Objective To discuss the clinical value of immunofecal occult blood test in screening of colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions in a large series of health checkup population. Methods Colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions in 5919 subjects undergoing health checkup in our hospital were screened out by using immunofecal occult blood test from July 2006 to June 2007; positive cases with the test were subjected to colorectal endoscopy or X-ray barium enema examination. Relevant results were analyzed in combination with clinical and pathological data. Results Positive result was obtained in 314 out of the 5919 subjects undergoing health checkup with immunofecal occult blood test; the positive rate was 5.30%. 241 cases(76.75% )of them accepted colorectal endoscopic examination and 23 cases(7.32%) accepted X-ray barium enema examination. The total follow up rate was 84.08% with 50 cases out of contact. After excluding the cases out of cantact, 16 cases of colorectal cancer were found morbidity 2.37‰ including 8(50.00% )cases of Dukes A,7 cases (43.75%)of Dukes B and 1 case of Dukes C (6 .25%).The detection rate of colorectal cancer with postive imunofecal occult blood test was 6.06% (16/264). 94 cases (16.01‰) of adenomatous polyps were found including 55 cases (58.51%) of tubular adenoma, 23 cases (24.47% )of villiform- tubular adenoma and 16 cases(17.02%) of villfform adenoma. Among these cases 55 (58.51%)were solitary and 39(41.49%) multiple. In addition, 6 cases of ulcerative colitis in active phase were found. Altogether 116 (43.94%)of the 264 cases with positive immunofecal blood test and not out of contact were found to have colorectal cancer or its precancerous lesions. Conclusion Immunofecal occult blood test is suitable for screening of colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions in large series of population. Colorectal cancer and its precancerous lesions may be found in relatively early phase and be eradicated in curable stage, thus to reduce the morbidity and mortality.

Objective To compare the effect of different ways of water supply and whether or not drain water from waterlines for overnight on bacterial counts in dental unit waterlines(DUWLs).Methods In the first phase,6 sets of DUWLs were randomly divided into 2 groups (external storage tank water supply group and municipal water sup-ply group);in the second phase,6 sets of DUWLs were all changed to use external storage tank and randomly di-vided into 2 groups (draining water for overnight group and without draining water for overnight group),bacterial count before and within one week of disinfection between two groups at two phases were compared respectively. Results In the first phase,handpiece water of DUWLs was most seriously contaminated by bacteria,the average colony count was 4117 CFU/mL,qualified rate was 15.38%.Before disinfection,no significant difference in bacte-rial count were found among each groups (all P>0.05),bacterial count of DUWLs of all groups severely exceeded the standard(all >3000 CFU/mL).Comparison of bacterial count in DUWLs from different water supply routes after disinfection was not significantly different on day 1(P>0.05),but were significantly different at day 2-7(all P<0.05).On the second day after disinfection,municipal water supply group began to exceed bacteria standard;on the third day after disinfection,external storage tank group began to exceed bacteria standard.Bacterial count in DUWLs after disinfection between draining water for overnight group and without draining water for overnight group was no significantly different on day 1(P>0.05),but were significantly different on day 2-7(all P<0.05). On the fourth day of disinfection,bacterial count of without draining water for overnight group exceeded standard.On day 7 of disinfection,bacterial count in draining water for overnight group exceeded>100 CFU/mL.Conclusion Use of external storage tank,daily change of sterile distilled water,and daily emptying water for overnight can effectively reduce bacterial count in DUWLs.

Objective To observe the distribution of blood vessels in tibial metaphysis in ovariectomized and control mice by micro-CT(?CT),and investigate the relationship between bone regional blood supply and osteoporosis. MethodsForty mice were randomly divided into ovariectomy group(n=20) and control group(n=20).Four weeks after operation,?CT analysis was conducted to observe the bone blood vessel distribution after silicone rubber perfusion,and bone mineral density measurement,?CT bone microarchitecture analysis and biomechanical test were performed. Results Bone mineral density,bone microarchitecture in ?CT analysis,biomechanical properties and bone blood vessel distribution in ?CT analysis of ovariectomy group were significantly lower than those of control group(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between any two of Capsule Endoscopy ScroringIndex (Lewis score),simplified Crohn Disease Activity Index (CDAI) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in small bowel Crohn disease (CD).MethodsA total of 58 consecutive patients with known small bowel CD were enrolled. We evaluated disease activity with Lewis score and simplified CDAI. Correlations among CRP,simplified CDAI and Lewis score were calculated with Spearman's rank order correlation coefficient.The optimal CRP cut-off value was calculated using the ROC curve.ResultsThe Lewis score showed inactive,mild and moderate-severe patients were 13,21 and 24,respectively.CRP of moderate-severe group was significantly higher than that in mild and inactive groups ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The optimal CRP cut-off value that differentiated patients with moderate to severe disease from the others was 13.50 mg/L with sensitivity of 87.5％ and specificity of 82.4％.The area under the ROC curve to analyze the cut-off was 0.849.Lewis score was moderately correlated with CRP (r =0.58,P ＜ 0.01 ),and weakly correlated with the simplified CDAI (r =0.40,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionSerum CRP and the simplified CDAI cannot replace Lewis score for capsule endoscopy in the assessment of disease activity in small bowel CD.However,CRP may be considered as an inflammatory marker for evaluating the moderate to severe capsule endoscopic activity.

Objective To understand the trends of the prevalence of hyperuricemia of urbanized community residents Sijiqing Streets in Jianggan district in Hangzhou in the past 4 years,and analyze the correlation between hyperuricemia and metabolic factors,which provide scientific endence for prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in communities.Methods 1 670 cases equal to or greater than 20 years old were randomly selected to analyze the trends of the prevalence of hyperuricemia in the past 4 consecutive years,which from urbanized community physical examination in 2010 to 2013 (male 749 cases,female 921 cases).Comparative analysis of age,BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C),TG,TC,LDL-C,and HDL-C levels between hyperuricemia group(male 264 cases,female 181 cases) and non hyperuricemia group (male 485 cases,female 740 cases) on 2013,and analyze the related metabolic factors to hyperuricemia by using non conditional logistic regression analysis.Results ①From 2010 to 2013,male hyperuricemia prevalence rates were 27.9％ (209/749,standardized rates were 27.4％)、29.1％ (218/749,standardized rates were 27.9％),33.2％ (249/749,standardized rates were 31.8％) and 35.2％ (264/749,standardized rates were 32.9％).The prevalence rates of female were 12.6％ (116/921,standardized rates were 11.7％),13.5％ (124/921,standardized rates were 11.9％),18.0％ (166/921,standardized rates were 15.7％) and 19.7(181/921,standardized rates were 17.2％),showed a increased tends year by year (the x2 of tends of male and female were 11.907 and 22.759,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).In age stratified,the prevalence of hyperuricemia in middle and elder age group were increased significantly (the x2 of middle and elder aged man were 4.387、8.545,The x2 of middle and elder aged woman were 12.043、12.274,all P ＜ 0.05).The annual rate of male was higher than female (the x2 were 61.764、62.060、51.241、51.393,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).② The male and female hyperuricemia group of age,BMI,waist circumference,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,TG,TC,LDL-C levels were higher than those in non hyperuricemia group (the t of male were-2.052,-8.624,-8.772,-3.932,-4.380,-5.006,-3.564,-3.834,respectively; The t of female were-6.021,-8.839,-7.586,-4.702,-4.431,-6.334,-5.317,-5.119,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01),HDL-C levels were lower than those of non hyperuricemia group(the t of male and female were 6.097 and 3.170,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01),fasting blood glucose,HbA1c levels of non hyperuricemia group in female were also higher than the non hyperuricemia group (t =-2.750,-3.711,all P ＜ 0.01),however,Nor was statistical significance in male between the two groups (t =0.432,1.315,all P ＞ 0.05).③The non conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that,independent risk factor for male hyperuricemia were overweight (OR:2.151,95％ CI:1.439-3.215) or obese (OR:2.882,95％ CI:1.541-5.389),hypertension (OR:1.564,95％ CI:1.100 -2.224),dyslipidemia (OR:1.678,95 ％ CI:1.165-2.417) and abdominal obesity (OR:1.708,95 ％ CI:1.146-2.547),independent risk factors for hyperuricemia in women were overweight (OR:2.067,95％ CI:1.290-3.313) or obese (OR:2.843,95％ CI:1.523-5.309),hypertension (OR:1.530,95％ CI:1.042-2.248),dyslipidemia (OR:1.784,95 ％ CI:1.191-2.672) and hyperglycemia (OR:1.768,95％ CI:1.221-2.561).Conclusions The community people have a higher prevalence of hyperuricemia,which showed a increased trend,especially in the middle and old age year by year; overweight or obesity,abdominal obesity,hypertension and dyslipidaemia influence male prevalence rate of hyperurieemia,overweight or obesity,hypertension,hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia influence female prevalence rate of hyperuricemia,we should strengthen the comprehensive prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in this community.

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease, is not only a result from the breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone, but also an imbalance of bone remodeling and crosstalk among tissues in the joints. OBJECTIVE: To review the effect of bone-cartilage crosstalk in the progression of osteoarthritis and its new treatment strategy. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant literatures about the relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk published from 2007 to 2017. The keywords were cartilage, interaction, osteoarthritis, pathogenesis, cytokines, signaling pathway in English and Chinese, respectively. The relationship between the progress of osteoarthritis and the bone-cartilage crosstalk was summarized in views of cytokines, signaling pathway, and new treatment strategy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally 169 articles were retrieved, and finally 54 eligible papers were enrolled based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There is a close physical association between subchondral bone and cartilage, and the bone-cartilage interface is a functioning synergistic unit. Increased vascularization, micro-crack formation and abnormal bone remodeling may accelerate the molecules transporting from cartilage to bone in osteoarthritis. Therefore, the bone-cartilage crosstalk plays a pivotal role in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis.

Objective To investigate the potential association of Ghrelin(GHRL)gene polymorphisms susceptible to schizophrenia by case-control study.Methods Six hundred and thirty-four patients,six hundred and six healthy control subjects were recruited.Four SNPs rs696217,rs26802,rs27647 and rs26311 were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-based-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.Results No significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies of the four SNPs were observed between schizophrenic patients and healthy controls (Pvalues of genotype frequencies were 0.649,0.944,0.410,0.826;P values of allele frequencies were 0.773,0.992,0.301,0.723).However,seven haplotypes(GAAG,GAGC,GAGG,GCGC,GCGG,TAGC,TAGG)showed significant differences in frequency between schizophrenic and control groups(P values were 0.011,0.001,1.76×10-6,9.84×10-10,1.38×10-9,2.12×10-5,2.57×10-6).Conclusion These data suggest that the GHRL gene may not be associated with susceptibility to schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population.However,the haplotype of GA may be the susceptive factor of schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVETo explore the noninvasive indicators for predicting the occurrence of esophageal varices (EV) in patients with liver cirrhosis.

METHODSA total of 202 patients with liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B or C or alcoholic hepatic disease were enrolled in this study. EV and high risk esophageal varices (HREV) were confirmed in these patients by gastroscopy. The hematological, serum biochemical and ultrasonic parameters of the patients were analyzed, and a model for predicting EV was established by stepwise logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe areas under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of splenic thickness (SPT) for detecting EV and HREV were 0.827 and 0.766, respectively. The combined index USWA (SPT, US, WBC and albumin [ALB]) showed an AUROC of 0.873 for detecting EV, and the index SPA (combining SPT and ALB) showed an AUROC of 0.777 for detecting HREV. The direct combination of SPT with USWA or with platelet/splenic thickness ratio (PSA) was capable of completely excluding a definite diagnosis of EV, while the sequential combination of SPT with USWA or with platelet was capable of a diagnosis of EV and clarifying the condition of EV in approximately half of the cirrhotic patients in the absence of gastroscopic findings. The combination of SPT and SPA allowed for a definite diagnosis of the condition of HREV in 10% of the cirrhotic patients.

CONCLUSIONSPT combined with SPT derived indexes or platelet status allows for a definite diagnosis of EV in patients with liver cirrhosis to offer a noninvasive option for diagnosis.

OBJECTIVETo prepare the oral solution of egg yolk hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific transfer factor (EYHBV-TF) and evaluate its immunological activity as an immune regulator against hepatitis B.

METHODSFrom hens immunized with the Hepatitis B vaccine the egg yolk was isolated to extract the specific transfer factor EYHBV-TF, and its physicochemical properties were examined. Leukocyte adhesion inhibition test (LAI) was performed to detect the immunogenic activity of EYHBV-TF. The solution of EYHBV-TF was then administered orally in normal mice, and the specific cellular immune activity induced was assayed with delayed type skin hypersensitivity test (DTH), with the non-specific immune activity assessed with immune organ index. The immune responses induced by oral EYHBV-STF solution were compared with those by EYHBV-STF injection and by different dosages (injection and oral) of porcine spleen HBV-specific transfer factor (PSHBV-STF), porcine spleen nonspecific transfer factor, and egg yolk extracts from non-immunized hens.

RESULTSThe prepared EYHBV-STF oral solution, which met the standards for biological products, could inhibit leukocyte adhesion in vitro and significantly enhance mouse foot pad swelling, demonstrating its capability of transferring antigen-specific delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to naive recipient. EYHBV-STF oral solution also significantly improved the immune organ index in mice (P<0 01) with similar effects to those caused by EYHBV-STF injections and by PSHBV-STF injection and oral solution.

CONCLUSIONOrally administered EYHBV-STF and EYHBV-STF injection both possess hepatitis B antigen-specific cellular immune activity and can significantly enhance specific cellular immune responses.

Animals ; Chickens ; Egg Yolk ; chemistry ; Hepatitis B ; drug therapy ; Hepatitis B Antigens ; Hepatitis B virus ; drug effects ; Immunity, Cellular ; Immunization ; Mice ; Swine ; Transfer Factor ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between pathological characteristics of target organs and excess evil syndrome in IgA nephropathy.

METHODSData were collected in multicenter cooperation. Totally 266 IgA nephropathy patients were typed into exogenous wind-heat affection syndrome (49 cases), lower energizer damp-heat syndrome (100 cases), damp-phlegm syndrome (43 cases), and blood stasis syndrome (74 cases). Meanwhile, percutaneous renal biopsy was performed in all patients for Hass classification, Oxford classification, Katafuchi integral, and Jiang's classification methods. The correlation between excess evil syndrome and pathological index was analyzed.

RESULTSFour syndrome types were correlated with their Hass levels (r = 0. 341, P <0. 01). Affection of exogenous wind-heat syndrome was correlated with segmental proliferation of endothelial cells and damaged active lesions of segmental capillary loops. Lower-energizer damp-heat syndrome was associated with Hass III level, destroying active lesions of capillary loops, segmental proliferation of endothelial cells, glomerular segmental lesions, focal interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Blood stasis syndrome was associated with Hass IV level, glomerular sclerosis, segmental glomerulosclerosis (S)/adhesion, mesangial hypercellularity (M), angiohyalinosis, multi-foci interstitial infiltration of inflammatory cells, multi-foci interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. Phlegm-damp syndrome had higher proportions of Hass I and III levels, but with no association with other pathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONSExcess evil syndrome was associated with partial pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy. It could reflect pathological damage degree of target organs, activities, chronic lesions, and prognosis of IgA nephropathy to certain extent. Correlated pathological characteristics and its evolution could indicate excess evil syndrome types and their evolution rules.

Capillaries ; Fibrosis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; pathology ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Prognosis ; Syndrome