No abstract available.
Gastrin-Secreting Cells* ; Gastrins* ; Gastrointestinal Tract*

The purpose of this study was to examine the ultrastructural characteristic of the normal pylorus mucosa, and their structural changes induced by the ligation of common bile duct of the male rabbits weighing about 1.5 kg each. Experiment animals were divided into normal, sham operation, and experimental groups. Common bile duct ligation was performed under ether anesthesia and anjmals were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th and 14th day after operation. The mucosal specimen of the pylorus, were fixed and embedded with common method. The sections were cut on a LKB-V ultratome, and observed under a JEM 100CX II electron microscope. The results were as follow : 1. In the early stages (1st, 3rd, 5th day groups) following the ligation, surface mucous cells have the various electron densities and shape of the mucous granules. In the late stages (7th, 14th day groups) following the ligation, many surface mucose cells containing numerous electron dense mucous granules are seen. 2. In the early stage of the ligation of bile duct, secretory function of EC cells was depressed, but in the later stage, the cells showed recovered secretory activity. 3. Secretory function of D cells was depressed on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed recovered secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. 4. Secretory function of G cells was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct, but they showed depressed secretory activity from the late groups after the ligation of the common bile duct. Considering the above findings, common bile duct ligation probably causes the dysfunction of the pyloric surface mucous cells that results in delayed mucous formation and secretion, and recovered mucous secretory function on the late stages. EC cells and G cells, depressed the secretory activities on the early stages and recovered on the late stages of the ligation of common bile duct. But D cells in the pyloric mucosa was activated on the early groups after the ligation of common bile duct ligation, but they was depressed secretory activities on the late groups.
Anesthesia ; Animals ; Bile Ducts ; Common Bile Duct* ; Ether ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Humans ; Ligation* ; Male ; Mucous Membrane* ; Pylorus ; Rabbits ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells

PURPOSE: Gastrin, a peptide hormone produced by the G cells of the gastric antrum, plays a major role in regulating acid secretion in the stomach, and acts as a trophic factor in the gastrointestinal tract. The relationship between gastrin and the development of colorectal cancer remains controversial. To study its possible role in development or proliferation of colorectal cancer, we evaluated the expression of gastrin and gastrin/CCK-B receptor mRNA in cancer and normal tissue from colorectal cancer patients. We also reviewed clinical records to evaluate the correlations between gastrin receptor expression and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to evaluate mRNA expression for gastrin and gastrin/CCK-B receptor in 26 surgical specimens of colorectal cancer. RESULTS: The mRNA expression of gastrin was detected in 24 out of 26 cancer specimens and 9 out of 26 normal colon specimens (p<0.05). The mRNA expression of gastrin/ CCK-B receptor was detected in 18 out of 26 cancer specimens and 17 out of 26 normal colon specimens (p>0.05). There was no significant correlation between gastrin receptor expression and clinical characteristics of colorectal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The gastrin gene products might be more important than gastrin/CCK-B receptor in development or proliferation of colorectal cancer, which supports the hypothesis that gastrin gene products play a role in proliferation of colorectal cancer as an autocrine factor.
Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Gastrins* ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intestine, Large* ; Pyloric Antrum ; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B* ; RNA, Messenger* ; Stomach

OBJECTIVE: Autophagy is one of the key responses of cells to programmed cell death. Memantine, an approved anti-dementia drug, has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells but the mechanism is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to test the possibility of induction of autophagic cell death by memantine in glioma cell lines. METHODS: Glioma cell lines (T-98 G and U-251 MG) were used for this study. RESULTS: The antiproliferative effect of memantine was shown on T-98 G cells, which expressed N-methyl-D-aspartate 1 receptor (NMDAR1). Memantine increased the autophagic-related proteins as the conversion ratio of light chain protein 3-II (LC3-II)-/LC3-I and the expression of beclin-1. Memantine also increased formation of autophagic vacuoles observed under a transmission electron microscope. Transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to knock down NMDAR1 in the glioma cells induced resistance to memantine and decreased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio in T-98 G cells. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that in glioma cells, memantine inhibits proliferation and induces autophagy mediated by NMDAR1.
Autophagy* ; Cell Death ; Cell Line ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Glioma* ; Memantine* ; N-Methylaspartate ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection ; Vacuoles

OBJECTIVETo study regulative action of mica monomer granule preparation on gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SS) and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in experimental chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rat.

METHODCAG rats were treated with mica monomer granule preparation with three different dosages--high, moderate and low level respectively. Changes of blood serum GAS, blood plasma SS and G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa in CAG rats were observed and detected with ELISA method, RIA method and immunocytochemistry method.

