A study was performed to validate 3 FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kits developed in China for the differentiation of FMDV infected and vaccinated animals.Sets of sera from naive and vaccinated cattle as well as from cattle that had been infected were tested for antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV by commercial diagnosis kits,Ceditest(R)FMDV-NS (Ceditest(R) kit),UBI(R) FMDV NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN ELISA DIRECTION INSERT (UBI(R) kit) and a FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kitdeveloped at the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute.The test parameters (sensitivity and specificity) of the three kits were determined,and the result obtained from FMD 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was compared with that obtained from two foreign kits.The results indicated that the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and Ceditest(R) kits was 98.05%,and the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and UBI(R) kits was 94.4%; the sensitivity of both Ceditest(R) and FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was 100%.However,the sensitivity of the UBI(R) kit was only 81.8%.With sera from naive or vaccinated non-infected animals,the specificity of all tests exceeded 90%.

Objective To supply a scientific basis for standardizing the normal reference value of forced vital capacity (FVC) of Chinese younger women. Methods We studied the relationship between the normal reference value of 21767 samples of FVC of younger women and eight geographical factors in 157 areas in China. Results It was found that the correlation between geographical factors and the normal reference value of FVC of younger women was quite significant (F=5.884, P=0.000). By adopting the method of mathematical regression analysis, one regression equation was inferred: =3.146+0.00006919X1+0.01315X4-0.006966X6+0.09524X8±0.254. In the above equation, is the normal reference value of younger women' FVC (L); X1 is the altitude (m); X4 is the annual mean air temperature (℃); X6 is the annual mean relative humidity (%); X8 is the annual mean wind speed (m/s); 0.254 is the value of the residual standard deviation. Conclusion If geographical values are obtained in a certain area, the normal reference value of FVC of younger women in this area can be obtained by using the regression equation. Furthermore, according to the geographical factors, China can be divided into eight regions: Northeast China Region, North China Region, Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia Region, middle and lower reaches of the Yangzte River Region, Southeast China Region, Northwest China Region, Southwest China Region, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Region.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of propofol pretreatment against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidative stress in rats and the mechanism of the role of GSK-3 β.Methods Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group (S group),ischemia-reperfusion group (I-R group),propofol pretreatment group (P group),TDZD-8 pretreatment group (T group).The hepatic ischemia-reperfusion rat models were established by the method of Nauta.Rats were subjected to 30-min,60-min and 90-min 70％ warm ischemia of liver followed by reperfusion for 120 min,respectively.Propofol (12 mg/kg · h) was injected via femoral vein 30 min before ischemia till the end of reperfusion in P group and TDZD-8 (1 mg/kg) were injected via femoral vein 20 min before ischemia in T group.The animals were killed at 120 min after reperfusion.Blood samples and the liver tissue were obtained.The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed.Liver morphological changes were observed using optical microscopy.p-GSK-3β Ser9 and total GSK-3 β expression was determined by Western blot.Results Compared with S group,AST,ALT,LDH and MDA level was increased,SOD level was reduced,and p-GSK-3 β Ser9 expression was significantly reduced in I-R group.Compared with I-R group,the content of AST,ALT,LDH and MDA was reduced significantly,SOD increased significantly,and the content of p-GSK-3β Ser9 increased significantly in P group and T group.There were no significant differences between P group and T group.The hematoxylin-eosin staining of hepatic tissues revealed in I-R group had severe structural damage and periportal inflammatory cells infiltrated,hepatocyte necrosis and sinusoidal congestion.In P group and T group,liver tissues had normal structure,less cell death,edema and inflammatory cell infiltration.Conclusions Propofol can significantly reduce hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and lipid hydroperoxides.This protective effect of Propofol may be associated with the inhibition of GSK-3 β by GSK-3 β Ser9 phosphorylation.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the therapeutic effect of embolization combined with endovascular stenting in the for treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysms.

METHODSSeventeen patients with intracranial pseudoaneurysms received endovascular treatment with coil placement, NBCA glue embolization and endovascular stenting, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated according to the findings in immediate postoperative and follow-up angiography.

RESULTSFatal aneurysm rupture occurred in 1 case during embolization, and the surgical procedures were carried out smoothly in the remaining 16 cases. The aneurysm cavity dense coil packing ratio was 50% in coil embolization group and 42.9% in stent-assisted coil embolization group. In the follow-up for 3 months to 2 years, 2 patients in coil embolization group experienced pseudoaneurysm recurrence and were managed successfully with additional embolization with coils and stent. Aneurysms were not found postoperatively in stent-assisted coil embolization group.

