MAPK(mitogen-activated protein kinase) family,which is conserved throughout high eukaryotes,is implicated in multiple cellular processes including cell growth,migration,proliferation,differentiation,survival and development.Pathogen hijacks hosts' MAPK pathways to facilitate its pathogenesis using diverse strategies.To further explore the mechanism underlying interactions between pathogens and hosts' MAPK pathway,is of benefit to our understanding of nature as well as to our fight against pathogen infection.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular interventional minimally invasive techniques in treatment of acute brachial artery injury.Methods A retrospective case series study was designed to analyzed data of 16 cases (11 males and 5 females) sustaining acute brachial artery injury treated from March 2011 to August 2016.Mean age was 47.9 years (range,27-66 years).Left upper extremity vascular injury occurred in 7 cases and right upper extremity vascular injury occurred in 9.There were 13 cases of arterial intima injury and 3 of arterial pseudoaneurysm.All patients underwent endovascular therapy including stent implantation and balloon dilatation.Angiography was used to evaluate the repair of brachial artery and the operation time was recorded.Improvements of distal limb arterial pulse and limb ischemic symptoms were observed,and the patients who were followed up with stent lumen stenosis more than 50％ received endovascular treatment again.Results The procedures was successful in all patients,with operation time of 30-75 minutes (mean,45 minutes).After the insertion of a stent,recovered brachial artery blood flow and disappeared pseudoaneurysm were observed on angiography,without occurrence of stent stenosis or contrast extravasation.Symptoms of local pain and numbness were alleviated,and blood supply of the distal brachial artery was improved after operation.All patients were followed up for 3-36 months(mean,16.7 months).The false aneurysm did not recur.Two cases of stent stenosis more than 50％ had a second balloon dilation procedure and the blood flow returned to normal.Stent patency was found in 14 cases with stent stenosis of less than 50％.During the follow-up period,no ischemic necrosis,displacement of the stent or stent fracture were found.Conclusion For acute brachial artery injury,endovascular management exhibits higher technical success rate and good clinical outcome with a low incidence of complications.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the variation of serum galectin-3 and its correlation with ventricular remodeling in children with chronic cardiac failure (CHF). Methods Forty-ifve children with CHF were included and divided into cardiac function II group (n=10 ), III group (n=18 ), and IV group (n=17 ) according to the severity of CHF. The subjects were also divided into endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE) group (n=21 ) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) group (n=24 ) according to primary disease. Thirty health children were included as control group. The level of serum galectin-3 was detected by ELISA. The level of serum NT-pro BNP was measured by radio immunoassay. The index of ventricular remodeling was detected by ultrasonic cardiogram. The correlation of the level of serum galectin-3 with ventricular remodeling and the level of serum NT-pro BNP were analyzed. Results In 45 children ( 19 males and 26 females) with CHF, the mean age was 3 . 42 ± 1 . 89 years. The levels of serum galectin-3 and NT-pro BNP were higher in cardiac function II group, III group, and IV group than those in control group (all P?0 . 05 ). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the level of serum galectin-3 was positively correlated with the left ventricular end diastolic diameter, the left ventricular mass, the left ventricular mass fraction, and the level of serum NT-pro BNP (all P?

Objective To investigate the application status of aspirin for secondary prevention among elderly patients with ischemic stroke in some community hospitals in Shanghai,and explore the main causes for inappropriate use of aspirin and the effect of aspirin on the prevention of ischemic stroke recurrence. Methods The cross-sectional investigation was employed,and 223 patients from 10 community hospitals of Shanghai were divided into regularly-received aspirin group(n=98) and irregularly-received aspirin group(n=125).The application status of aspirin was investigated and the relationship between aspirin application and ischemic stroke recurrence was explored. Results Fifty-one cases in irregularly-received aspirin group(40.80%) stopped aspirin use or reduced the dose due to possible adverse effects,which accounted for 22.87% of the total population investigated,and 42 cases in irregularly-received aspirin group(33.60%)were never suggested to use aspirin or only used traditional Chinese medicine.The rate of ischemic stroke recurrence was 30.61%(30 cases) in regularly-received aspirin group,and 49.60%(62 cases) in irregularly-received aspirin group,which existed significant differences between these two group(P

Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; complications ; Blue Toe Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Color ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Male

The paper reviews the background and current situation of medical disputes and puts forward the concept of the reaction chain of medical disputes in view of their high occurrence rate and the difficulty in handling them. It discusses the framework, chief content, basic principles and major features of the reaction chain of medical disputes and argues that as a commonly used tool for handling medical disputes, the reaction chain renders it possible to check from the angje of the interests of the patients whether each party involved in the dispute has fulfilled its duties. Intended to improve the professional ethics of the physicians and the quality of medical care and calling on the patients to rebuild their confidence in the physicians, the reaction chain indicates that it is necessary to scientifically analyze the entire process and various influencing factors of medical disputes and bring into play the advantages of integration so as to successfully resolve medical disputes.

Active fractions were obtained from the c(?)amworm homogenate by reverse-phase concentration, gel filtration and affinity column chromatography. The MTS/PMS assay was used in the screening of antimicrobial peptide in vitro. The MTS/PMS assay and ELISAAFP method were combined to evaluate the effects of antimicrobial peptide on the proliferation and ?-fetoprotein secretion of HepG2 cells as well as on the proliferation of normal mouse osteoblast MC3T3-E1. The results showed that the purified antimicrobial peptide from clamworm Murphysa sanguinea was a constitutive basic protein with MW 8.1 kDa and pI 8.6, which showed inhibition effects on the proliferation and ?-fetoprotein secretion of HepG2 cells at different levels. These effects have a positive correlation with the concentrations of antimicrobial peptide. No obvious inhibition and damage effects were observed on the normal osteoblast.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of homemade patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure device for patients with very large PDA. Methods A total of 15 patients (12 females) with very large PDA, underwent transcatheter occlusion with homemade PDA devices. The median age was 21?8 (16-46) years old. The median diameter of the PDA at its narrowest point was 16?3 (13-22) mm. Aortic angiography and measurement of pulmonary pressure were performed before and after the closure of PDA. Repeat echocardiography was performed on each patient at one week, one month and six months after the procedure. Results Fifteen patients underwent transcatheter closure using a device of 23?4 (18-32)mm in diameter, and all of them showed a trace to small shunt by aortic angiography 30 minutes after the procedure. Thirteen patients was successfully occluded with a peak systolic pulmonary pressure decreased from 113?21 mm?Hg to 70?29 mm?Hg (P