A 18-month-old child admitted with neck pain, spasm and neck motion limitation after traffic accident. On C-spine lateral view, there was anterior angulation of odontoid process with anterior displacement of atlas. Neurologic examination showed no specific focal deficits. The patient was treated with Gardner-Wells tongs traction, skeletal traction with wiring, Halo vest for 2 months, Minerva cast for 2 months and cervical collar brace. Eight months after the trauma, follow-up dynamic C-spine lateral view showed bone fusion without false movement or growth retardation.
Accidents, Traffic ; Braces ; Child* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant* ; Neck ; Neck Pain ; Neurologic Examination ; Odontoid Process* ; Spasm ; Traction

Thirty six conseutive patients with recurrent hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were identified in a retrospective review of 307 cases of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH) treated at the Fatima hospital between September, 1989, and August, 1992. The recurrence rate was 1.7%. There were 14 males and 22 females, aged 38 to 83 years. Only one patient had recieved regular antihypertensive therapy after initial hemorrhage. The mean volume of hemorrhage was 21.7cc at first attack and 19.5cc at recurrent attack. The site of recurrent hemorrhage was putamen in 18 cases, thalamus in 12 cases, cerebellum in 8 cases and lobar in 3 cases. The most common pattern of recurrence was "Ganglionic-Ganglionic"(10 cases). Recurrent hemorrhage occurred at the same side in 54.8% and same side & same wite in 16.7% of recurrent hemorrhage. Mean interval between the hemorrhage was 17.4 months and 55.8% of recurrent hemorrhage occurred within 1 year. Initial condition was worse at recurrent hemorrhage and outcome also was worse regardless of treatment methods. We concluded that recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage in HICH patients was not a rare condition and regular follow up and antihypertensive therapy was important in prevention of recurrent hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.
Cerebellum ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive* ; Male ; Putamen ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Thalamus

OBJECTIVE: Electrodiagnostic test has shown diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in carpal tunnel syndrome(CTS). This study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical outcome of endoscopic carpal tunnel ligament release(ECTR) and the predictive value of sensory nerve conduction. METHODS: From January 1998 to December 2004, 87 patients (44 right hand, 37 left hand, 6 bilateral hands) with CTS who underwent ECTR were followed up in our hospital for an average of 2.4 months. We retrospectively analyzed the results with previous medical records. All patients underwent electrodiagnostic test and ECTR. The patients were divided into three groups according to the electrodiagnostic test results. Group (A) was normal sensory nerve response, Group (B) was slowing sensory response and Group (C) was no sensory response. Improvement of the symptom after ECTR was assessed using a visual analogue scale(VAS) score. RESULTS: Differences between the three groups on the correlation of severity of sensory potential and duration of preoperative symptoms were significant. The mean value of improved VAS scores for the three groups were 6.0+/-0.96 in the Group A, 6.11+/-0.48 in the Group B and 6.14+/-0.53 in the Group C. There was no statistically significant difference between the severity of sensory nerve response and improvement in VAS score after ECTR. Complications included a wound infection, a case of skin necrosis, and two patients with persistent symptoms without any improvement. CONCLUSION: Although electrodiagnostic test has been known to be useful, sensory nerve response is considered not to be a good prognostic value for carpal tunnel syndrome after ECTR.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome* ; Hand ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Medical Records ; Necrosis ; Neural Conduction* ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin ; Wound Infection

No abstract available.
Humans ; Langerhans Cells* ; Prognosis*

OBJECTIVES: This research was performed to identify family violence by male adolescencts, and to examine the characteristics of male adolescent delinquents in terms of domestic viloence. METHODS: We surveyed 677 male adolescents including 238 delinquents from BBS(Big brothers and sisters) in Pusan, 209 criminal adolescents from adolescent correctional institution in Pusan, 230 high school students through questionnaire, MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory), and PBI(Parental Bonding Instrument), and then compared these three groups by Chi-square test, T-test, and Anova. RESULTS: In most cases, male delinquent adolescents were placed in poorer socio-economic conditions than those of students, but in better socio-economic conditions than those of criminal adolescents. In general, the assaulters were senior family members, physically stronger than sufferers, and have bad brotherliness. Compared with normal students, the serious problem of violence including violence to the ancestors in delinquent and criminal adolescents. On results of MMPI and PBI test, there were significant difference between violent group and non-violent group on the Sc score and Passive aggressive index in adolescent delinquents and parental overprotection in normal students. CONCLUSION: Generally the characteristics of family violence by male delinquent adolescents were intermediate between those of criminal adolescent and students, these results were same as those of previous socio-psychiatric study, and so the intervention in criminal adolescents is needed for the pre-vention of family violence.
Adolescent* ; Busan ; Criminals ; Domestic Violence* ; Humans ; Male ; MMPI ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Siblings ; Violence

