Actins ; metabolism ; Adenoma, Pleomorphic ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Infant ; Keratins ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; pathology ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Reoperation ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Pepole pay more attention to the medicinal value and health function of Monascus day by day,however,the existence of citrinin restricted the further development of Monascus products heavily. How to ruduce the content of citrinin is a problem need to be solved urgently.Briefly introduced the toxicity,the biosynthetic pathway,and the relative standards of citrinin in monascus. According to the research progress on citrinin,the strategies of citrinin control were described from the three aspects of fermentation technology,mutation breeding,and genetic engineering. The expectation about the direction of citrinin in the future was also discussed.

Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; pathology ; surgery ; Cerebellar Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Cystadenoma, Papillary ; pathology ; surgery ; Diseases in Twins ; pathology ; surgery ; Epididymis ; pathology ; surgery ; Genital Neoplasms, Male ; pathology ; surgery ; Hemangioblastoma ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; pathology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of tetrandrine on reversion of mice S180's obtained multi-drug resistance tumor cell induced by chemotherapy by PFC. And then discuss the molecular mechanism of it for the use of TCM in clinic to restrain the drug-resistant of chemotherapy, thereby improve the curative effect.

METHODBy the methods of less dosage of chemotherapy PFC, give the mouse cisplatin 3 mg x kg(-1) i.p., once a week; CTX and 5-FU 3 mg x kg(-1) i.g. four weeks, set up the mice models of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumor cell, and then observe the P170, Fas, CD54 and apoposis by flow cytometry.

RESULTTetrandrine can obviously lower the express of P170 increase the express of Fas and the apoposis of drug resistant tumor cell. And at the same time it can obviously reduce the express of intercellular adhesion molecule (CD54).

CONCLUSIONTerandrine, with its adjustment of correlated biotic active matter, can intervene the occurrence of the multi-drug resistance of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy.

Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; Benzylisoquinolines ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; drug effects ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Mice ; Sarcoma 180 ; metabolism ; pathology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDThere is a difficulty in evaluating the in vivo functionality of individual chondrocytes, and there is much heterogeneity among cartilage affected by osteoarthritis (OA). In this study, in vitro cultured chondrocytes harvested from varying stages of degeneration were studied as a projective model to further understand the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.

METHODSCartilage of varying degeneration of end-stage OA was harvested, while cell yield and matrix glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content were measured. Cell morphology, proliferation, and gene expression of collagen type I, II, and X, aggrecan, matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and ADAMTS5 of the acquired chondrocytes were measured during subsequent in vitro culture.

RESULTSBoth the number of cells and the GAG content increased with increasing severity of OA. Cell spreading area increased and gradually showed spindle-like morphology during in vitro culture. Gene expression of collagen type II, collagen type X as well as GAG decreased with severity of cartilage degeneration, while expression of collagen type I increased. Expression of MMP-13 increased with severity of cartilage degeneration, while expression of ADAMTS-5 remained stable. Expression of collagen type II, X, GAG, and MMP-13 substantially decreased with in vitro culture. Expression of collagen type I increased with in vitro cultures, while expression of ADAMTS 5 remained stable.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of functional genes such as collagen type II and GAG decreased during severe degeneration of OA cartilage and in vitro dedifferentiation. Gene expression of collagen I and MMP-13 increased with severity of cartilage degeneration.

ADAM Proteins ; ADAMTS5 Protein ; Cartilage ; pathology ; Cell Differentiation ; genetics ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Chondrocytes ; metabolism ; Collagen Type II ; genetics ; Collagen Type X ; genetics ; Glycosaminoglycans ; metabolism ; Humans ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ; genetics ; Osteoarthritis ; genetics ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the base of the interference in correlated biotic active matter obtained multi-drug resistance induced by chemotherapy for different alkaloid, and to supervise the use in clinic to restrain the multi-drug resistant of chemotherapy, and thereby to improve the curative effect.

METHODAfter bestowing subter-dosage unite chemotherapeutant to ascites S180 mouse to set up the mouse models of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumour cell, and giving the mouse matrine, terandrine, oxymatrine and berberine hydrooh loride for 4 weeks, the P170, LRP, TOPOII, Fas and apoposis were determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTMatrine and terandrine could obviously reduce the express of P170, LRP and the activation of TOPOII, and increase the ratio of the express of Fas and the apoposis of drug resistant tumour cell. And at the same time it could obviously reduce the express of intercellular adhesion molecule(CD54).

CONCLUSIONMatrine and terandrine can interfere in MDR which results from chemotherapeutics by the adjustment of correlated biotic active matter, besides, the different degree of alkaloid effect with different configuration.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; metabolism ; Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzylisoquinolines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Berberine Alkaloids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type II ; metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quinolizines ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Sarcoma 180 ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vault Ribonucleoprotein Particles ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of ketogenic diet (KD) on the clinical and electroencephalogram features in children with pharmacoresistant epileptic encephalopathy.

