Purpose:To investigate the prevention and treatment protocol for Af after resection of esophageal and car- dia carcinoma.Methods:Analyses for clinical materials of 1527 patients underwent resection for esophageal and cardiac carcinoma.Results:There were Af 23 cases.Age older than 60 years,abnormal ECG or/and pulmonary function before operation,gastro-esophageal anastomosis above the aortic arch and histological staging Ⅲ～Ⅳ were risk factors for AF.Fa- tal AF was rarely seen.In our 23 cases after treatment in time AF disappeared.Conclusions:Further recognition for post- operative AF and management of perioperative period complication,may reduce the danger of postoperative AF.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic main points of poliomyelitis-like syndrome(PS).Met-hods The clinical data of 15 children with PS were analyzed retrospectively including nervous system manifestation,results of lab andauxiliary examination,diagnosis and reason of misdiagnosis,treatment and progress.Results PS in all 15 children was characterized by mean age of onset(3.3 years),and forerunner infection(in 11 cases,73%)with acute upper respiratory infection of diarrhea 1-2 weeks pre-onset or during onset.All cases were acute flaccid paralysis,12 cases(80%) of which were only one limb.The positive outcome of serologic examination in PS consisted of 4 cases in coxsackie virus-IgM,1 case in EB virus-IgM,1 case in herpes simplex virus-IgM and 1 case in mycoplasma-IgM.All children showed the electromyologram changes in nerve damage.The muscle force of 4 cases increased one grade.Conclusions Children with PS are characterized by the age of onset under 5 years old,acute flaccid paralysis(mostly affected one limb),and the most pathogen being enterovirus.The electromyologram examination can help establish a definite diagnosis in PS.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy on children with epilepsy.Methods Forty-one children (26 cases were male,15 cases were female) with epilepsy aged 7 months to 13 years were treated with LEV as monotherapy.These patients were selected from Department of Neurology ,Wuhan Children′s Hospital, from Aug.2007 to Aug.2009.The starting do-sage of LEV was (13.6?4.7) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily,and its objective dosage was (25.7?7.5) mg?kg-1?d-1,twice daily.LEV monotherapy was investigated by a self-controlled and open-label research,and the follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years.Results The effective rate was 68.3% (28 cases),with 39.0% (16 cases) achieving seizure freedom in LEV monotherapy of children with epilepsy.Thirteen patients (31.7%) had poor efficacy in reduction of seizures,7 patients (17.1%) discontinued LEV monotherapy due to either an inadequate seizure control or aggravated seizures.Fifteen patients (36.6%) had the therapy-related adverse events in LEV monotherapy,including gastrointestinal dysfunction (5 cases),irritability (5 cases),dizziness (2 cases) and somnolence (2 cases).The adverse effects appeared in 2-4 weeks of early LEV therapy and were spontaneously disappeared in 1 week to 1 month of continuing therapy.Conclusions The LEV monotherapy is effective and safe for the control of partial and generalized seizures in children with epilepsy.LEV appears to be a broad-spectrum,first-line anti-epileptic drug in treatment of children with epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mRNA in a rat model of ventilator-induced lung injury.Methods Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 2β5-260 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),small tidal volume (VT) mechanical ventilation group (group S) and large tidal volume mechanical ventilation group (group L).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 100 mg/kg,midazolam 0.2 mg/kg and atropine 1.0 mg/kg.The rats were tracheostomized and spontaneous breathing was maintained in group C,while the rats were tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated for 4 h in groups S and L.The tidal volume was 7 ml/kg (group S) or 40 ml/kg (group L),I ∶ E was 1 ∶ 1,RR was 80 bpm and FiO2 was 100％.At 4 h of spontaneous breathing or mechanical ventilation,broncho-alveolar lung lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for determination of the total protein concentration,white blood cell (WBC) counts and concentrations of MIF,IL-6 and IL-1β (by ELISA).Then the rats were sacrificed and the lungs removed for microscopic examination and for determination of wet to dry lung weight ratio (W/D ratio) and expression of MIF mRNA (by RT-PCR).Results Compared with C and S groups,WBC counts,concentrations of total protein,MIF,IL-6 and IL-1β in BALF,and W/D ratio and expression of MIF mRNA in lung tissues were significantly increased in group L (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the indexes mentioned above between group C and group S (P ＞ 0.05).The pathological changes occurred in group L.Conclusion The up-regulation of MIF mRNA expression in lung tissues may be involved in the development of ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the role of Toll-like receptor9 (TLR9)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signal pathway in alveolar macrophages in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI).Methods 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to three groups (with 10 rats in each group).Group A was the control group,with spontaneous respiration after tracheostomy.Rats in group B received mechanical ventilation for 4 hours with normal tidal volume (VT) 7 ml/kg after tracheostomy,and group C rats received mechanical ventilation with VT 40 ml/kg for 4 hours.After termination of ventilation,examination with transmission electron microscopy was performed to observe the ultrastructure changes in alveolar epithelial cell type Ⅱ (AEC Ⅱ) of the lung.Lung wet/dry ratios (W/D) and total protein concentration,the concentration of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1 β) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined.The protein and mRNA expressions of TLR9,MyD88 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in alveolar macrophages were assayed by Western Blot and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).Results The ultrastructure of AEC Ⅱ in the group A and group B was almost normal,whereas the chromatin of the nuclei,the lamellar corpuscles in the cytoplasm,the cell membrane and the microvilli of the AEC Ⅱ in the group C showed injurious changes in various degrees.When the group C was compared with the group A and the group B,it was shown that the W/D ratios (5.54 ± 0.17 vs.4.58 ± 0.17,4.69 ± 0.16) and total protein concentration (g/L:6.33 ± 0.61 vs.0.45 ± 0.05,0.47 ± 0.04),IL-6 (μg/L:1.989 ± 0.103 vs.1.033 ± 0.061,1.010 ± 0.069) and IL-lβ (ng/L:2.79 ±0.25 vs.1.05 ±0.15,1.23 ±0.22) in BALF,the protein expressions of TLR9,MyD88 and NF-κB [TLR9 (A value):0.770 ±0.042 vs.0.300 ±0.027,0.310 ±0.037; MyD88 (A value):0.950 ±0.091 vs.0.560 ±0.082,0.580±0.084; NF-κB(A value):1.020 ±0.076 vs.0.740 ±0.052,0.700 ±0.076] in alveolar macrophages were all increased significantly,and all of which showed significant difference (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The mRNA levels of TLR9,MyD88 and NF-κB in alveolar macrophages in the group B were (1.13 ± 0.32),(1.18 ± 0.33),and (1.11 ± 0.22) folds of those of the group A,respectively,but there were no significant differences (all P＞0.05).While the mRNA levels of TLR9,MyD88 and NF-κB of alveolar macrophages in the group C were (8.66 ± 0.69),(6.41 ± 0.53) and (5.29 ± 0.71) folds of those of the group A,respectively,and all of them showed significant difference (all P＜0.01).Conclusion TLR9-MyD88 signaling in alveolar macrophages plays a role in pathogenesis of VILI.

