Biomedical Research ; China ; Preventive Medicine ; Research Support as Topic

Biomedical Research ; China ; Preventive Medicine ; Research Support as Topic

Objective To explore the extent of lung injury induced by hyperoxia,and the activity of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway(UPP) in pathophysiological progress of lung tissue in early stages.Methods Adopted completely random design,20 SD rats were divided into hyperoxia group and air control group.For the air control group,the oxygen concentration exiting the cages was analyzed with oxygen monitor and oxygen concentration remained at 210 mL/L for 72 hours;while in the hyperoxia group,the condition changed into high-density oxygen(950 mL/L) for 72 hours to estimate the hyperoxia lung injury in rats model.The contents linked morphology as pathological classification in gross finding,pathological score of lung injury and the index of pneumonedema-the ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs were mea-sured.The expressions of ubiquitin protein and the activity of proteasome 20 S and the active statement of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods.Results 1.The hyperoxia lung injury rat model was successfully duplicated.2.In hyperoxia group,pulmonary edema with increased ratio of moist to dry weight of lungs could be found(P=0).3.Macroscopic observation: bright red and full-stacked lung tissue,foliated or local hemorrhage on the surface,but little pleural effusion was observed in hyperoxia group.There was statistical significance of pathological classification in gross finding between hyperoxia group and air control group(P=0.005).Light microscope observation:swelled alveolar epithelium,widened alveoli wall,capillary engorgement and telangiectasis,obvious edema in interstitial tissue of pulmonary aveolus and alveolar space,increased inflammatory cells were observed in hyperoxia group.The findings of pathological score of lung injury indicated more serious injure than control group(P=0).4.The increased expression of ubiquitin protein in lung tissue was discoved by using immunohistochemistry and Western blot findings after hyperoxia exposure 72 hours.(P=0).5.The acti-vity of proteasomes 20 S in hyperoxia group was higher than that in control group(P=0).Conclusions The mainly pathological changes of lung are generated through hyperoxic exposure for 72 hours,including alveolar epithelial cell and vascular endothelial cell injury diffusely,inflammatory cell infiltration and pulmonary edema.Active the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is connected with the pathophysiological process of lung injury in the initial stages of hyperoxia-exposure.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of the ubiquitin proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on p38 signaling pathway and apoptosis in lung injury induced by hyperoxia. Methods Twenty-six SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group(n=5),MG-132 control group(n=5),hyperoxia group(n=8) and MG-132 hyperoxia group(n=8).Hyperoxia lung injury rat models were established,and proteasome inhibitor(0.5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected in control group and MG-132 hyperoxia group once daily.The resected lungs were histopathologically examined,and cell apoptosis and expression of ubiquitin and p38 were detected by TUNEL and immunohistochemistry,respectively.Results After hyperoxia exposure,there were edema and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lung tissues of SD rats.The apoptosis index and expression of p38MAPK of hyperoxia group were higher than those of normal control group and MG-132 hyperoxia group(P

Objective To observe the effect of reperfusion therapy on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by eardiogenic shock(CS)in reperfusion era.Methods 89 cases of AMI with CS were included with 57 male and 32 female.50 cases received conservative therapy and 39 cases reperfusion therapy.28 of the 39 cases had suecessflll reperfusion and 11 eases failed.18 patients had intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) within 1 hour of CS,they constituted an early group;35 patients treated with IABP 1 hour after CS were of a late group.A group of 36 cases were not treated with IABP (no IABP group).Results The mortality of the early group with IABP Was significantly lower than that of the late and no IABP group(33.3% vs.74.2% vs.86.1%,P＜0.01).The mortality of the group with sucessful reperfusion was significantly lower than that of unsuccessful reperfusion and conservative no IABP group (42.8% vs.81.8% vs.84.0%,P＜0.01).logistic regression analysis showed that successful reperfusion therapy (OR 4.232,95% CI 1.407～12.730,P=0.01) and THE TIME of using IABP(OR 0.22.95% CI 0.063～0.764,P=0.017)were independent risk factors for death.Conclusion Early successful reperfusion and early institution of IABP were the most important therapeutic measures for reducing mortaliIv of AMI complicated by CS.

Objective To study the CT features of peripheral lung cancer with thin-walled cavity, and to improve the understanding and diagnostic accuracy of this type of lung cancer. Methods Thirty-one patients (male:18, female:13, average age(56 ± 12)years old) with surgically proven peripheral lung cancer with thin-walled cavity were studied retrospectively. There were 28 cases of adenocarcinoma, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 1 case of sarcomatoid carcinoma. All patients had MSCT examination, and the CT features of the solid lesion and thin-walled cavity of the lung cancer were analyzed. The relationship between solid lesion and thin-walled cavity location, cavity wall thickness and uniformity, wall nodules, vascularstructures close to the outer wall, septum or air-fluid level inside the cavity, and dynamic changes of the lesions were all evaluated. Results (1) Solid lesion:mostly located in both upper and middle lobes of the lung in 21cases (67.7%). Lobulation, speculation and vessel convergence sign were observed in 27 cases (87.1%), 21 cases(67.7% )and 16 cases(51.6%) respectively. Twenty cases showed as ground glass nodule (GGN) (64.5%), with pure GGN in 11 cases(35.5%). (2) Cavitary lesion: The average diameter was (2.7 ± 1.3) cm, the cavity located in the periphery of the solid lesions in 26 cases (83.9%),and in 20 cases (64.5%) located in the lateral or superior and inferior lateral aspect of the solid lesion;The cavity wall was uniform in17 cases (54.8%) and the wall thickness<2 mm were seen in 16 cases (51.6%), 2-3 mm were observed in 10 cases (32.3%);Wall nodules were seen in five cases (16.1%);Blood vessels adjacent to outer wall were found in 12 cases (38.7%);There was no air-fluid level in the cavity in all the cases;But septum with uneven thickness or small vessels were seen in the cavity in 27 cases (87.1%). Conclusions The majority of peripheral lung cancer with thin-walled cavity was adenocarcinoma, characteristic CT features of thin-walled cavitary lesions may be helpful in the diagnosis of this type of lung cancer.

