Objective It has been demonstrated that para-operative fasting often induce gastrointestinal mucosal atrophy, that, together with the surgically-stress effects, deteriorate the intestinal harrier structure and may further cause gut-origin infection. Parenteral nutrition has been widely employed in the patients undergone surgery or with trauma as a standard nutritional support in many hospitals. It can provide sufficient nutrients, including calories, nitrogen, and minerals for the daily and extra needs during the stress. However, numbers of investigations have proven that long term parenteral nutrition support has no effects on preventing intestinal mucosa atrophy, but indeed, consistently result in down-regulation of mucosal structure. It has been widely accepted in the clinic that enteral nutrition should be chosen as a priority mean, as to parenteral nutrition, to support the patients whenever they can tolerant. However, there are few reports concerning earlier use of enteral nutrition in post-operative patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of postoperative earlier enteral nutrition support (24～36 hours) on the patients undergone major surgery. The cases with earlier enteral nutrition feeding during last three years were reviewed and the feeding method, the effectiveness, and the complications of earlier feeding were investigated. In five cases, with two of proximal small intestine fistula, three of pancreas, duodenal injury, the total effectiveness was satisfactory. All patients gained wight and the nutritional states were much improved. The initial disease of the patients with earlier feeding were all cured within the time periods which were significantly shorter than those who had ordinary post-operative feeding. Only one case among five had mild nausea during the feeding, and was settled after anti-nauseas medications. Two cases with proximal small intestine fistula were recovered in four weeks time. We thus conclude that earlier enteral feeding post-operatively is a safe and effective method for those who have major surgery. It benefits bowel barrier function and further improves the recovery after surgery. Besides, earlier enteral feeding is less costly compared to parenteral nutrition, and easy to operate. A more case-based, prospective controlled clinical study should be organized in the future to further evaluate the usefulness of earlier enteral feeding in the patients with surgery.

Colorectal polyps are eminence lesions that protruded from mucosa into lumen,including adenomatous polyps and non-adenomatous polyps. Early detection and resection of adenoma has significance in prevention of colorectal cancer,and the surveillance afterwards is also crucial. Interval cancer is the colorectal cancer that develops between initial negative colonoscopy or all the polyps having cleared and the next colonoscopy. It is an important duty for endoscopists to reduce the incidence of interval cancer. This article reviewed the advances in studies on surveillance after resection of colorectal adenoma and the development of interval cancer.

Objective:To observe the factors of adverse drug reactions in the nervous system.Methods:197 cases of adverse drug events in the nervous system were collected and analyzed in our hospital from January,2007 to December, 2008.Results:In the 197 cases,80 patients(about 40.61%) were above 60 years old,and 149 patients(about 75.63%) were medicated by i.v.183 cases belonged to the scope of ADRs,and the other 14 cases,to ADEs.The main drugs were anti -bacterials which caused ADR/ADE of the nervous system,and the second were traditional Chinese drug preparations. Conclusion:The ADRs in the neurological system were involved in many kinds of drugs,and had many clinical manifestations. The clinicians should pay attention to them.

The differentiation and induction of neural stem cells (NSC), the most highlights in neuroscience at present is valuable application potency and great significance in theoretic study. The mechanism of the intrinsic (gene) and extrinsic factor (cytokine, microenvironment) affecting the NSC, and some progress on this field in the current years were reviewed.