AIM:To be one of the primary cause injury to multiple sites of ocular of glaucoma which affects over 70 million people worldwide. We applied data mining techniques, linear and the matrix operations, efficiently calculated the network and estimated the possible function of the“node” genes of the retina and optic of glaucoma, in order to provide new thought and method on the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
METHODS: The data in this study is from Gene Expression Omnibus ( GEO ) which belong to Nation Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) , the quality of the raw data CEL files was processed and analyzed by the Expression software which belong to Affymetrix Inc. , Santa Clare, CA, USA. Significant analysis method ( SAM) which base on the T test was used to identified the significant genes. Based on GRNInfer and Gvedit soft we set up gene networks of optic and retina of mice and further more enriched analysis which based on DAVID and MAS3. 0 online software were processed.
RESULTS:The analysis between the group of the optic nerve heads and retinas in different stage of glaucoma showed that the amount of significant different expressed genes in the optic never head group increased significantly comparing with the group of retina in the early stage of glaucoma, the analysis of the genes network construction show that:the node genes of optic nerve heads included Unc13c、Kif5a、TRPM1、PANX; and the node genes of retina include POU4F1, NEFL, BC03870, CALB2. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis which based on MAS3. 0 online platform show that there was mainly the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, tyrosine metabolism, melanogenesis, Nitrogen metabolism, Gap junction, Leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in optic nerve head; and there was mainly amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neurodegenerative disorders, prostate cancer, leukocyte transendothelial migration metabolism pathway enriched out in retina.
CONCLUSION:By understanding bioinformatics result, it seems optic were more sensitive than the retina to high intraocular pressure, and weather high expression of TYrp1 gene can be as a sensitive diagnostic item require more evidence back up. Functional enrich analysis of node gene showed that cytoskeleton reconstructed, molecular motor and nutrients transport function improve in optic; and in retina, the most prominent finding in retina was enrichment function modules were focus on regeneration, repairing and differentiation of cells, which remind that we should reinforce research on reparation of retina of primary glaucoma. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis show that inflammatory response plays prominent place in optic and retina of primary glaucoma, because of the optic narrow and crowed anatomic shape, nutrient metabolism and substances transfer enrichment modules play an important role in optics of primary glaucoma.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oxycodone hydrochloride for postoperative analgesia in patients who received spin surgery.Methods Sixty -nine patients treated with spin surgery were included in this study and randomly divided into treatment group ( n=34 ) and control group ( n=35).Half an hour before the end of operation ,the patients of the two group were given oxycodone hydrochloride and morphine 0.07 mg · kg-1 , respectively.After extubation , patient -controlled analgesia pump was given with the background dosage of 0.5 mg · h -1 and one time push 1 mg of oxycodone hydrochloride or morphine.The mean arterial pressure ( MAP) , and heart rate were com-pared in the time points of entering the operation room ( T0 ) ,tracheal in-tubation ( T1 ) , 5 min after tracheal intubation ( T2 ) , and 15 min after tra-cheal intubation(T3) between the two groups.The recovery time, extu-bation time ,visual analogue scale ( VAS) ,observer assessment of sedation ( OAA/S ) score and safety were compared between the two groups . Results The MAP and heart rate were not statistically different between the two groups and among the time points ( P>0.05 ).The recovery time , extubation time , VAS, OAA/S score in treatment group were significant lower than those of control group( P<0.05 ).The adverse drug reaction rates were 17.14%and 8.82% in the control group and treatment group respectively with statistical difference ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion Compared with morphine , oxycodone hydrochloride is more effective and safe for postoperative analgesia in patients who received spin surgery.

