Mosapride citrate (Mosapride) is a new prokinetic agent that enhances the gastrointestinal (GI) motility by stimulation of 5-HT4 receptors. This agent stimulates acetylcholine release from enteric cholinergic neurons in the GI wall. It was reported in several studies that mosapride selectively enhanced the upper, but not lower, GI motor activity. However, in these studies other 5-HT4 receptor agonists exerted stimulating effects on the motility of the colon. Moreover, it is well known that the receptors of 5-HT4 are also located in the colon. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of mosapride on the motility of the stomach, ileum and colon in the guinea pig and to investigate whether or not mosapride influenced the colonic motility. Mosapride significantly increased the amplitude of the contraction waves in the guinea pig stomach by electrical stimulation. In addition, it significantly increased the number of peaks, the area under the curve and the propagation velocity of the peristaltic contraction of the guinea pig ileum in a concentration dependent fashion. Mosapride also significantly shortened the transit time of the guinea pig colon. Accordingly, we concluded that mosapride exerted prokinetic effect on the entire GI tract of the guinea pig. Based on the possibility of similar results in humans, we suggest the potential use of mosapride for lower GI motor disorders such as constipation and upper GI motor disorders such as gastroesophageal reflex disease or gastroparesis.
Animals ; Benzamides/*pharmacology ; Colon/*drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Agents/*pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Motility/*drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Ileum/*drug effects ; Morpholines/*pharmacology ; Stomach/*drug effects ; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

AIMTo explore the effect of central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) on gastric motility in rabbit and to analysis its mechanism.

METHODSIntracerebroventricular (icv) microinjection of drugs were used. The frequency and the amplitude of contractions of gastric motility were recorded.

RESULTS(1) Injection (icv) of 25 microg 5-HT increased the amplitude of contractions and decreased the frequency of gastric motility. (2) The effects of 5-HT were inhibited by injection (icv) of atropine, but intravenous(iv) injection of atropine could only block the increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure. After injection (icv or iv) of phentolamine or propranolol, the effects of 5-HT on gastric motility were not changed markedly. (3) Microinjection (icv) of naloxone or diphenhydramine inhibited the inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the frequency of gastric contractions, and the diphenhydramine reversed the increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure. (4) Vagotomy abolished the effects of 5-HT completely.

CONCLUSIONThere may be different nerve mechanisms in regulation of central 5-HT on the frequency and amplitude of contractions of gastric motility. The increase effect of 5-HT on intragastric pressure is medicated by the cholinergic system in brain, and histamine may be one of the important element on the effect of 5-HT. The cholinergic fibers in vagus nerve transmit the effect. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT on the frequency of contractions is also medicated by activating the cholinergic system in brain, enkephalin and histamine are also involved, and it is transmitted via noncholinergic and nonadrenergic fibers in vagus nerve.

Animals ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; physiology ; Lateral Ventricles ; Rabbits ; Serotonin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

AIMTo explore the effect of sodium 4',7-bihydroxylisoflavone-sulfonate (SBIS) on gastric motility in rats and to analyse its mechanisms.

METHODSUsing intraperitoneal (ip) injection and intracerebroventriular (icv) microinjection of drugs and recording the frequency and amplitude of contraction of gastric motility.

RESULTS(1) The injection (ip) of different doses of SBIS could decrease the amplitude of gastric motility, but it wasn't a dose-dependent effect. SBIS also had no effect on the frequency of contraction. (2) The ip injection of naloxone reversed the inhibitory effect of SBIS on the amplitude of gastric contraction. (3) The effect of SBIS could be increased by the ip injection of propranolol and be reversed by the ip injection of phentolamine. (4) After the ip injection of atropine, the effect of SBIS on gastric motility had not been changed remarkably. (5) Different doses of SBIS had been microinjected (icy), but only the small dose decreased the amplitude of gastric motility and also the frequency of contraction had not been markedly changed.

CONCLUSIONBoth the i.p. and icv injection of SBIS can inhibit the gastric motility. Its effect can be achieved at least not only by endogenous opioid peptide and its receptors, but also adrenergic neuron and its alpha-receptors. Adrenergic neuron and its beta-receptors are also involved in the modulating effect of SBIS.

Animals ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Isoflavones ; pharmacology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate regulative effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies on derangement of gastric electric rhythm in rabbits.

