Objective To explore the possible correlations under the interaction of multi-genes action at different stages and analyze the primary histophotomacrographic changes of hind buds tissue in congenital clubfoot and the pathodynamic developmental procedure.MethodsSeventy-seven female Wistar rats were administered with retinoic acid on the 10th day after pregnancy. And the hindlimb, buds and spinal cord were detected through transmission electron microscopic and molecular biological experiments.ResultsThere was clubfoot-like deformity in 61.8% of the experimental animals. Persistence of the embryonic position of the talus and tibia in fetuses was observed. Poor overlapping between talus and calcaneus was seen. Cell apoptosis at the anterior corner of spinal cord and hind buds were seen.ConclusionCongenital clubfoot deformities appear at early stage and exaggerate along with developmental procedure.

Diseases of oral mucosa are characterized by complex etiology, diverse and confused clinical manifestations, as well as lack of special therapeutic drugs and methods. So it has always been a non-evasive teaching conundrum. This paper explored a multiple three-dimensional interactive teaching mode, a combination of problem-based learning (PBL), case-based learning (CBL), multimedia, internet and evidence-based medicine. It is hoped that its application in the teaching of the diseases of oral mucosa will arouse the students' learning interest, broaden their professional perspective, cultivate their self-learning ability to find, ask, analyze and solve problems, and strengthen their clinical practice capacity.
Humans ; Mouth Mucosa ; Problem-Based Learning ; Students