CONCLUSIONEmbolization combined with endovascular stenting is a safe and effective treatment of intracranial pseudoaneurysms with minimized risk of recurrence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aneurysm, False ; therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility, security and validity of percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) or percutaneous angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery.

METHODSThe results of treatment and follow-up of 39 cases with symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery who had either recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or resistant to medical therapy and were performed PTA or PTAS were studied retrospectively.

RESULTSAmong the 39 cases with stenosis of middle cerebral artery (23 in left, 13 in right, 3 in bilateral side and 5 cases combining with stenosis of carotid artery) PTA were successfully performed in 9 cases and PTAS in 30 (whose post-operative residual stenosis were less than 10%). After operation the patients were administrated with antiplatelet drugs. The clinic symptom and sign of ischemia were improved obviously after operation. During the procedure the contrast could be seen outside the vessel in 2 cases, the patients had no obvious symptom of hemorrhage and got well rapidly. But in another case her consciousness changed 1 h after PTAS and the limbs could not move in right side. Emergency CT scan showed cerebral hemorrhage in left basic node area. The patient suffered language barrier and incomplete hemiplegy in right side. No complication was occurred in the others. During 5 to 60 months follow-up, the symptom of weakness in right arm reoccurred but lighter than before in only one case. TCD rechecked in 26 cases and demonstrated the blood beam speed was faster than normal in two case. DSA rechecked in 14 cases showed restenosis in-stent in the 2 cases and they were treated by medicine.

CONCLUSIONSPTA and PTAS is a feasible, safe and effective therapeutic method for the patients with symptomatic stenosis of middle cerebral artery. Further study in large number of patients is needed for long-term outcome.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Brain Ischemia ; surgery ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Middle Cerebral Artery ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo discuss the possible cause of intracranial hemorrhage and treatment after carotid artery stenting (CAS) in patients with carotid artery stenosis.

METHODSFrom January 2003 to August 2009, 403 patients with carotid artery stenosis that were performed CAS, intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 5 cases after the procedure. We analyzed the feature of these cases and perioperative management retrospectively to summarize the possible cause of intracranial hemorrhage and preventive measure.

RESULTSCerebral hemorrhage were found 30 min after CAS in 2 cases, 5 days in 2 cases and 3 days in 1 case. One patient was treated conservatively whose hemorrhage was about 2 ml, one was performed draining of ventricle and the other three cases were all performed craniotomy to remove the hematoma and to depress. The position of hemorrhage were all in the side of carotid artery stenosis, and in 2 cases of them the hemorrhage were at the region of previous cerebral infarction. One patient was cured conservatively, the one who was performed draining of ventricle died. Among the other three cases performed craniotomy, one recovered with light neurological deficit and two died of multiple organ failure.

CONCLUSIONIntracranial hemorrhage is the most serious complication of CAS of carotid artery, and general measure should be taken to prevent it from occurring.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carotid Stenosis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Intraoperative Complications ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents

OBJECTIVETo explore the relevance between the promoter methylation status of Notch1 gene and the invasive ductal carcinoma and ductal hyperplastic lesions of the breast.

METHODSMethylation status of Notch1 gene in human breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC, n = 89), ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS, n = 20), atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH, n = 11) and usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH, n = 20) were quantitatively evaluated by MALDI-TOF MS. The expression of Notch1 protein was detected by immunohistochemical stain (SP method).

RESULTSPositive expression rates of Notch1 protein in IDC and DCIS were 91.0% (81/89) and 75.0% (15/20), respectively, which were significantly higher than those of ADH (4/11) and UDH (30.0%, 6/20;P < 0.05). Notch1 protein expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis, pathological grades and TNM stages of IDC. The mean methylation levels of Notch1 gene at CpG_3, CpG_4.5 and CpG_8 significantly decreased in IDC group compared with those of DCIS, ADH and UDH groups (P < 0.0083). In breast carcinomas, the mean methylation rates of Notch1 gene at CpG_4.5, CpG_10.11, and CpG_14.15.16 loci in cases with axillary node metastasis were significantly lower than those without axillary node metastasis (P < 0.05); and the methylation rates at CpG_14.15.16 and CpG_18 loci in stage Iwere lower than that in stage II, further lower than that in stage III (P < 0.05); and that in CpG_1.2, CpG_12.13 loci in grade I (highly-differentiated group) were higher than that in grade II (moderate-differentiated group) and grade III (poorly-differentiated group) (P < 0.05); and the methylation rates at CpG_3, CpG_8 and CpG_14.15.16 loci in ER(+) PR(+) HER2(-) group were lower than that in ER(-) PR(-) HER2(+) group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThere is an overall hypomethylation of Notch1 gene in breast invasive ductal carcinomas with corresponding over-expression of Notch1 protein. This inverse correlation show that the alteration of protein expression result from hypomethylation oncogene Notch1, and this change may have important significance in breast tumorigenesis and the development. Specific hypomethylation at CpG_3, CpG_ 4.5 and CpG_8 loci of Notch1 gene may play a role in the pathogenesis of breast carcinoma, suggesting the progression and/or malignant transformation from benign glandular lesions of the breast.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; CpG Islands ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Precancerous Conditions ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptor, Notch1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the feasibility, safety and validity of percutaneous angioplasty and stenting (PTAS) for symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of basilar artery.

