Two cases of duodenal bezoars are presented. Both were within pseudodiverticula of the duodenal bulbs whichwere created by chronic active ulcer disease. It is felt that deformed duodenal bulb interfered with transit ofthe gastrointestinal content causing the formation of bezoar within pseudodiverticula.
Bezoars ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Ulcer

Ulmonary aspiration of stomach contents associated with anest hesia, is one of the serious and fatal complications in full stomach patients and it is not uncommon. Although many vigorous managements about prevention and treatment to minimize the chance of aspiration or possibility of permanent injury from it were proposed, but still the safe procedure was not developed. Sengstaken-Blakemore tube was suceessfully used to prevent from aspiration hazard in the induction of general anesthesia for emergency operation in full stomach patients.
Anesthesia, General ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Stomach*

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a condition that develops when reflux of stomach contents causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. The prevalence of GERD is increasing worldwide and in Asia-Pacific. The latest Korean guidelines for GERD were published in 2012, and several international guidelines and consensus statements for the management of GERD have also been recently published. Here, we review these guidelines and consensus statements in order to provide a better understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of GERD.
Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Prevalence

Colonoscopy is a safe and standard procedure for diagnosis and therapy of colonic disorders. Iatrogenic colonic perforation during diagnostic colonoscopy, a rare abdominal emergency, has an 0.3~0.8% incidence rate. The choice of treatment for this complication remains controversial. Prompt operative intervention is preferred to minimize morbidity and mortality. However, operative intervention is invasive and needs a long-term recovery period. Conservative treatment is less invasive but can lead to more extensive surgery in case of treatment failure. Very important point on the treatment of iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy is to avoid the leaking of intestinal contents into the intraperitoneal cavity. We report here a case in which an iatrogenic perforation of the colon during diagnostic colonoscopy was successfully treated by endoscopic clip therapy.
Colon* ; Colonoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Incidence ; Mortality ; Treatment Failure

Iatrogenic perforation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the serious complications in GI endoscopy. With the advancement in technique of GI endoscopy especially therapeutic endoscopy, the risk of perforation has increased. Prompt detection is the only way to avoid delay treatment and poor outcome. Recently, there are new instruments and techniques developed that can be reliably applied for an endoscopic closure without the need for surgery. Therefore, endoscopists should be familiar with these instruments as the result of successful endoscopic closure has lower rate of morbidity than surgery. In this review, the techniques of endoscopic closure are described according to the organs of perforation. In addition, the general knowledge and management of perforation in other aspects including tension pneumothorax, abdominal compartment syndrome, or infection induced by contamination of GI content are explained.
Endoscopy ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension ; Pneumothorax ; Stents

Here, we report the poisoning case of 10 cows. Several distinct clinical signs such as convulsion, excessive salivation, circling, lateral recumbency, and death were observed. Necropsy and histopathological examination did not reveal any significant abnormal findings. Moreover, no bacteria or viruses were detected in tissue, blood, and feeding food. However, endosulfan was detected from the stomach contents and microbials. Our results strongly suggest that death of cows may be closely associated with endosulfan poisoning.
Animals ; Bacteria ; Cattle* ; Endosulfan* ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Poisoning* ; Salivation ; Seizures

A case of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia was operated upon at our hospital employing a combination of light general anesthesia and epidural block, with effective results and post-operative analgesia. Cases with congenital anomalies, prematurity and neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS) are at great risk during general anesthesia. To insure a good ariway and to prevent aspiration of stomach contents, tracheal intubation was done and light general anesthesia(N2-O2) administered. Unver this state candal block was done. By this method, good abdominal relaxation was obtained and the amount of inhalation anesthetics could be reduced. The author believe that in this group of patients, epidural block in combination with light general anesthesia is a good and safe method of administering anesthesia.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Hernia* ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic ; Humans ; Intubation ; Relaxation