Objective To explore the intrauterine disorders that leads to infertility and sterility in women.Methods From March 1993 to March 2008,a total of 2077 patients with infertility received hysteroscopic examination at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital.Among the patients,531 were diagnosed with intrauterine abnormalities including primary infertility in 172(32.4%) cases,secondary infertility in 315 cases(59.3%),and sterility in 44(8.3%).The clinical data of these patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The most common cause of infertility and sterility in the patients was intrauterine adhesion(231 cases,43.5%),followed by uterine deformities(152,28.6%) and endometrial polyps(88,16.6%).In the primary infertility group,the most common reason was endometrial polyps,which was detected in 38.4% of the cases(66/172).The rate was significantly higher than that in the secondary infertility group(6.0%,19/315) and sterility group(6.8%,3/44)(?2=80.7630,P=0.000;?2=16.0463,P=0.000).While in the secondary infertility group,intrauterine adhesion was detected in most of the patients(60.6%,191/315),that was significantly more than that in the sterility and primary groups(25.0%,11/44,?2=19.9232,P=0.000 and 16.9%,29/172,?2=86.0747,P=0.000,respectively).For the patients with sterility,the disease was caused by uterine deformities mostly(65.9%,29/44),which is significantly different from the other two groups(secondary group:25.1%,79/315,?2=30.5994,P=0.000;primary group:25.6%,44/172,?2=25.4673,P=0.000).Conclusion The major causes of primary infertility,secondary infertility,and sterility are endometrial polyp,intrauterine adhesion,and uterine deformities respectively.

Objective: To study the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprints of different germplasms of Flos Carthami. Methods: HPLC was applied in chromatographic separation of 36 different germplasms of Flos Carthami collected from 11 provinces of China. The chromatography condition was: Agilent Zorbax C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 mm); mobile phase: CAN, 0.5% H3PO4 (from 10 : 90 to 80 : 20); running time: 60 min; flow speed: 1.0 ml/min; detection wavelength: 265 nm; and temperature: 20°C. The data were processed by Chromatographic Fingerprint Station designed by Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University. Different germplasms of Flos Carthami were subjected to cluster analysis and their similarity was also evaluated. Results: The different germplasms of Flos Carthami in this study were grouped into 2 chemical types. Samples from northwest of China were of high similarity; samples from the middle China were of high similarity to those from South China. The similarity of some germplasms of Flos Carthami was significantly different. Conclusion: The chemical components of different germplasms of Flos Carthami are obviously different from each other; selection of germplasm is very important in quality control of Flos Carthami.

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most critical diseases that impair the quality of patients' life, but its pathogenesis has not yet been fully understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is an extracellular matrix protein containing Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence and has been recently recognized as a potential inflammatory cytokine. It is discovered that OPN plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. It is a bridge between bone and the immune system. This paper reviewed the pivotal role that OPN plays in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective:To investigate the reliability of tooth color-measuring by using digital cameras.Methods: 3D-Master shade guide system was measured by Canon EOS D60,CRAIC QDI2000 micropectrophotometer and ShadeEye-NCC directly.The data collected from the three methods were analyzed statistically to evaluate the reliability of the data measured by digital cameras.Results:There was no significant difference between the data measured by digital cameras and ShadeEye-NCC statistically;while that existed between the parameters of L* collected by digital cameras and microspectrophotometer were obviously co-related(P

Objective To investigate the correlation between the severity of coronary artery disease with se-rum bilirubin and left ventricular cardiac function. Methods Two hundred and six patients underwent blood bio-chemical ,color-echocardiography and angiography of coronary artery. The patients were divided into 4 ordinal groups according to the Gensini score indicating the severity of coronary artery disease. Results There were significant differences in total bilirubin(TBIL), left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular dimension (LVD) and left ventric-ular ejection fraction (LVEF) between the four groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The Spearman correlation coefficent between Gensini's scores and LAD, LVD were 0.280 (P=0.000) and 0.176 (P=0.011), respectively. The Spearman correlation coefficient between Gemini's scores and TBIL, LVEF were -0.541 (P<0.000) and -0.222 (P=0.001), respectively. The multiple linear regression between the Gensini's score and parameters showed that TBIL and LVD were independently correlated with the Gensini scores (P=0.000 and P=0.002, respec-tively). Conclusions TBIL and LVD were independently correlated with Gensini's score. LVEF was negatively cor-related with the severity of coronary disease and is a useful predictor for the severity of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease.

To explore the central mechanisms of anger emotion and the effects of Chinese herbal medicines for regulating liver qi on the anger emotion and the expression level of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3B receptor (5-HT3BR) in rat hypothalamus.