METHODThirty-one children (19 boys, 12 girls) aged 7 months to 7 years (mean 2 years 5 month) with epilepsy refractory to conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were included in this study. In addition to their original AED treatment, the children were assigned to different ketogenic diets based on their age. The prospective electro-clinical assessment was performed prior to the KD and then one week, one month and again 3 months after the initiation of therapy, respectively.

RESULTThe reduction of seizure frequency in 52%, 68% and 71% of all patients exceeded 50% one week, one month and three months after KD treatment respectively. KD is particularly effective in myoclonic astatic epilepsy (MAE; Doose Syndrome) and West syndrome with 100% and 81.25% of the patients having a greater than 50% seizure reduction, respectively. After 3 months of KD treatment, more than 2/3 patients experienced a reduction in interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) and improvement in EEG background.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical and electroencephalographic improvement confirms that KD is beneficial in children with refractory epilepsy.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diet, Ketogenic ; methods ; Dietary Fats ; administration & dosage ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; diagnosis ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intellectual Disability ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Lennox Gastaut Syndrome ; Male ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Spasms, Infantile ; diet therapy ; drug therapy ; Syndrome ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Amino Acids ; blood ; Blood Proteins ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Obstruction ; surgery ; Intestinal Perforation ; surgery ; Male ; Parenteral Nutrition ; Postoperative Care

AIMTo investigate the correlation between the gastric adaptive cytoprotection and the low concentration alcohol intake in a chronic drinking rat model and the effect of chronic ethanol exposures on the cell turnover of the gastric mucosa and its possible role in adaptive cytoprotection.

METHODSSprague-Dawley rats received the drinking water containing 6% (v/v) ethanol as their only water intake for 28 days. In the different stages of the 28 days (1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th days), the stomachs of the rats were cannulated and perfused with pure ethanol, and the severity of mucosal lesions was measured in 2 hours at the end of perfusion respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis in gastric mucosa of rats in different groups were analyzed by flow cytometer, immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis.

RESULTSPure ethanol caused ulcer and haemorrhagic damage in the corpus and antral mucosa of the control rats. These lesions were prevented by pretreatment of the animals with ethanol exposure in the 3 rd to 14 th days. The damage index was decreased by 80%, as compared with those in control rats. There was no significant difference in the rats exposed to the ethanol in the 1st and 28th days. Compared with control, the cell apoptosis in gastric mucosa of the rats was enhanced during they exposure to the ethanol in the 3rd to 28th days. Otherwise the cell proliferation was increased in the 3rd to 28th days, and decreased in the 28th days, respectively.

CONCLUSIONChronic adequate alcohol intake may enhance the cell turnover of gastric mucosa and lead to an adaptive cytoprotection. Long-term stimulus with the low concentration ethanol may cause the atrophy of gastric mucosa and reduce the gastric mucosal cytoprotective effect.

Alcoholism ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Proliferation ; Cytoprotection ; Ethanol ; adverse effects ; Gastric Mucosa ; cytology ; pathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To study the age, clinical, enteroscopic and pathological characteristics of colorectal polyps and factors affected polyp-carcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical, enteroscopic and pathological characteristics of 7276 cases of colorectal polyps. RESULTS The incidence of colorectal polyps was 10.94%, including 521 men and 275 women. The rate of colorectal polyp was 82.29% in 30-69 year olds. The adenomatous, inflammatory, hyperplastic and juvenile polyps were 43.84%, 42.09%, 11.06% and 1.51%, respectively. Polypoid lesions were located at cecum 3.29%, ascending 11.88%, transverse 4.89%, descending 11.58%, sigmoid 26.05%, and rectum 42.32%. Thirty-five cases (4.4%) were found to have polpous canceration. The canceration rates in villous, mixed and tubular adenomas were 29.73%, 11.11%, and 4.86%. The rate of canceration seemed to depend on its dimensions, being 1.3%, 7.4%, and 25.6% for the 0.6 - 1.0 cm, 1.1 - 1.9 cm, and > or = 2.0 cm in size, respectively. Conclusion The ages between 30-69 tend to suffer from colorectal polyps. The incidence in the male is higher than that in the female. Colorectal polyps are more likely to locate in left colon. The common pathological types were adenomatous and inflammatory polyps. There is a high canceration of polyps in the left colon, villous adenomas and > or = 2.0 cm polyps. The broader the pedicles and the larger the diameters of polyps are, the higher the canceration rate. All of the colon polyps should be excised and undergo the pathological examination. Enteroscopic polypectomy helps prevent colorectal polpous canceration.
Adenoma ; pathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Colonic Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Polyps ; pathology ; surgery ; Male