RESULTMica monomer granule of three different dosages could increase the quantity of G cells as well as D cells of gastric mucosa and the concentration of blood serum GAS and decrease the content of blood plasma SS in CAG rat at different level respectively. It was more effective in high and moderate dosage groups.

CONCLUSIONMica has the pharmacological action of protecting gastric mucosa, promoting the palingenesis of gastric gland and enhancing blood stream of gastric mucosa consequently to abate the inflammation reaction of gastric mucosa. Its effective mechanism is associated with the neuroendocrine regulative mechanism of promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin by increasing the amount of G cells as well as D cells and the concentration of blood serum GAS, and reducing inhibiting action on GAS secretion and enhancing the secretion of GAS by decreasing the content of SS.

Aluminum Silicates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; Gastrins ; blood ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; blood ; pathology ; Materia Medica ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin ; blood ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects

BACKGROUND: CD99 is characteristically expressed in Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroendocrine tumors and its immunoreactivity has also been reported in gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. However, the normal distribution of CD99 reactive cells in gastrointestinal mucosa and their function are not fully understood. METHODS: We performed an immunohistochemical study using antibodies to CD99 and gastrin on formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissue of the stomach. RESULTS: CD99 were strongly expressed in the gastric glands of neonate (3/3) and infant (1/1) cases but not detected in the fetal period (0/30). In adults, CD99 was observed in 36.8% (7/19). The number of CD99 positive cells were fewer in adult (3.48+/-6.43) than in neonate (5.66+/-0.58) and infant (11.33+/-2.21). CD99 was mostly located along the cytoplasmic membrane of glandular cells but cytoplasmic expression was also evident in neonate and infant cases. The G cells and CD99 expressed cells were reduced in the area showing intestinal metaplasia and atrophic change. As a result of the double stain, some of the G cells coexpress CD99 antigen, which were more in neonate (29%) than in adult (2.6%). CONCLUSIONS: The CD99 positive cells were found in the gastric pyloric antrum during the postnatal period and progressively reduced with age. This suggests the participation of CD99 protein in the differentiation and secretory process of neuroendocrine cells.
Adult ; Antibodies ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Formaldehyde ; Gastric Mucosa* ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Gastrins ; Humans* ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Metaplasia ; Mucous Membrane ; Neuroendocrine Cells ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Paraffin ; Pyloric Antrum ; Secretory Pathway ; Stomach

PURPOSE: Gastrin secreted from antral G cell is a major hormone in regulation of gastric acid secretion. In adults, there are many reports that gastrin is correlated with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer diseases, but those reports are rare in pediatric field. This study was done to research the serum gastrin levels in relation to H. pylori infection and various upper gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on 166 patients who visited OPD or were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine between Aug. 1992 and Jul. 1994 due to recurrent abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Detection of H. pylori infection was done by CLO test (rapidurease test) and Warthin-Starry silver stain using biopsied specimens, and the ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay) test was done with their serum at the same time. Patients with any positive results were regarded as positive for H. pylori infection. Serum fasting gastrin levels were measured by I125 tagged radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was mode by the Student t test, mann-Whitney rank-sum and ANOVA multiple comparison test by BMDP, and the difference were taken as significant when p value below 0.05 RESULTS: 1) The mean serum gastrin level was significantly higher in H. pylori positive children (40.1+/-13.7pg/mL) than in negative children (29.5+/-7.5pg/mL). p value below 0.00005. 2) The mean serum gastrin level was 42.5+/-16.3pg/mL in duodenal ulcer patients, 36.9+/-17.9pg/mL in gastric ulcer, 34.4+/-9.9pg/mL in chronic superficial nodular gastritis, 30.2 +/-8.0pg/mL in superficial gastritis, 29.8+/-8.4pg/mL in normal group, and 30.7+/-4.2pg/mL in patients with other upper gastrointestinal diseases. The mean serum gastrin level of duodenal ulcer group was significantly higher than of normal or superficial gastritis group (p<0.01), but showed no significant difference with that of gastric ulcer or chronic superficial nodular gastritis group. 3) The serum gastrin level of H. pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients was significantly higher than those of H. pylori negative patients with other remaining gastrointestinal diseases including H. pylori negative duodenal ulcer group (p<0.05), and the serum gastrin level was significantly higher in H. pylori positive gastric ulcer patients than in H. pylori negative patients with other remaining gastrointestinal diseases including H. pylori negative gastric ulcer patients (p<0.05). In normal and superficial gastritis group, the serum gastrin level of H. pylori positive children was significantly higher than that of H. pylori negative children (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum gastrin levels between chronic superficial nodular gastritis positive and negative group. CONCLUSIONS: The serum gastrin levels were significantly increased in H. pylori positive children, especially in H. pylori positive duodenal and gastric ulcer patients. It is assumed that H. pylori has a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases inducing increase in gastrin release from antral G cells.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Child ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Gastric Acid ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Gastrins* ; Gastritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Peptic Ulcer ; Radioimmunoassay ; Silver ; Stomach Ulcer

