No abstract available.
Blood Flow Velocity* ; Fetus* ; Gases*

BACKGROUND:This study was designed to compare hydroxyethylstarch (HES) to albumin in high-risk surgery patients infused over 72 h peri-operatively; hemodynamic changes, oxygen transport parameters, blood gases, blood coagulation, blood loss, blood use, outcome, and costs were compared. METHODS:High-risk surgical patients undergoing high-risk abdominal, cranial, and orthopaedic surgery were treated with 6% HES (130/0.4; n = 41) or 20% albumin (n = 19).The goal of volume therapy was to maintain a normal cardiac index (CI; 3.0 L/min/m2) over 72 h peri-operatively. RESULTS:The hemodynamic and cardiac effects of 6% HES were superior to 20% albumin.HES reduced disturbances in blood coagulation, blood loss, and blood use as compared to albumin. Volume therapy with HES and albumin improved patient outcomes.Use of HES resulted in a significant cost reduction compared to albumin. CONCLUSIONS:Volume replacement with 6% HES and 20% albumin in surgery over 72 h peri-operatively improved hemodynamic parameters and oxygen transport to normal values.HES provides a cost-effective alternative to albumin in surgery with improved efficacy and safety.
Blood Coagulation ; Gases ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Oxygen

BACKGROUND:This study was designed to compare hydroxyethylstarch (HES) to albumin in high-risk surgery patients infused over 72 h peri-operatively; hemodynamic changes, oxygen transport parameters, blood gases, blood coagulation, blood loss, blood use, outcome, and costs were compared. METHODS:High-risk surgical patients undergoing high-risk abdominal, cranial, and orthopaedic surgery were treated with 6% HES (130/0.4; n = 41) or 20% albumin (n = 19).The goal of volume therapy was to maintain a normal cardiac index (CI; 3.0 L/min/m2) over 72 h peri-operatively. RESULTS:The hemodynamic and cardiac effects of 6% HES were superior to 20% albumin.HES reduced disturbances in blood coagulation, blood loss, and blood use as compared to albumin. Volume therapy with HES and albumin improved patient outcomes.Use of HES resulted in a significant cost reduction compared to albumin. CONCLUSIONS:Volume replacement with 6% HES and 20% albumin in surgery over 72 h peri-operatively improved hemodynamic parameters and oxygen transport to normal values.HES provides a cost-effective alternative to albumin in surgery with improved efficacy and safety.
Blood Coagulation ; Gases ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Oxygen

The changes of blood gases, K and glucose levels of ACD banked blood according to the days of storage were observed. The samples were taken from the blood stored in the blood bank of Dong San Medical Center just before transfusing them in to patients. The results were as follows: 1) The pH value of one day stored blood was 6,720+/-0.0035. The PH gradually decreased according to the number of days it was stored which was significant statistically(p<0.05). 2) The O2 tension of one day stored blood was 24.1+/-3.25 torr and there was no significant changes in O2 tension according to the storage time. 3) The K level of one day stored blood was 5.7+/-0.5mg and this increased gradually as the storage time increased which was statistically significant(p<0.001). 4) The CO2 tension of one day stored blood was 133.1+/-6.4 torr and this increased according to the days of storage but it was not significant statistically. 5) The blood glucose level of one day stored blood was 338.5+/-0.5mg% and there was no significant increase or decrease as the storage time increased.
Blood Banks ; Blood Glucose ; Gases ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

The most important factor in clinical development of respiratory care has been the clinical availabiTity of blood gas and pH measurement and it is important to get the accurate values of those. There can be an error to get the value of PCO2, PO2 and pH by dilutional effect of liquid-Naheparin that is usally used as an anticoagulant. We compared values of 20 arterial blood gases sampled with 1 cc plastic syringe utilizing liquid-Na-heparin with those ones sampled with 1 cc arterial blood gas kits which were pre-filled with dry-Lithium-heparin. The results were as follows; 1) There are no difference in values of PO2 and pH between two groups. 2) The value of PCO2 sampled with 1 cc plastic syringe utilizing liquid-Na-heparin is 1.62 torr less than the value of that with 1 cc arterial blood gas kits which were pre-filled with dry-Lithium-heparin (p<0.05).
Blood Gas Analysis* ; Gases ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Plastics ; Syringes*

BACKGROUND: Platelets (PLTs) stored in platelet additive solution (PAS) presents potential benefits in clinical use by reducing the risk of several plasma-associated adverse transfusion reactions and more plasma may be recovered for fractionation. In this study, we compared in vitro characteristics of apheresis PLTs stored in CompoSol PS (Fenwal, Lake Zurich, IL, USA), InterSol (Fenwal, Lake Zurich, IL, USA), SSP+ (MacoPharma, Tourcoing, France), T-PAS+ (Terumo BCT, Lakewood, CO, USA), or plasma to evaluate the effectiveness of PAS. METHODS: PLTs were collected two times by apheresis from 12 healthy volunteers in a study comparing four kinds of PASs with 35% autologous plasma and 100% plasma-stored apheresis PLTs. The parameters of PLTs, including PLT counts, pH, PLT activation markers, blood gases, and metabolic variables were assessed up to 7-day. RESULTS: The results of in vitro assay including PLT concentration, mean PLT volume, pH, and blood gases for PLTs in four kinds of PASs were similar to those in 100% plasma PLTs. All units had Day 5 pH greater than 6.2. In vitro quality rating results, PLTs in T-PAS+ had a rating of 5, 4 for CompoSol PS, 2 for SSP+, 1 for InterSol, and 2 for plasma on Day 5. CONCLUSION: Partial replacement of plasma with CompoSol PS, SSP+, or T-PAS+ in PLTs showed better or equivalent quality and preservability of PLTs compared to PLTs in 100% plasma. The use of PAS for storage of PLTs in clinical practice may have an advantage as PAS-stored PLTs have a reduced volume of plasma.
Blood Component Removal* ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Platelets* ; Gases ; Healthy Volunteers ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lakes ; Plasma