No abstract available.
Leiomyoma*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomographic (CT) findings of deep neck space infection(DNSI) with particular attention to the differences in the spaces involved and in complications between odontogenic and nonodontogenic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients(21 odontogenic and 23 nonodontogenic) were included in this study. Among odontogenic DNSls, 15 had the dental infection in the second or third mandibular molar. We compared the CT features between odontogenic and nonodontogenic DNSIs with special emphasis on the differences in the spaces involved and in the rate and type of complications. RESULTS: In all patients, CT clearly differentiated abscess from cellulitis. The most common spaces involved in 21 patients with odontogenic DNSl were the parapharyngeal(n=18), the submandibular(n=18), the anterior visceral(n=13), the masticator(n=9), and the sublingual(n=7) spaces. In contrast, in 23 patients with nonodontogenic DNSI, the anterior visceral space(n=14) was most frequently involved. The parapharyngeal, the submandibular, and the masticator spaces were statistically more frequently involved in odontogenic than in nonodontogenic DNSI(p<.05). Twenty-two patients had one or more complications shown by CT, of which airway compromise was more frequent and severe in odontogenicthan in nonodontogenic DNSI. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the parapharyngeal, the submandibular, and the masticator spaces are more significantly vulnerable in odontogenic DNSl than in nonodontogenic DNSl. The predilection for certain spaces of the neck in odontogenic DNSl seems to originate from the intimate relationship of the mandibular molars to the adjacent deep neck spaces.
Abscess ; Cellulitis ; Humans ; Molar ; Neck*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate computed tomographic (CT) findings of deep neck space infection(DNSI) with particular attention to the differences in the spaces involved and in complications between odontogenic and nonodontogenic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients(21 odontogenic and 23 nonodontogenic) were included in this study. Among odontogenic DNSls, 15 had the dental infection in the second or third mandibular molar. We compared the CT features between odontogenic and nonodontogenic DNSIs with special emphasis on the differences in the spaces involved and in the rate and type of complications. RESULTS: In all patients, CT clearly differentiated abscess from cellulitis. The most common spaces involved in 21 patients with odontogenic DNSl were the parapharyngeal(n=18), the submandibular(n=18), the anterior visceral(n=13), the masticator(n=9), and the sublingual(n=7) spaces. In contrast, in 23 patients with nonodontogenic DNSI, the anterior visceral space(n=14) was most frequently involved. The parapharyngeal, the submandibular, and the masticator spaces were statistically more frequently involved in odontogenic than in nonodontogenic DNSI(p<.05). Twenty-two patients had one or more complications shown by CT, of which airway compromise was more frequent and severe in odontogenicthan in nonodontogenic DNSI. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the parapharyngeal, the submandibular, and the masticator spaces are more significantly vulnerable in odontogenic DNSl than in nonodontogenic DNSl. The predilection for certain spaces of the neck in odontogenic DNSl seems to originate from the intimate relationship of the mandibular molars to the adjacent deep neck spaces.
Abscess ; Cellulitis ; Humans ; Molar ; Neck*

Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma is a huge cystic tumor, typically occurring in the cerebral hemispheres of infants. The authors report a 4-month-old baby presented with increased head circumference, bulging fontanel, and the setting-sun sign. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a round mass with huge cystic component in the right cerebral hemisphere. Microsurgical gross total resection of the tumor was performed and pathological examination of the specimen showed features of desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma. The postoperative course was complicated by subdural hygroma which was managed by the placement of subduroperitoneal shunt. Although desmoplastic infantile astrocytomas are rare, it must be distinguished from other hemispheric tumors in infancy or childhood because of good prognosis.
Astrocytoma* ; Cerebrum ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Prognosis ; Subdural Effusion

The distribution of enkephalin, dynorphin, substance P and neurotensin in the periaqueductal gray[PAG] has been well established by immunohistochemical methods. However, there is little information about the regional distribution of these neuropeptide mRNA-containing neurons in the PAG. The present study was undertaken [1] to elucidate the distribution of these neuropeptide mRNA-containing neurons and to determine of the PAG, [2] to know how peptide expression relates to the proposed functional subdivisions of the PAG and [3] to know how neuropeptide mRNA levels in the PAG change following peripheral neuropathy The results obtained are as follows ; 1. Preproenkephalin[pENK] mRNA-containing neurons are found mostly in the ventrolateral portion at all levels of the PAG. 2. Prodynorphin[pDYN] mRNA-containing neurons are concentrated mostly in the ventrolateral portion at the caudal level of the PAG. 3. Preprotachykinin[pTAK] mRNA-containing neurons are localized mainly in the ventrolateral portion at all levels of the PAG. There is small numbers of pTAK mRNA-containing neurons in the dorsolateral and dorsal portion at all levels of the PAG. 4. Proneurotensin[pNT] mRNA-containing neurons are concentrated mostly in the medial part of ventrolateral portion of the caudal and mid PAG. 5. Peripheral neuropathy induces an increase of pNT mRNA levels in the PAG, while pENK, pDYN and pTAK mRNAs levels show no change. The present results indicate that the pENK, pDYN, pTAK or pNT mRNA-containing neurons are found mainly in the ventrolateral PAG, the area where analgesia is most easily produced and that neurotensin in the PAG may play an important role in modulating chronic neuropathic pain.
Analgesia ; Animals ; Dynorphins ; Enkephalins ; Gene Expression* ; In Situ Hybridization ; Neuralgia* ; Neurons* ; Neuropeptides* ; Neurotensin ; Periaqueductal Gray* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Substance P