PURPOSE: Gastrin secreted from antral G cell is a major hormone in regulation of gastric acid secretion. In adults, there are many reports that gastrin is correlated with H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer diseases, but those reports are rare in pediatric field. This study was done to research the serum gastrin levels in relation to H. pylori infection and various upper gastrointestinal diseases. METHODS: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on 166 patients who visited OPD or were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine between Aug. 1992 and Jul. 1994 due to recurrent abdominal pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Detection of H. pylori infection was done by CLO test (rapidurease test) and Warthin-Starry silver stain using biopsied specimens, and the ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay) test was done with their serum at the same time. Patients with any positive results were regarded as positive for H. pylori infection. Serum fasting gastrin levels were measured by I125 tagged radioimmunoassay. Statistical analysis was mode by the Student t test, mann-Whitney rank-sum and ANOVA multiple comparison test by BMDP, and the difference were taken as significant when p value below 0.05 RESULTS: 1) The mean serum gastrin level was significantly higher in H. pylori positive children (40.1+/-13.7pg/mL) than in negative children (29.5+/-7.5pg/mL). p value below 0.00005. 2) The mean serum gastrin level was 42.5+/-16.3pg/mL in duodenal ulcer patients, 36.9+/-17.9pg/mL in gastric ulcer, 34.4+/-9.9pg/mL in chronic superficial nodular gastritis, 30.2 +/-8.0pg/mL in superficial gastritis, 29.8+/-8.4pg/mL in normal group, and 30.7+/-4.2pg/mL in patients with other upper gastrointestinal diseases. The mean serum gastrin level of duodenal ulcer group was significantly higher than of normal or superficial gastritis group (p<0.01), but showed no significant difference with that of gastric ulcer or chronic superficial nodular gastritis group. 3) The serum gastrin level of H. pylori positive duodenal ulcer patients was significantly higher than those of H. pylori negative patients with other remaining gastrointestinal diseases including H. pylori negative duodenal ulcer group (p<0.05), and the serum gastrin level was significantly higher in H. pylori positive gastric ulcer patients than in H. pylori negative patients with other remaining gastrointestinal diseases including H. pylori negative gastric ulcer patients (p<0.05). In normal and superficial gastritis group, the serum gastrin level of H. pylori positive children was significantly higher than that of H. pylori negative children (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the serum gastrin levels between chronic superficial nodular gastritis positive and negative group. CONCLUSIONS: The serum gastrin levels were significantly increased in H. pylori positive children, especially in H. pylori positive duodenal and gastric ulcer patients. It is assumed that H. pylori has a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer diseases inducing increase in gastrin release from antral G cells.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Child ; Duodenal Ulcer ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Fasting ; Gastric Acid ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; Gastrins* ; Gastritis ; Gastrointestinal Diseases* ; Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Pediatrics ; Peptic Ulcer ; Radioimmunoassay ; Silver ; Stomach Ulcer

OBJECTIVETo study the regulative action of mica monomer powder preparation on the chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa of the experimental atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats.

METHODSIntervention therapy was given to the experimental CAG rats at three different doses of mica monomer powder preparation to evaluate the changes of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in the gastric mucosa and the histopathological changes of gastric mucosa.

RESULTSMica monomer powder preparation at three different doses could increase the amount of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells in gastric mucosa of the experimental CAG rats and alleviate and control the inflammation of gastric mucosa and the atrophy of gastric mucosa glands. Especially, better effects were shown in the mid and high dose groups.

CONCLUSIONMica has the pharmacological action of protecting the gastric mucosa, enhancing blood flow of the gastric mucosa, and consequently improving the inflammatory responses of the gastric mucosa. One of the mechanisms is associated with promoting the secretion of gastric acid and gastric pepsin and regulating the neuroendocrine mechanism including gut hormone secretion (gastrin and somatostatin) by increasing the number of chief and parietal cells as well as G and D cells.

Aluminum Silicates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cell Count ; Chief Cells, Gastric ; drug effects ; pathology ; Chronic Disease ; Gastric Mucosa ; drug effects ; pathology ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; pathology ; Inflammation ; Parietal Cells, Gastric ; drug effects ; pathology ; Powders ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Somatostatin-Secreting Cells ; drug effects ; pathology

Autoimmune Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Chromogranin A ; metabolism ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Gastrin-Secreting Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Gastrins ; metabolism ; Gastritis, Atrophic ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Middle Aged ; Mucin-6 ; metabolism ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Stomach ; pathology ; surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism