Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; Consensus ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; adverse effects

Brain Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; Eye Diseases ; drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Photochemotherapy ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; Skin Diseases ; drug therapy ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Tooth Diseases ; drug therapy ; Urologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis is defined by mutations within the KIT and PDGFRα gene. Surgical resection is the only radical treatment at present, but recurrence is common. In recent years, targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate, which inhibits KIT kinase activity, represents the other cornerstone for the treatment of GIST. For resectable GIST, operation combined with neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy with imatinib mesylate or other tyrosine kinase inhibitors can improve the prognosis of high-risk patients before or after complete resection. For unresectable GIST, targeted therapy with imatinib mesylate can effectively inhibit and ameliorate the progression of GIST.
Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use

The intestine harbors a large population of microorganisms that interact with epithelial cells to maintain host healthy physiological status. These intestinal microbiota engage in the fermentation of non-digestible nutrients and produce beneficial metabolites to regulate host homeostasis, metabolism, and immune response. The disruption of microbiota, known as dysbiosis, has been implicated in many intestinal diseases, including colorectal cancer (CRC). As the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, CRC poses a significant health burden. There is an urgent need for novel interventions to reduce CRC incidence and improve clinical outcomes. Modulating the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a promising approach for CRC prevention and treatment. Current research efforts in CRC probiotics primarily focus on reducing the incidence of CRC, alleviating treatment-related side effects, and potentiating the efficacy of anticancer therapy, which is the key to successful translation to clinical practice. This paper aims to review the traditional probiotics and new interventions, such as next-generation probiotics and postbiotics, in the context of CRC. The underlying mechanisms of probiotic anti-cancer effects are also discussed, including the restoration of microbial composition, reinforcement of gut barrier integrity, induction of cancer cell apoptosis, inactivation of carcinogens, and modulation of host immune response. This paper further evaluates the novel strategy of probiotics as an adjuvant therapy in boosting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Despite all the promising findings presented in studies, the evaluation of potential risks, optimization of delivery methods, and consideration of intra-patient variability of gut microbial baseline must be thoroughly interpreted before bench-to-bedside translation.
Humans ; Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Microbiota ; Probiotics/therapeutic use*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of laughter therapy on depression, anxiety, fatigue, and quality of sleep in gastrointestinal cancer survivors. METHODS: This study was a randomized controlled trial. We compared the effect of laughter therapy with usual care only in post chemotherapy gastrointestinal patients. Outcomes included changes in depression and anxiety (according to the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), fatigue (according to the Fatigue Severity Scale), and quality of sleep (according to the Verran & Synder-Halpern Sleep Scale). Data was collected July 2015 through January 2016. Seventy nine participants who agreed to participate in this study were randomized to either the experimental group (n=40) or the control group (n=39). Therapy included eight sessions (60 minutes each, once weekly). Data were analyzed using the Windows SPSS 22.0 program. RESULTS: Laughter therapy was effective in reducing fatigue (p=.019) and increasing satisfaction of sleep (p=.030). There were no differences between the groups after therapy for depression (p=.129) and anxiety (p=.200). CONCLUSION: Results of this study indicate that laughter therapy may be an effective nursing intervention for improving the health status of gastrointestinal cancer survivors after chemotherapy.
Anxiety ; Depression ; Drug Therapy ; Fatigue ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Laughter Therapy ; Laughter ; Nursing ; Survivors

Targeted agents increase response rates and improved overall survival in treatment of metastatic gastrointestinal cancer. Therefore, physicians pay more attention to the role of targeted agents in treatment of local advanced gastrointestinal cancer. The clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the efficacy of Trastuzumab in neoadjuvant treatment of local advanced gastric cancer with HER-2 gene over expression. Many studies reported Cetuximab plus chemotherapy as a conversion treatment improve R0 resection rates and prolonged overall survival of the patients with potentially resectable colorectal cancer liver metastasis with wild type KRAS gene status. A phase III( clinical trial is assessing the conversion efficacy of Bevacizumab in unresectable disease with KRAS gene mutation. Current evidence showed that neoadjuvant therapy of targeted agents did not prolong survival of patients with resectable liver metastasis. However, this is controversial. In neoadjuvant therapy of local advanced rectal cancer, Cetuximab did not improve the rates of pathological complete response in most of the phase II( trials. Furthermore, there are no phase III( trials to assess the role of Bevacizumab. Compared to chemotherapy alone for metastatic cancer, it is more important to evaluate the interaction and synergistic action of targeted agents, cytotoxic drugs, surgery and radiation, to make a scientific multidisciplinary model in comprehensive treatment of local advanced cancer.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Bevacizumab ; Cetuximab ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Trastuzumab

Peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer is an independent factor that seriously affects the prognosis of patients. The "seed-soil" theory is considered to be the main theory to explain peritoneal metastasis. Because of the small size of peritoneal metastatic nodules at the initial stage, early diagnosis is particularly difficult, therefore, the risk assessment of peritoneal metastasis is very important. Recently, the diagnosis methods have gradually developed from clinicopathological factors to cytology and molecular level. In addition, the integrated assessment of multiple groups including radiomics further enriches the accurate diagnosis of peritoneal metastasis. Peritoneal metastasis is a big challenge in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer which may also lead to refractory malignant ascites, intestinal obstruction, cachexia and other related complications. At present, the treatment is based on systemic chemotherapy. The combination of surgery, intraperitoneal chemotherapy and HIPEC is an effective treatment for peritoneal metastasis of gastrointestinal cancer. How to enrich peritoneal metastasis patients with potential benefits, how to determine the timing of conversion surgery, how to further optimize the existing treatment plan, especially how to formulate treatment plan for patients after conversion surgery, call for improved study design and prospective randomized controlled trials. The goal of continuous efforts is to effectively prolong the survival of gastrointestinal cancer trials patients with peritoneal metastasis.
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Hyperthermia, Induced ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Peritoneum ; Prospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy*

To study the clinical effect of oral sirolimus in the treatment of children with blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) in the gastrointestinal tract, a retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and follow-up results of two children with BRBNS treated by sirolimus. The two children with BRBNS had gastrointestinal bleeding and anemia and were treated with sirolimus at a dose of 1 mg/day as part of treatment. The plasma concentration of the drug was maintained between 2.5-12.0 ng/mL. The children showed disappearance of gastrointestinal bleeding and improvements in anemia and coagulation function, and blood transfusion could be stopped during treatment, with no obvious adverse drug reactions. PubMed, Wanfang Data, and CNKI were searched for related articles on sirolimus in the treatment of BRBNS. A total of 26 cases of children with BRBNS, aged 0-18 years, were obtained. With the addition of the 2 cases in this study, sirolimus treatment achieved a satisfactory clinical effect in all 28 cases. Sirolimus may be effective and safe in the treatment of children with BRBNS, and further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of this drug.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Nevus, Blue ; drug therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; Skin Neoplasms ; drug therapy

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) represents the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. With decades of development, surgical excision combined with molecular targeted agents is becoming the mode for the GIST treatment. Imatinib mesylate (IM) is the first-line therapy medicine for GIST adjuvant treatment, and it significantly reduces recurrence or metastasis and increases survival. According to the recently results of SSGXVIII/AIO study, imatinib adjuvant therapy should be administered for at least 3 years for the GIST patients with a high estimated risk of recurrence and metastasis after surgery. Nevertheless, the optimal duration of the adjuvant therapy or the follow-up policy remains unclear, and we look forward to standard assessment criteria for individualized treatment.
Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use

Mutation of c-kit and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) is the most important molecular feature of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Mutation detection of these two genes is of great significance when establishing the diagnosis of a kit-negative GIST, or when predicting response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, more and more researches focus on the feasibility of the mutation status using as a prognostic factor in recent years.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; genetics ; Receptor, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor alpha ; genetics