METHODSDerangement of gastric electric rhythm model was made with injection of erythromycin into ear vein in 40 rabbits, and randomly divided into a model group, a 3 Hz-EA group, a 20 Hz-EA group and a 100 Hz-EA group. They were treated with EA at Zusanli (ST 36) with 3 Hz, 20 Hz and 100 Hz, respectively. PDP and PTP at different periods were detected with IEGG spectrum analyzer.

RESULTSErythromycin could significantly enhance PDP and PTP values in the rabbit (P < 0.001). PDP and PTP values were reduced significantly after EA with 3 Hz, 20 Hz and 100 Hz (P < 0.05), with no significant differences in effect on PDP among them (P > 0.05); therapeutic effect of the EA of 20 Hz on PTP was better than that of 3 Hz (P < 0.05), with no significant difference as compared with the EA of 100 Hz.

CONCLUSIONEA of the 3 frequencies shows significantly different regulative effects on derangement of gastric electric rhythm in rabbits.

Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Erythromycin ; pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Male ; Rabbits ; Stomach ; physiology

To explore the effect of Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder on gastrointestinal dynamics. In the study, the charcoal powder propelling test was used to observe the effect Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder on the intestinal motility of normal mice and deficient diarrheal mice. The results showed that Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder had no obvious inhibitory effect on the powder propelling in normal mice, but a remarkable inhibitory effect on deficient diarrheal mice. Afterwards, diarrhea index was used to observe the effect on deficient diarrheal mice. The results showed a good anti-diarrhea effect in deficient diarrheal mice induced by folium sennae. According to the subsequent isolated intestines smooth muscle test, Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder showed a competitive antagonism on muscular tension caused by acetyl choline and barium chloride, as well as a certain synergistic action with atropine. Finally, the method of radio-immunity was used to determine the contents of SP and VIP in small intestine of mice, showing that SP and VIP in small intestine of mice were decreased and the motility of intestine was inhibited. In conclusion, both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that Xiaoer Fuxie Waifu powder is a good traditional Chinese gastrointestinal dynamic medicine for external application, with an anti-diarrhea effect on diarrhea mice induced by spleen deficiency and diarrhea.
Animals ; Antidiarrheals ; therapeutic use ; Diarrhea ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; drug effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Mice ; Powders ; administration & dosage

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Banxia Xiexin Decoction (BD) and its components in the rats with electrogastric dysrhythmia, explore the mechanism of BD' s "relieving distension and fullness, and dissolving lumps" and study BD' s compatibility regularity.

METHODSRat model of electrogastric dysrhythmia was established, the effects of BD and its components on the coefficient of variability of the model' s slow wave electrogastric rhythm were determined.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, BD and all the components groups had better effects on all the aspects (P <0. 05 ), Among which the group containing herbs with pungent and bitter flavour (Rhizoma Pinelliae, Rhizoma Zingiberis, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Berberidis julianae) was the best.

CONCLUSIONBD and all the components have the effects of rectifying electrogastric dysrhythmias in various degrees, and the herbs with pungent and bitter flavour are best. This study provides the experimental foundations for further understanding the mechanism of BD' s treating principle-using bitter drugs for purgation and pungent drugs for dispersion, normalizing the functional activities of qi.

Animals ; Digestive System ; drug effects ; physiopathology ; Electrodiagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Stomach Diseases ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of growth hormone secretagogue(ghrelin) on the contraction and relaxation of small intestinal smooth muscle in rats and its mechanism.

METHODSTwenty-four vagotomized rats were injected intraperitoneally with different concentrations of ghrelin (0, 20, 40, 80 μg/kg). The small intestinal transit were observed. The effect of ghrelin(0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μmol/L) on the contraction and relaxation of rat small intestinal smooth muscle strips was observed in vitro in the presence of carbachol(50 nmol/L), the locations of ghrelin receptors(GHS-R1a) on different cells in small intestinal muscle layers were detected by immunofluorescence.

RESULTSWith the increase of concentrations, ghrelin elevated the percentage of small intestinal transit[(25.4±1.0)%, (33.7±1.9)%, (39.3±2.4)%, (44.7±2.1)%] in a dose-dependent manner, and the differences were statistically significant among groups(P<0.05). Ghrelin could also enhance the contraction [(67.0±2.4)%,(149.5±3.3)%, (187.1±4.7)%, (213.5±3.4)%] and relaxation[(35.3±1.1)%, (62.9±3.8)%, (79.6±2.7)%, (94.6±2.2)%] of smooth muscle strips mediated by Cch in a dose-dependent manner, and the differences were statistically significant among groups(P<0.05). Immunofluorescence revealed that ghrelin receptors mainly located on membrane of the nerve cells in the muscle layers, while no receptors were observed on membrane of the smooth muscle cells.

