1.Electroacupuncture and Moxibustion for Correction of Abomasal Displacement in Dairy Cattle.
Kwang Ho JANG ; Joo Myoung LEE ; Tchi Chou NAM
Journal of Veterinary Science 2003;4(1):93-95
This study was performed to investigate the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture and moxibustion on abomasal displacement in dairy cattle.After acupuncture needles were inserted bilaterally into the acupoints, 'Pi yu', 'Wei yu' and 'Guan yuan yu', electronic stimulation (5 Hz and 10 V, 20 minutes) was conducted once a day for 3 days consecutively. Modified moxa patch was also applied at the same acupoints as in acupuncture for 3 days consecutively.Ten among twelve cows with abomasal displacement were recovered by electroacupuncture and moxibustion, but two were treated with paramedian abomasopexy. It is considered that electroacupuncture and moxibustion may be convenient, safe and economical therapeutic alternatives available instead of surgical procedures on abomasal displacement in dairy cattle.
Abomasum/*pathology
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Animals
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Cattle
;
Cattle Diseases/*therapy
;
Electroacupuncture/*veterinary
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Female
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Gastrointestinal Diseases/*therapy/*veterinary
;
Moxibustion/*veterinary
2.Enteral Nutritional Support in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2015;65(6):354-360
Nutritional support is important because malnutrition is a major contributor to increased morbidity and mortality, decreased quality of life, increased length of hospital stay, and higher healthcare costs. Patients with gastrointestinal disease are at an increased risk of nutritional deterioration due to therapeutic dietary restriction, fasting for the diagnostic tests, loss of appetite due to anorexia or altered nutritional requirement caused by the disease itself. Therefore, it is important that gastroenterologists are aware of the nutritional status of patients and plan a treatment strategy considering patient's nutritional status. Enteral nutrition is preferred to parenteral nutrition as it is more physiologic, has fewer complications, help to prevent mucosal atrophy and maintain gut barrier function, which decrease intestinal bacterial translocation. Hence, enteral nutrition has been considered to be the most effective route for nutritional support. In this article, we will review enteral nutrition (oral nutritional supplements, enteral tube feeding) as a treatment for the patients with gastrointestinal, liver and pancreatic disease at risk of malnutrition.
*Enteral Nutrition
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Gastrointestinal Diseases/*pathology/therapy
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Humans
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Liver Diseases/*pathology/therapy
;
Malnutrition/*prevention & control
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Nutrition Therapy
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Nutritional Support
;
Quality of Life
3.Parenteral Nutritional Support in Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2015;65(6):346-353
Protein-calorie malnutrition and deficiencies of specific nutrients could commonly occur in various types of gastrointestinal diseases. These nutritional problems could delay recovery from diseases, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality, and impairment of quality of life. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is one of the methods of nutritional support through which macronutrients (glucose, amino acids, and triglycerides), micronutrients (vitamins and trace elements), water, and electrolytes are administered via peripheral or central venous route. PN could play an important role for patients for whom enteral/oral feeding is contraindicated or cannot meet the patients' requirement for adequate nutrition due to anatomical and/or functional problems. Since insufficient and excessive PN supplement could both be harmful for patients, it is very important to adhere to correct indication, optimal timing, and dosage/composition of PN. In this article, the current role of PN for various gastrointestinal diseases will be reviewed and discussed.
Gastrointestinal Diseases/*pathology/therapy
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Humans
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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/pathology/therapy
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Liver Diseases/*pathology/therapy
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Malnutrition/*prevention & control
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Nutrition Therapy
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Nutritional Support
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*Parenteral Nutrition
4.Gastrointestinal dysfunction/failure and critical care medicine.
Hong HAN ; Hou-Li WANG ; Xue-Zhong YU ; Shu-Bin GUO
Acta Academiae Medicinae Sinicae 2008;30(2):224-227
This article reviews the recent advances in gastrointestinal function research, especially the gastrointestinal dysfunction/failure in critical care medicine.
Critical Care
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methods
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Gastrointestinal Diseases
;
complications
;
drug therapy
;
pathology
;
physiopathology
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Humans
5.A Case of Synchronous Intestinal Tuberculosis Involving the Stomach and Colon.
Joo Hyoung KIM ; Yong Cheol JEON ; Tae Yeob KIM ; Chang Soo EUN ; Joo Hyun SOHN ; Dong Soo HAN ; Jae Jung JANG ; Yong Wook PARK
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;52(5):320-324
Intestinal tuberculosis is a common disease of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and should be differentiated from the inflammatory bowel diseases and malignancy such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, amebic colitis, and colon cancer. Most frequently involved sites (75% of cases) are the terminal ileum and cecum. Other sites of involvement, in order of frequency, are ascending colon, jejunum, appendix, duodenum, stomach, esophagus, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Intestinal tuberculosis simultaneously involving the stomach and colon has been very rarely reported. Recently, we experienced a case of synchronous gastric and colonic ulcers with granulomatous inflammation. Although we did not find acid fast bacilli and the culture test was negative, empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy resulted in dramatic clinical and endoscopic improvement. We report a rare case of multifocal gastrointestinal tuberculosis with a review of literature.
Colonic Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology
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Colonoscopy
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Drug Therapy, Combination
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Female
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Gastroscopy
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Humans
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Middle Aged
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Stomach Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology
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Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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Tuberculosis, Gastrointestinal/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
6.Effects of Octreotide on Small Bowel Obstructions in Rats.
Joon Ho CHO ; Hyung Goo KANG ; Seung Ho KIM ; Hahn Shick LEE ; Kyeong Ryong LEE ; Hae Youn KANG
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2003;42(4):283-288
BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Gastrointestinal decompression by nasogastric or intestinal tubes developed in 1930s has been the only treatment modality for inoperable intestinal obstruction. We hypothesized that the octreotide, a potent inhibitor of intestinal secretion, has a therapeutic potential in intestinal obstruction. METHODS: Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups. The rats were subjected to complete or partial ileal obstruction. The treated rats received octreotide (100 microgram/kg) while the controls received the same quantity of saline every 12 hours for 24 or 48 hours. After 24 or 48 hours, the volumes of the small bowel contents were measured. The volumes of supernatant and the concentrations of electrolytes in the small bowel contents after centrifugation were also analyzed. The ileal segments proximal to obstruction were harvested, fixed, and stained, and the pathological changes were evaluated with mucosal damage scores. RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in the volume and the electrolyte composition of intestinal fluid among the 4 groups. In the 48 hour complete obstruction group, the octreotide-treated rats showed statistically lower mucosal damage scores than the control rats (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Octreotide exerts mucosal protecting effect on the complete intestinal obstruction rat model.
Animals
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Gastrointestinal Agents/*therapeutic use
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Ileal Diseases/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
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Ileum/pathology
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Intestinal Obstruction/*drug therapy/metabolism/pathology
;
Octreotide/*therapeutic use
;
Rats
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
7.Relationship between Esophageal Lesions Observed by Endoscopy and Nasogastric Intubation: A Study of 185 Cases of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy.
Han Suk KIM ; Seok Ho DONG ; Kyung Hwan JEONG ; Myung Jong CHAE ; Yo Seb HAN ; Yong Hee JOUNG ; Byoung Wook LEE ; Hyo Jong KIM ; Byung Ho KIM ; Young Woon CHANG ; Joung Il LEE ; Rin CHANG
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2003;42(6):461-467
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a method widely used for long-term enteral nutrition in dysphagia. Mostly, it is preceded by nasogastric intubation (NI) for short-term enteral nutrition; endoscopic findings associated with NI are encountered during PEG. The purpose of this study was to discuss such findings and to delineate a relationship between these findings, especially esophageal lesions and the duration of NI. METHODS: This study involved 185 individuals who had undergone PEG at Kyung Hee Medical Center from January 1999 to May 2002. The medical records were examined retrospectively. RESULTS: The dysfunction of the CNS comprised 98.4% of the causes of dysphagia. The duration of NI was 15.2 weeks on average, with median value of 8.7 weeks, indicating that PEG was performed relatively soon. Endoscopic findings revealed esophagitis in 63 cases, esophageal ulcers in 27 and active bleedings in another 10. The incidence of esophageal lesions was shown to be higher in subjects with duration of NI under 12 weeks than in those with duration over 12 weeks (p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS: PEG was carried out in many cases during the early stages of dysphagia, and NI-associated esophageal lesions appeared to be more prevalent within 12 weeks of NI duration. These results may be of help in deciding the timing of PEG.
Adult
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Aged
;
Deglutition Disorders/therapy
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*Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
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Enteral Nutrition
;
Esophageal Diseases/*diagnosis/etiology
;
Esophagus/*pathology
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Female
;
*Gastrostomy
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Humans
;
*Intubation, Gastrointestinal/adverse effects
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Male
;
Middle Aged
8.Roles of Gut Microbiota in Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutic Effects of Chinese Medicine.
