Delayed gastric emptying is a syndrome of gastric motility disorder with slow gastric emptying as the main sign, provided that mechanical factors such as intestinal obstruction and anastomotic stricture are excluded. The incidence of delayed gastric emptying after colon cancer surgery is 1.4%, mainly after transverse colon cancer surgery. Most of the studies on delayed gastric emptying are case reports, lacking systematic studies. The diagnoses and treatments can be draw on the experience of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatic surgery. Our retrospective study indicated that the incidence of delayed gastric emptying after surgery for transverse colon cancer was 4.0%, higher than that for other colon cancer. Patients who underwent gastrocolic ligament lymph node dissection were at higher risk than those who did not (3.6% vs. 0.8%). Gastrocolic ligament lymph node dissection and stress are causative factors for delayed gastric emptying after surgery for transverse colon cancer. We add the gastrografin test upon the diagnostic criteria of the International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery, which is simple and practical. Nasogastric tube decompression, enteral nutrition combined with parenteral nutrition, glucocorticoids, and prokinetic agents can cure most patients with postoperative delayed gastric emptying. All the patients with postoperative delayed gastric emptying were cured in our studies. Strict indications for gastrocolic ligament lymph node dissection (patients with cT3-4 and cN+) may decrease the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying after surgery for transverse colon cancer.
Colon, Transverse/surgery* ; Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Gastric Emptying ; Gastroparesis/surgery* ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the causes, diagnosis and treatment of gastroparesis syndrome after nongastrectomy abdominal operation.

METHODSThe clinical data of 22 cases with gastroparesis syndrome after nongastrectomy abdominal operation from 1972 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTSGastroparesis syndrome after nongastrectomy abdominal operation often occurred during 4-6 days postoperatively when the patients began to take in food, characterized by upper abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, strong splashing bowel sound, weak bowel sound and large quantity of gastric drainage ranging from 1000 to 3000 ml every day. Barium meal was valuable not only in the diagnosis but also effective for promoting gas motility. It revealed a non-peristaltic, flabby and static stomach, and retention of contrast medium in the stomach even 5-6 hours later. All the patients recovered through non-operative therapy for 5-25 days including continuous gastrointestinal decompression, TPN and gastro-intestinal dynamic medicine.

CONCLUSIONSThe causes of gastroparesis syndrome after nongastrectomy abdominal operation are multifactorial, most of such patients can be cured by non-operative therapy.

Abdominal Cavity ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastroparesis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

At present, comprehensive treatment dominated by surgical procedures is an important measure for colon cancer to obtain the chance of cure. Surgical intervention, while removing the tumor, carries the risk of postoperative gastroparesis (PG) . Because of the low incidence rate and insignificant early clinical symptoms, early stage PG is often overlooked clinically. However, PG can increase the risk of malnutrition, delay postoperative antitumor treatment, and increase the risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis. This review focuses on the mechanisms, clinical risk factors, preventive measures, and advances in treatment of PG due to colon cancer. Aim to increase the clinician's adequate attention to PG in colon cancer and from a surgical point to reduce the risk of gastroparesis in colon cancer by optimizing the surgical strategy.
Colonic Neoplasms/surgery* ; Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects* ; Gastroparesis/therapy* ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local

No abstract available.
Aged ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Gastroparesis/complications/*diagnosis/radiography ; Gastroscopy ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/complications/*diagnosis ; Humans ; Stomach Volvulus/*diagnosis/etiology/surgery ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors of postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after subtotal gastrectomy in gastric cancer and the impact of PGS on prognosis.

METHODSClinical data of 422 patients who underwent subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in the Central Hospital of Huzhou Sity from January 2004 to May 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. Risk factors of PGS were indentified and the recurrence-free survival was compared between the patients with and without PGS.

RESULTSPGS occurred in 42 patients (9.5%). Univariate analysis showed that: age over 65, combination of anxiety disorder, low-albuminemia in perioperative period, pyloric obstruction in preoperative period, high serume glucose level (≥ 11.2 mmol/L) in postoperative period, Billroth II (gastroenterostomy, operation time over 4 hours, using patient-controlled analgesia, or intravenous fluid over 3500 ml/d (all P<0.05) were prone to develop PGS. These might be potential clinical risk factors associated to PGS. Correlation analysis showed the number of clinical risk factors was positively correlated with the incidence of PGS (r=0.967, P<0.05). A total of 215 cases (50.9%) were followed up for 3-60 months. The mean recurrence-free survival time of patients with PGS was 26.1 months, which was shorter than that of those without PGS (33.4 months, P=0.029).

