitate its prenatal diagnosis, clinical diagnosis, treatment and genetic counseling.