Many studies have undertaken to determine the optimal volume of heparin diluted blood so- lutions to be aspirated from known internal volume of the arterial extension tube before blood sampling, in order to achieve acceptable blood gas values. This study was investigated the optimal volume of heparin diluted blood to be aspirated from various kinds of extension tube which volume is unknown. Blood gases were measured in samples of the radial artery or superior vena cava blood taken from 20 anesthesized patients who were taking elective or emergency surgery with indwelling catheter. Authors used 4 kinds of extension tube. There were 120 cm Cobe extension tube, 140 cm Cobe extension tube, 60 cm extension tube using I.V. set and 120 cm extension tube using I.V. set. Each of tubes was applied to five patients. Five blood gas samples were taken after withdrawing heparin diluted flush solution and blood from each extension tube. The withdrawing blood amounts is serially 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 times of volume of each extension tube. And then another blood sample was taken from the 3-way stop-cock at proximal site of Cobe or LV. extension tube. Because this last sample was not diluted with heparin diluted flush solution, author assumed this blood gas values to be control group. Blood gas values of each samples were compared with control group. The difference between sample 3 and 4 was statistically significant(p<0.05) in case of small inner volume of extension tube. The difference between sample 4 and 5 was stastistically significant(p<0.05) in case of large inner volume of extension tube. So, authors concluded that as follows: If the inner volume of extension tube is small(volume <4 ml), blood gas samples should be taken after withdrawing 2.0 times of the inner volume of extension tube, however if the inner volume of extension tube is large(volume>4ml), blood gas samples should be taken after withdrawing 2.5 times of the inner volume of extension tube.
Blood Gas Analysis ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Emergencies ; Gases ; Heparin* ; Humans ; Radial Artery ; Vena Cava, Superior

This study was carried out to compare the difference between assist(A) and controlled(C) ventilation group's blood gases during the general anesthesia. All samples were taken from the radial artery. The results were as follows, 1) Pa CO2was increased to 43. 9 5torr+/-7. 85 in group A and decreased to 28. 65 torr+/-6. 05 in group C. (p(0. 005) 2) Acidemia(7.335+/-0.51) in group A and alkalemia(7. 481+/-0.07) in group C were noticed. (p(0. 005) 3) B.E. and bicarbonate levels were within normal range in both groups. It's necessary to choose the patterns of ventilation before anesthesia, because of the anesthesiologist were apt to give alveolar hyperventilation during the controlled ventilation manually, but mild respiratory acidosis were developed during the assist ventilation.
Acidosis, Respiratory ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Blood Gas Analysis* ; Gases ; Hyperventilation ; Radial Artery ; Reference Values ; Ventilation

A method for one-lung anesthesia in which a 14 Fogarty emboiectomy catheter is used to occlude a main bronchus is described. The method is quick, simple, effective and reliable. It eliminates most of the problems which occurs with the standard technique of using a double-lumen cuffed endotracheal tube. During one-lung mannual ventilation, anesthesia was maintained with ketamine I.V. infusion and pancuronium. Before and after one-lung anesthesia, halothane-nitrous oxide-oxygen and pancuronium were used. No significant problems regarding blood pressure, pulse rate, EKG and arterial blood gases were encountered in 3 lung cancer cases who had a pneumonectomy, a lung biopay and a left lower lobectomy.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Bronchi ; Catheters* ; Electrocardiography ; Gases ; Heart Rate ; Ketamine ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Pancuronium ; Pneumonectomy ; Ventilation

The cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) contains only negligible concentrations of buffer anions other than HCO3- because there is no hemoglobin buffer syatem. CSF gas values have been reported and it has been shown that arterial CO2 diffuses easily into the blood brain barrier to form H2CO3 in the CSF. No study for normal valuea of CSF gaaes in Koreans has been reported. The study was attempted to obtain the normal. values of CSF gases and also to compare values of gases in the three different components, j,e. CSF, arterial and venous blood. Relatively healthy patients with no respiratory or systemic disturbances who were sch-eduled for simple operations have been studied. Prior to the induction of aneathesia, Ium-bar tapping was Performed at a level of L3-4 using a 22 gauge needle and CSF samples-were obtained. Then the racial samples were taken. The subclavian vein was cannulated with a 20 gauge catheter and venous b1ood samples were obtained. All the gas values were-compared as shown in the tab1es and figures. The results obtained were as fallows: PCSF O2 was 76.5+/-8.6 torr and PcsF CO2 was 44.9+/-3.6 torr. Both data in the CSF fall in the middle of the arterial and venous valses. The pH of the CSF was 7.329+/-0.017, HCO3- was 23.6+/-1.8 mEq/L and the base excess was -2.2+/-1.5. All the above data are the lowest among the three components, The pH of the CSF is more acid than arterial or venous blood and that pH regulation of the CSF is seemed to be limited because there is no compensatory hemoglobin buffer in the CSF. The finding of the CSF gas values obtained in this study is introduced as a normal data for further physiological study of the CSF.
Anions ; Blood-Brain Barrier ; Catheters ; Gases ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Needles ; Subclavian Vein