CONCLUSIONSGastric cancer patients with the clinical risk factors mentioned above are prone to develop PGS after subtotal gastrectomy. PGS is associated with poor prognosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Gastroparesis ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To establish a modified endoscopic Freka Trelumina placement (mEFTP) for modifying or substituting the traditional endoscopic Freka Trelumina placement (EFTP) and to explore the safety and feasibility of mEFTP in patients requiring enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression in general surgery. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing EFTP or mEFTP at General Surgery Department of 920 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army from January 2016 to January 2018. INCLUSION CRITERIA: the function of lower digestive tract was normal; patients who could not eat through mouth or nasogastric tube needed to have enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression; the retention time of Freka Trelumina (FT) was not expected to exceed 2 months. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: contraindication for gastroscopy; suspected shock or digestive tract perforation; suspected mental diseases; infectious diseases of digestive tract; thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. mEFIP procedure was as follow. FT was inserted into stomach through one side nasal cavity, gastroscope was inserted into stomach cavity, and the front part of FT was clamped with biopsy forceps through biopsy hole. Biopsy forceps and FT were inserted into the pylorus or anastomosis under gastroscope, and they were pushed into the duodenum or output loop. During pushing, the gastroscope did not pass through the duodenum or output loop. The biopsy forceps was released and pushed out, and FT was pushed with biopsy forceps synchronously into the duodenum or output loop more than 5 cm. The foreign body forceps was inserted through the biopsy hole, and the FT tube was held in the stomach and pushed to the duodenum or output loop. The previous steps repeated until the suction cavity reached the pylorus or anastomosis. The gastroscope was exited gently; the guide wire was pulled out slowly. EFTP procedure: foreign body forceps was used to clamp the front part of FT, and gastroscope, foreign body forceps and FT pass the pylorus or anastomosis simultaneously to reach the descendent duodenum or output loop as a whole. The time of catheterization was recorded and position of FT was examined by X-ray within 1 h after catheterization. The success rate of catheterization and morbidity of complications after catheterization were evaluated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 141 patients were enrolled, 72 in the mEFTP group and 69 in the EFTP group. In mEFTP group, 45 cases were males and 27 were females with an average age of 55.8(37-76) years; 27 cases had normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (postoperative gastroplegia syndrome due to colon cancer in 17 cases, due to rectal cancer in 10 cases) and 45 had upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes (gastric cancer with pylorus obstruction in 18 cases and anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy in 27 cases). In the EFTP group, 41 were males and 28 were females with an average age of 55.3(36-79) years; 33 cases had normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy (postoperative gastroplegia syndrome due to colon cancer in 20 cases, due to rectal cancer in 13 cases) and 36 had upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes (gastric cancer with pylorus obstruction in 15 cases and anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy in 21 cases). In patients with normal upper digestive tract anatomy, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (4.9±1.7) minutes which was shorter than (7.6±1.7) minutes of EFTP(t=6.683, P<0.001). In patients of gastric cancer with pyloric obstruction, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (6.6±1.6) minutes which was shorter than (10.5±2.6) minutes of EFTP (t=4.724, P<0.001). In patients with anastomotic block after gastroenterostomy, the average catheterization time of mEFTP was (11.3±2.5) minutes which was shorter than (15.1±3.5) minutes of EFTP (t=4.513, P<0.001). In patients with normal upper gastrointestinal anatomy, there were no significant differences in the success rate of catheterization and the morbidity of catheterization complication between mEFTP and EFTP (all P>0.05). In patients with upper gastrointestinal anatomic changes, the success rate of catheterization in mEFTP was even higher than that in EFTP, but the difference was not significant [97.8%(41/45) vs. 86.1%(31/36), χ²=2.880, P=0.089]; while the morbidity of catheterization complication in mEFTP was lower than that in EFTP [0 vs. 8.3%(3/36), χ²=3.894, P=0.048]. CONCLUSIONS Whether the upper gastrointestinal anatomy is normal or not, mEFTP presents shorter catheterization time, higher success catheterization rate than EFTP, and is safety. mEFTP can be widely applied to clinical practice for patients requiring enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression.
Adult ; Aged ; Decompression, Surgical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Enteral Nutrition ; instrumentation ; methods ; Female ; Gastric Outlet Obstruction ; etiology ; surgery ; Gastroparesis ; etiology ; surgery ; Gastroscopy ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Intubation, Gastrointestinal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Diseases ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopy-assisted pylorus-vagus nerve preserving gastrectomy (LAPPG) and laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) in order to evaluate the feasibility of LAPPG in the treatment of early middle gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical and follow-up data of 60 patients with early middle gastric cancer undergoing laparoscopic operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University from September 2003 to July 2010 were analyzed retrospectively, including 35 patients with LAPPG and 25 with LADG. Operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, postoperative nutritional status and long-term survival were compared between two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in baseline information between the two groups. Distal resection margin distance of LAPPG group was significantly shorter than that of LADG group [(2.64±1.29) cm vs. (4.66±2.01) cm, P=0.001], while operative time, blood loss, and number of harvested lymph node were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). In LAPPG group, ratio of delayed gastric emptying was significantly higher [28.6%(10/35) vs. 8.0%(2/25), P=0.046] and ratio of acid reflux was significantly lower [0 vs. 20.0%(5/25), P=0.038] as compared to LADG group, while postoperative complications, body weight and serum albumin level were not significantly different between the two groups (all P>0.05). Postoperative overall 5-year survival rate was 91.1% and 90.3% in LAPPG and LADG group respectively without significant difference (P=0.704).

CONCLUSIONLAPPG can effectively control the velocity of postoperative gastric emptying and decrease gastric reflux without affecting oncologic efficacy, which is a good choice in the treatment of early middle gastric cancer.

Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; methods ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastroparesis ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Postoperative Complications ; Postoperative Period ; Pylorus ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagus Nerve

OBJECTIVETo examine the relationship between gastric conduit width and postoperative early delayed gastric emptying (DGE) in patients with middle-lower esophageal carcinoma who underwent Ivor-Lewis operation.

METHODSClinical data of 282 consecutive patients with middle-lower esophageal cancer who underwent the Ivor-Lewis operation by same surgical team in our department from January 2013 to June 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into three groups according to the width of gastric conduit: width > 5.0 cm as broad group (n=93); width 3.0-5.0 cm as moderate group (n=70); width < 3.0 cm as narrow group (n=119). The gastric conduits of patients in narrow group were completely positioned the esophageal bed and fixed to the pericardium posterior wall. None of patients received pyloroplasty or pylorotomy. Perioperative data, operation-associated complications, and postoperative upper gastrointestinal radiographic results(1 week and 4 weeks after operation) were compared among groups.

RESULTSThe baseline data among these groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, tumor TNM staging, pathological types, serum albumin level, and the rate of receiving neoadjuvant therapy(all P>0.05). There were no significant differences in operative time, blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay among groups(all P>0.05). No patients died during perioperative peried. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 2 cases, one from broad group and another from narrow group. The incidences of arrhythmia and postoperative pulmonary complications, including infection, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and pleural effusion were similar among groups (all P>0.05). The average amount of gastric juice drainage in narrow group was (98±57) ml/day, which was markedly lower than that in broad group [(157±62) ml/day, P=0.000] and in moderate group [(123±68) ml/day, P=0.008]. One week after operation, the overall incidence of DGE was 10.6%(30/282), the incidence of DGE in broad, moderate, narrow groups was 17.2%(16/93), 14.3%(10/70), and 3.4%(4/119) respectively, and broad and moderate groups had higher incidence as compared to narrow group (P=0.001 and P=0.006).

CONCLUSIONDuring the Ivor-Lewis operation, application of a narrow gastric conduit (width < 3.0 cm), which completely position the esophageal bed with fixation to the pericardium posterior wall, can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative early DGE.