Ying-Xin SUN ; Xi-Juan JIANG ; Bin LU ; Qing GAO ; Ye-Fei CHEN ; Dan-Bin WU ; Wen-Yun ZENG ; Lin YANG ; Hu-Hu LI ; Bin YU
Chinese journal of integrative medicine 2022;28(11):1048-1056
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. The pathogenesis of AD is complex, and its susceptibility and development process are affected by age, genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent studies confirmed that gut microbiota (GM) might contribute to AD through a variety of pathways including hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and inflflammatory and immune processes. CM formula, herbs, and monomer enjoy unique advantages to treat and prevent AD. Hence, the purpose of this review is to outline the roles of GM and its core metabolites in the pathogenesis of AD. Research progress of CMs regarding the mechanisms of how they regulate GM to improve cognitive impairment of AD is also reviewed. The authors tried to explore new therapeutic strategies to AD based on the regulation of GM using CM.
Humans
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Alzheimer Disease/drug therapy*
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome
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Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Neurodegenerative Diseases
;
Pituitary-Adrenal System
;
Brain/pathology*
9.NSAID-induced Gastroenteropathy.
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;52(3):134-141
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used for the management of various conditions, such as pain, fever, inflammation, cancer, or cardiovascular diseases. These drugs may induce injury throughout the gastrointestinal tract. NSAIDs are associated with diverse upper gastrointestinal adverse effects, including dyspepsia, erosions, peptic ulcer diseases and complications such as bleeding perforation. Established risk factors for these adverse effects include age, prior ulcer, types, doses and duration of NSAIDs, concurrent other NSAIDs administration, and the concomitant uses of corticosteroids or anticoagulants. Misoprostol, proton pump inhibitors, and cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors have been used to reduce the risk of NSAID-associated upper gastrointestinal events. NSAID-induced enteropathy is more common than complications of the stomach and duodenum and is usually manifested by occult blood loss or hypoalbuminemia. Furthermore, NSAIDs induce small intestinal injuries causing gut barrier damage, and bacterial translocation that have been proposed to be associated with the burden of illness in decompensated chronic heart failure. However, the risk factors for NSAID-induced enteropathy and bacterial translocation, as well as its preventive measures, are not well documented.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/*adverse effects/therapeutic use
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Capsule Endoscopy
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Gastrointestinal Diseases/*chemically induced/diagnosis/therapy
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Humans
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Intestinal Diseases/chemically induced/diagnosis/therapy
;
Risk Factors
;
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract/pathology
10.A Case of Idiopathic Recurrent Duodenojejunitis.
Sung Yeol JANG ; Jung Hee KIM ; Sung Hae HA ; Jeong Ah HWANG ; Sang Jong PARK ; So Ya PAIK
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology 2012;59(3):245-249
There are various etiologies of duodenojejunitis such as Henoch-Schonlein purpura (H-S purpura), vasculitis, Crohn's disease, celiac sprue, ischemia, lymphoma, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, bacteria or parasite infection, radiation, drug induced jejunitis, eosinophilic jejunitis, and toxins. A 31-year-old man presented with left upper quadrant pain. He did not have febrile sense, hematochezia, melena, diarrhea, arthralgia and hematuria. He had neither drug history nor traveling history. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed diffuse mucosal erythema and segmental hemorrhagic erosions on the distal area to the descending portion of the duodenum and proximal jejunum, which were commonly observed in the gastrointestinal involvement of H-S purpura. However, he showed no skin lesions, joint and urologic problems until the discharge. Autoimmune markers such as antinuclear antibody and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody were negative. Celiac and mesenteric angiogram showed no vascular abnormality. After the administration of oral prednisolone 40 mg daily for therapeutic trial, abdominal pain and endoscopic lesions were improved. He experienced relapses of same episode without skin lesions 16 times during follow-up of 8 years, which were also treated with prednisolone. The abdominal computed tomography during the follow-up also showed no significant finding. We report a case of primary recurrent duodenojejunitis similar to the gastrointestinal involvement of H-S purpura without purpura.
Adult
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Angiography
;
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
;
Duodenitis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
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Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal
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Enteritis/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
;
Humans
;
Jejunal Diseases/*diagnosis/drug therapy/pathology
;
Male
;
Prednisolone/therapeutic use
;
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch/diagnosis
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Recurrence