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Capsule endoscopy is an effective diagnostic tool for detecting small bowel disease. However, the method of bowel preparation for capsule endoscopy has not been standardized. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral sodium phosphate as a preparation for capsule endoscopy. METHODS: A total of 129 cases who underwent capsule endoscopy from Mar. 2003 to Sep. 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Eighty- eight cases were prepared with sennosides (Alaxyl(R)) and 41 cases were prepared with sodium phosphate. The intestinal mucosa was defined as being unclean if the intestinal content, food materials, and bubbles covered more than 25% of the mucosal surface. Using a stopwatch, the exact time of the unclean image was recorded. The percentage of the unclean image for the small intestinal transit time (SITT) was calculated as an objective score. Small bowel cleansing was considered 'adequate' if the objective score was <10% and 'inadequate' if the objective score was 10% or greater. RESULTS: 35 cases (40%) showed an adequate image in the sennosides and simethicone group and 26 cases (63%) showed an adequate image in the sodium phosphate and simethicone group. The adequacy rate was significantly higher in the sodium phosphate group than in the sennosides group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Capsule endoscopy prepared by sodium phosphate and simethicone produced a better visual image than sennosides and simethicone.
Capsule Endoscopy* ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Retrospective Studies ; Senna Extract ; Simethicone ; Sodium*

PURPOSE: Various factors have been cited in the morbidity of small bowel resections, but their clinical importance is uncertain. We wanted to know what were the significant risk factors elevating the morbidity and how to reduce the morbidity of small bowel resections effectively. METHODS: A retrospective study was done for 107 patients who had undergone small bowel resections from Jan. 1992 to Jul. 1999. The patients were evaluated based on sex and age, the cause and site of resection, the presence of previous abdominal operations, the morbidity, the mortality, and the cause of death in order to determine their clinical significance for small bowel resections. Also the differences of morbidity were analyzed according to the risk factors of old age, pre-op hypotension and hypoalbuminemia, the cause of resection, emergency operation, the presence of a previous abdominal operation, the length of the resection, the presence of associated chronic illness, and spillage of the intestinal content. RESULTS: Complications after small bowel resections occurred in 41 cases (38.3%). The morbidity was significantly increased in the cases with associated chronic illness and spillage of intestinal content by perforation combined with strangulation (p<0.05). Factors such as old age, hypotension, hypoalbuminemia, cause of resection, emergency operation, the length of the resection and spillage of intestinal contents by simple perforation elevated the morbidity, but this result is not statistically significant (0.050.5). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that intensive peri-operative care, a rapid and precise operative technique, and the surgeon's efforts can decrease the morbidity and the mortality after small bowel resections. The selection of the high risk patients should be done based on the surgeon's knowledge of the risk factors including associated chronic illness, and cumulative data obtained by using instituted surveillance for morbidity.
Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease ; Emergencies ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Hypoalbuminemia ; Hypotension ; Mortality ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

BACKGROUND: The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) should be correctly placed into the hypopharynx for adequate ventilation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a LMA position relation to the laryngeal skeleton and narrowing degree of a LMA lumen by the epiglottis. METHODS: The LMA (# 3 or # 4) was placed into the hypopharynx after induction of anesthesia and muscle paralysis. The fiberoptic laryngoscopic findings through the lumen of LMA were recorded at ten minutes after LMA placements. The position of the LMA was estimated in relation to its distal aperture to the laryngeal skeleton as central, posterior, right and left lateral position. The narrowing degree of the LMA by the epiglottis was estimated as 0%, 1~25%, 26~50%, 51~75%, or 76~100%. RESULTS: The fiberoptic laryngoscope showed central positions in 70.1%, lateral deviations to the left or right in 21.2% and posterior positions in 9%. The most frequent incidence (84/231, 36.4%) of narrowing by the epiglottis is 76~100% but ventilating problems were not developed. However, ventilation was impossible immediately after LMA placement in one patient, so the LMA was removed and the trachea was intubated. Esophageal enterance was visible in one patient without regurgitation of the stomach content. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show that LMA provides a reliable and safe airway management technique, although inadequate positioning and narrowing of LMA lumen by the epiglottis may frequently occur.
Airway Management ; Anesthesia ; Epiglottis ; Gastrointestinal Contents ; Humans ; Hypopharynx* ; Incidence ; Laryngeal Masks* ; Laryngoscopes ; Paralysis ; Skeleton ; Trachea ; Ventilation