CONCLUSIONGhrelin may enhance the effect of the contraction and relaxation of the rat small intestinal smooth muscle mediated by cholinergic neurotransmitters by activating the nerve cells in the enteric plexus.

Animals ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of ghrelin on the duodenal myoelectrical activity during the feeding state and the fasting state in rats. METHODS: One pair of bipolar silver electrodes were chronically implanted in the duodenal serosa of rats for electromyography. The myoelectrical activity was recorded when ghrelin was injected intravenously into rats during the feeding state or the fasting state. Some rats were pretreated with atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, L-arginine, and (D-Lys3)GHRP-6 respectively to explore the mechanism of ghrelin. RESULTS: Duodenal migrating myoelectrical complex (MMC) could be induced by ghrelin in the feeding state. Ghrelin could shorten the length of duodenal MMC cycle and increase the amplitude and frequency of phase III during the fasting state. The percentage of phase III in the MMC cycle did not change. These effects were inhibited by atropine and L-arginine (D-Lys3)GHRP-6, but not by propranolol and phentolamine. CONCLUSION Ghrelin seems to be closely related to the duodenal motility. The excitatory effect of ghrelin on duodenal MMC might rely on the cholinergic pathway, and have a close relationship with NO. The receptor of ghrelin can regulate its activity.
Animals ; Duodenum ; drug effects ; physiology ; Electromyography ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Ghrelin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle, Smooth ; physiology ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of ghrelin on small intestinal transit and intergigestive gastrointestinal migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) in rats.

METHODSAfter a 24-hour fasting, the rats with or without pretreatment with receptor antagonist (D-Lys3)GHRP-6 were given intravenous injections of ghrelin at different doses to observe the changes in small intestinal transit. The MMCs of the fasting rats were recorded using a multilead physiological recording system, and their changes observed in response to intravenous ghrelin injections, or to ghrelin injection following pretreatment with atropine, phentolamine, propranolol, L-arginine or (D-Lys3)GHRP-6, respectively.

RESULTSGhrelin enhanced the small intestinal transit dose-dependently, and this effect was inhibited by application of ghrelin receptor antagonist. Ghrelin also showed excitatory effect on the MMCs, which was inhibited by atropine, L-arginine or (D-Lys3)GHRP-6, but not by propranolol and phentolamine.

CONCLUSIONGhrelin can promote gastrointestinal motilities, and its excitatory effects rely on the cholinergic pathway in close relation to nitric oxide pathway. Ghrelin receptor is involved in its action in promoting the gastrointestinal motilities.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; physiology ; Gastrointestinal Transit ; drug effects ; physiology ; Ghrelin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intestine, Small ; drug effects ; physiology ; Male ; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating ; drug effects ; physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effects of Simo Decoction Oral Liquid for the treatment of gastrointestinal dysfunction after stable thoracolumbar fractures.

METHODSFrom May 2005 to July 2008, 81 patients with stable thoracolumbar fractures were randomly divided into treatment group (41 cases) and control group (40 cases) according to a random digits table. The treatment group included 32 males and 9 females with an average age of (47.19 +/- 5.18) years old ranging from 21 to 55 years, and the course was from 1 to 45 hours with an average of (7.83 +/- 1.29) hours. The control group included 30 males and 10 females with an average age of (46.31 +/- 3.72) years ranging from 20 to 54 years,and the course was from 1.5 to 43 hours with an average of (8.15 +/- 1.63) hours. The treatment group were dealed with Simo Decoction Oral Liquid,and the control group with neostigmine for acupoint block in bilateral Foot-Three-Li. The recovery of gastrointestinal function and the first passage of gas by anus were compared.

RESULTSThe time of recovery of gastrointestinal function in treatment group (7.27 +/- 3.14) h was shorter than that in control group (10.12 +/- 3.62) h. The time of first passage of gas by anus in treatment group (15.39 +/- 13.70) h was significantly shorter than that in contral group (24.02 +/- 18.11) h. The total effective rate in treatment group was higher than that in control group.

CONCLUSIONBoth the treatment group and the control group have clinical effects in treatment of the restoration of gastrointestinal dysfunction after the stable thoracolumbar fractures, but the treatment group has more remarkable therapeutic effect and less side effects.

Adult ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; drug therapy ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; injuries ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Fractures ; complications ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; injuries