METHODSThe results of treatment and follow-up of 40 cases with symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of basilar artery performed PTAS from August 2003 to December 2009 were studied retrospectively, who had either recurrent transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or obvious ischemic symptoms and resistant to medical therapy.

RESULTSPTAS were successfully performed in all the 40 cases and the post-operative average residual stenosis descended to 14% ± 11% from pre-operative 82% ± 14%. After operation the patients were administrated with antiplatelet drugs. After procedure the clinic symptoms and signs of ischemia were improved obviously in 38 cases and deteriorated in 2 cases whose CT scanning showed that the range of infarction in brain stem enlarged. The symptoms improved after treatment but 2 patients had neurological deficit. No hemorrhagic complications occurred in the group. During the follow-up for 2 months to 7 years, transcranial doppler ultrasonography in 26 cases demonstrated the blood flow was faster than normal in 2 cases, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in 6 cases showed restenosis in-stent in 1 case. The second stent was implanted because of the symptomatic restenosis. In another case the follow-up DSA showed occlusion of basilar artery in-stent but there was no ischemia of post circulation because the generation of anastomoses.

CONCLUSIONSPTAS is a feasible, safe and effective therapeutic method for the patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic stenosis of basilar artery. Further study in large number of patients is needed for long-term outcome.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; methods ; Atherosclerosis ; complications ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Treatment Outcome ; Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency ; etiology ; surgery

Objective To examine the role of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in a rat model of paraquat (PQ)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods In the laboratory of Medical School of Nanjing University, 48 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly(random number) divided into two groups. The experimental group received a single intraperitoneal injection of PQ (30 mg/kg), while the control group received an equivalent volume of sterile saline. The rats were then sacrificed and the left lungs were collected on 7th, 14th and 28th day, respectively. HE staining, Masson staining and hydroxyproline content analysis were used to determine the quantity of collagen, and the fibrosis process and severity were evaluated. Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of CTGF. MRC-5 human lung fibroblasts were exposed to different concentrations of PQ (50-500 μmol/L) for 3 days. The proliferation, migration and differentiation of MRC-5 cells were investigated by CCK8, Transwell and Western blotting after exposing with various concentrations of CTGF (50-200 ng/mL). Data was analyzed with SPSS18.0. Results At 2 weeks after PQ administration, lung tissue sections exhibited a marked thickening of the alveolar walls with an accumulation of interstitial cells witha fibroblastic appearance. Masson staining revealed a patchy distribution of collagen deposition, indicating pulmonary fibrogenesis. Western-blott and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that CTGF expression was significantly upregulated in the PQ-treated group (P<0.01). Similarly, CTGF expression in PQ-treated MRC-5 cells was increased in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). In addition, CTGF promoted the proliferation and migration of MRC-5 cells (P<0.01), and induced the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts. Conclusions These findings demonstrate that PQ can increase CTGF expression, which may be important in PQ-induced pulmonary fibrogenesis. Therefore, this growth factor can be considered as a potential pharmacological target.

Any reform needs to be converted into a series of institutional arrangements or micro behavior incen-tive mechanism,not only to ensure basic behavioral strategies of incentive compatibility between actors are motivated, but also to ensure that the behavior mode of grass-roots actors and policy direction are consistent. From the practice of community health reform of Changning District of Shanghai,it has generally gone through four stages:standardization construction and organization establishment,service model and mechanism reform, incentive mechanism design and connotation construction,platform build and performance improvement. Changning medical reform in the continuous deepening of policy trials and solve all kinds of new problems in the new medical reform policy implementation gener-ated by the process of policy and system innovation in the test(such as doctors weakened incentive problems after two lines of revenue and expenditure) and its compatibility with the environment problem. In order to realize the system of health care policy and provide stable behavioral expectations for the stakeholders to improve the welfare of stake-holders thereby continuously reducing the potential resistance to the implementation of the policy of grass-roots actors, and gradually guide the behavior of various actors to guide the direction consistent with the policy objectives