In order to obtain higher L-lactic acid yield industrial strain, the original strain Rhizopus oryzae PW352 was mutated by means of N+ ions implantation and a mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RE3303 was obtained. Its lactic acid yield was increased by 75% than that of the original one. The acid producing condition was optimized by orthogonal design. The concentration of L-lactic acid reached to 131～136g/L and the conversion rate of glucose was as high as 86%～90% under the optimum condition.

Objective: To investigate the effects of taurine on blood glucose, number of platelets in plasma, pletelet aggregation and metabolism of oxygen free radicals in diabetic rats. Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single injection (ip) of streptozotocin (STZ,70 mg/kg body weight). The rats were maintained on drinking water with or without taurine (1.5 g/kg body weight per day). The concentration of blood glucose, maximal aggregation rate of platelets induced by adenosine 5 diphosphate(ADP) or thrombin(Thr) and the number of platelets in plasma were measured. Metabolism of oxygen free radicals in platelets was assessed as superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and content of malondialdehyde(MDA) in platelets. [WT5FZ]Results: [WT5BZ]The concentration of blood glucose and maximal aggregation rate of platelets induced by ADP or Thr were significantly higher in diabetic rats than in non diabetic rats. The diabetic rats showed decreased platelet number and SOD activity with higher MDA level. In taurine treated diabetic rats concentration of blood glucose was obviously decreased, but no significant change was found in platelet number, SOD activity, MDA content and aggregation of platelets induced by ADP or Thr. [WT5FZ] Conclusion: [WT5BZ]There is a correlation between the increase in platelet aggregability and the abnormal metabolism of oxygen free radicals in platelets and taurine can decrease the blood glucose level but has no significant effect on platelet aggregability and metabolism of oxygen free radicals in diabetic rats.

Objective To evaluate the value of stereotactic core needle biopsy(SCNB)in diagnosis of breast lesions.Methods Forty-seven cases were punctured with computer-assisted stereotactic system, spring-loaded biopsy guns and 16 G core needles.The record of each item was collected,including clinical manifestations,descriptions of the mammographic characteristics(such as calcification,mass and architectural distortion),the pathology of the SCNB and the surgical pathology or mammographic follow-up data.Then the results of SCNB were analyzed based on the comparison of SCNB pathology and the surgical pathology.The reason that SCNB failed and misdioagnosed was inferred from the relationship of SCNB accuracy and the X-ray characteristics.Results Forty-four cases were punctured successfully,3 cases failed.Thirty-one patients were operated soon after biopsy.The results of 27 SCNB cases agreed well with the final pathology but the other 4 did not.Conclusions SCNB as an accurate,time-saving and cost- effective method,is also minimally invasive and hardly changes the architecture of the breast.SCNB can diagnose breast lesions in advance,reduces the number of surgical biopsy,and is promising in clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the projects of the general program in preventive medicine submitted to and funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2004 to 2006, and to discuss the disadvantages of these projects and foundation trends.

METHODS4124 projects submitted and 656 projects supported in 16 fields of preventive medicine between 2004 to 2006 were analyzed statistically.

RESULTS1082, 1378 and 1664 projects were submitted to NSFC and 199, 210 and 247 projects were financially supported in last three years, respectively, with selecting rate 18.4%, 15.2% and 14.8%, respectively. The number and the selection rate of projects supported in the different study fields from 2004 to 2006 were 15 (7.5%), 24 (11.4%) and 18 (7.3%) in environmental health, 8 (4.0%), 12 (5.7%) and 15 (6.1%) in occupational health, 30 (15.1%), 24 (11.4%) and 31 (12.6%) in nutrition and food hygiene, 3 (1.5%), 4 (1.9%) and 4 (1.6%) in child and adolescent health, 14 (7.0%), 20 (9.5%) and 20 (8.1%) in toxicology, 7 (3.5%), 7 (3.3%) and 2 (0.8%) in social medicine, 17 (8.5%), 22 (10.5%) and 31 (12.6%) in epidemiology, 7 (3.5%), 7 (3.3%) and 10 (4.0%) in endemiology, 2 (1.0%), 5 (2.4%) and 5 (2.0%) in biostatistics, 0 (0%), 2 (1.0%) and 1 (0.4%) in health laboratory technology, 7 (3.5%), 2 (1.0%) and 7 (2.8%) in vector biology, 15 (7.5%), 9 (4.3%) and 16 (6.5%) in parasitology, 0 (0%), 2 (1.0%) and 0 (0%) in disinfection, 58 (29.1%), 51 (24.3%) and 58 (23.5%) in infectious disease, 3 (1.5%), 1 (0.5%) and 5 (2.0%) in sexually transmitted disease, 13 (6.5%), 18 (8.6%) and 24 (9.7%) in dermatology, respectively. The contents of these research subjects reflected that more importance has been attached to the fields of preventive medicine. However, it is necessary that original and innovatory research should be further strengthened, and the field and prospective study should be emphasized in the future.

CONCLUSIONRapid advancement have been made in the fields of toxicology, epidemiology, environmental health, nutrition and food hygiene, and infectious disease, while other areas such as social medicine, health laboratory technology, disinfection and sexually transmitted disease need a rapid advancement. In general, the levels of the projects received and funded have been elevating yearly.