Anastomotic Leak ; etiology ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Carcinoma ; surgery ; Drainage ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; adverse effects ; Gastric Juice ; secretion ; Gastroparesis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Pericardium ; surgery ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Upper Gastrointestinal Tract ; anatomy & histology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo compare the short-term efficacy and long-term survival between Sweet and Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for patients with middle-lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSClinicopathologic data of 1 308 patients with middle-lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing Sweet or Ivor-Lewis procedures in our department from January 2007 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed, including 1 021 patients of Sweet operation (Sweet group) and 287 patients of Ivor-Lewis operation(Ivor-lewis group). Lymph node clearance, lymphatic metastasis, postoperative complication morbidity and long-term survival were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in baseline data between the two groups(all P>0.05). There were more lymph nodes resected during the Ivor-Lewis procedure compared with the Sweet procedure (20.8 vs.19.3, P=0.030). Compared with Ivor-Lewis group, the incidence of wound infection in Sweet group was significantly lower[(3.2%(33/1 021) vs. 8.0%(23/287), P=0.000]. Sweet group had a significantly lower rate of delayed gastric emptying[1.9%(19/1 021) vs. 5.2%(15/287), P=0.002] and significantly shorter hospital stay (14.7 days vs. 17.2 days, P=0.029). With respect to other postoperative complications, such as pulmonary complications, cardiac events, anastomotic leakage, vocal cord palsy, chylothorax and pyothorax, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate was not significantly different between the two group (54.0% vs. 56.9%, P=0.873). Stratified analysis based on TNM staging showed that no significant difference of 5-year survival rate was found between the two groups in stageI( and stageIII( patients (P>0.05), while the 5-year survival rate of stageII( patients in Sweet group was significantly lower than that in Ivor-Lewis group (56.4%% vs. 70.4%, P=0.039).

CONCLUSIONSFor patients with middle-lower esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Sweet procedure has certain superiority regarding the incidence of wound infection and delayed gastric emptying compared with the Ivor-Lewis procedure. Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy can harvest more lymph nodes. The 5-year survival rate of these two procedures is similar. Sweet procedure is still valuable in clinical practice, especially for stageI( and stageIII( patients, while it requires thorough considerations for stageII( patients.

Anastomotic Leak ; Antineoplastic Protocols ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; mortality ; surgery ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; mortality ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Gastroparesis ; etiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Length of Stay ; Lymph Node Excision ; statistics & numerical data ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; statistics & numerical data ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Wound Infection ; etiology ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility of segmental pylorus-reservation gastrectomy in patients with early gastric cancer.

METHODA retrospective cohort study on clinical data of 6 patients strictly met the criteria of early gastric cancer locating in the middle of the stomach undergoing laparoscopic segmental gastrectomy from January 2014 to April 2016 at Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital was carried out. Preoperative clinical staging revealed T1N0M0 for all the cases. One case received endoscopic mucosa resection(EMR) first, and postoperative pathology showed moderate differentiated adenocarcinoma invading substratum of mucosa, so a complementary laparoscopic segmental gastrectomy was performed. Surgical procedure was laparoscopic segmental gastrectomy with D1 or D2 lymph node dissection. Vagus nerve was not reserved during lymph node dissection in lesser curvature side. Number of resected lymph node, postoperative complication and long-term gastric function were observed.

RESULTOf 6 cases, 3 were male and 3 were female with age ranging from 55 to 59 years old. The distal resection margin was (4.6±0.5) cm away from pylorus. The average number of resected lymph node was 18.3±7.5 without metastasis. Follow-up time was 1 to 29 months for all the 6 cases and no relapse or metastasis was found during the follow-up. In 4 cases with follow-up beyond 1 year, 3 cases had slight distension in superior belly after meal and dyspepsia; another one case had vomiting nocturnal occasionally. Gastroscope examination one year after operation found food residue in all the cases. Images indicated the decrease of stomach size in all the cases. Two cases had esophagogastric reflux. All the patients had delayed gastric emptying symptoms after operations and were relieved within one year.

CONCLUSIONSIt is technically feasible to perform laparoscopic segmental gastrectomy in patients with early gastric cancer. Whether vagus nerve should be reserved requires further investigation.

Female ; Gastrectomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Gastroparesis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Lymph Node Excision ; adverse effects ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome ; Vagus Nerve ; surgery ; Vomiting ; epidemiology ; etiology