OBJECTIVETo summarize clinical application result of the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap for repair of soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb.

METHODSFrom September 2003 to May 2007, 8 patients (6 males and 2 females) with soft tissue defects on the ipsilateral upper limb underwent reconstruction with the thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap. The age of patients was from 16- to 45-years-old with an average of 32 years. Of them, the recipient sites of 5 cases were located on the arm region, 3 cases on the forearm.

RESULTSThe minor superficial infection of 1 case occurred on the recipient site after operation and the wound gradually healed by daily change dressings. All the flaps had survived completely and the postoperative course was uneventful with satisfactory clinical results. Follow-up period ranged for 9-38 months after operation (mean, 19 months). There was no remarkable donor site morbidity. All cases had good appearance on recipient site.

CONCLUSIONThe thoracodorsal artery perforator pedicled flap is thin and suitable for repair of soft tissue defect on the ipsilateral upper limb.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Thoracic Arteries ; surgery ; Upper Extremity ; blood supply ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the immunogenetic features of human leukocyte antigen DRB1, DQB1 locus and children with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming and its association with digestive diseases and H. pylori to better understand the immunogenetic features of the H. pylori infection.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method was used to study the HLA-DRB1, DQB1 allelic frequency distribution on 35 children with H. pylori infection and 37 healthy controls in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

RESULTSAllelic frequencies of HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 in the H. pylori infection group were lower than those of the healthy control group (7.14% vs. 31.08%, chi(2) = 13.16, Pc < 0.012; 5.71% vs. 25.68%, chi(2) = 10.68, Pc = 0.007) but the rest alleles' frequencies did not show significant differences.

CONCLUSIONThese result suggested that HLA-DRB1 * 0901, DQB1 * 03032 might protect the H. pylori infection in Han ethnic population in Kunming.

Adolescent ; Alleles ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; ethnology ; Female ; HLA-DQ Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DQ beta-Chains ; HLA-DR Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; genetics ; immunology ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate the impact of the ischemic postconditioning on the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/IL-6/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT)-3 signal pathway of liver regeneration.

METHODSNinety healthy clean grade male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 230 to 280 g were selected and assigned into three groups randomly: group I subtotal hepatectomy (SH), group II ischemia reperfusion (IR), group III ischemic postconditioning (IPO). The left and middle liver was resected, and the remnant liver was treated as followed: the blood flow was not blocked in SH group, but blocked 30 minutes in IR group, then reperfused; IPO groups received three cycles of 30 s-30 s intermittent interruptions of blood flow at onset of reperfusion. At 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 h after reperfusion, the serum TNF-α, IL-6 was detected and the mRNA of cyclinD1, Cdk4, STAT-3 was assayed by real-time PCR as well as the protein expression of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with SH group, the expression of IL-6 declined at each set time point in IR group (t = 5.076 to 8.334, P = 0.000), but the content of TNF-α increased in early stage (1 to 12 h) (t = 2.972 to 7.215, P = 0.000 - 0.014). The expression of STAT-3, cyclinD1 and Cdk4 mRNA and protein of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion were lower in IR group than in SH group (t = 2.857 to 6.684, P = 0.000 to 0.017). However, there was a significant decrease in TNF-α from 1 to 12 h after reperfusion (t = 2.995 to 4.112, P = 0.002 to 0.017), but a significant increase in IL-6 in IPO group than in IR group (t = 2.458 to 3.543, P = 0.005 to 0.034). The expression of STAT-3, cyclinD1, Cdk4 mRNA and protein of cyclinD1 and Cdk4 at 24 and 48 h after reperfusion were all increased in IPO group in comparison with in IR group (t = 2.383 to 6.803, P = 0.000 to 0.038).

CONCLUSIONSThe ischemic postconditioning could promote the remnant liver regeneration after subtotal hepatectomy with ischemia reperfusion injury. Its mechanism relates with the activation of the TNF-α/IL-6/STAT-3 signal pathway of and the cyclinD1-Cdk4 complex which enhances the proliferation of hepatocyte.

Animals ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; metabolism ; Hepatectomy ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; Liver ; metabolism ; Liver Regeneration ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism