OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of iridoid among the fruit, seed, and pericarp from Gardenia jasminoides.

METHODThe contents of geniposide and genipin gentiobioside were determined simultaneously by HPLC. A Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C was used with the acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous (12: 88) as the mobile phases. The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the two components was better over 0.999 4 and the average recoveries were 99.11%, 98.47%, respectively. The results exhibited the remarkable variation among the different parts of the fruit.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of the two constituents in seed were higher than in pericarp.

Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Iridoids ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of diterpenoid pigments in the different processed products of Gardenia jasminoides.

METHODThe separation of Crocin 1, Crocin 2, Crocin 3, Crocetin were determined simultaneously by HPLC on a kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C with the m methanol-acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous in gradient elution as the mobile phrase. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the four components was better over 0.9995 and the average recoveries were 97.77%, 100.05% , 98.40%, 101.02%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate with good reproducibility. The results showed that the remarkable variation regulations appear among the different processed products.

Carotenoids ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diterpenes ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Reproducibility of Results

OBJECTIVETo study effects of different harvest times and processing methods on the quality of Gardeniae Fructus.

METHODThe content of asminoidin and the similarity of the fingerprint of Gardeniae Fructus were determined and applied for assessment of the quality.

RESULTGardeniae Fructus harvested in October with yellow-green appearance was the better time point for harvest. Drying in the sun and boiling in the water is the better processing method for Gardeniae Fructus.

CONCLUSIONDifferent harvest times and processing methods can affect the quality of Gardeniae Fructus.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of iridoid in the different processed products from Gardenia jasminoides.

METHODContents of geniposide and genipin gentiobioside in products were determined simultaneously by HPLC. A kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C was used with the acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous (12:88) as the mobile phrase. The detection wavelength was set at 238 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the two components was good with that the relative coefficients (r) were over 0.9994 and the average recoveries were 101.8%, 99.1%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple, accurate with good reproducibility. The results showed contents of two components are difference in the different processed products.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Iridoids ; chemistry

An analysis method was established by UPLC fingerprint and then applied to simultaneous determination of multiple compounds in Gardeniae Fructus from different areas in China. Samples were separated on a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈( 2. 1 mm×50 mm,1. 7 μm) column with 0. 1% formic acid-water and acetonitrile solution as gradient mobile phase at a flow rate of 0. 4 m L·min-1 at various wavelengths. The similarity of samples was over 0. 95 with ″Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine( 2012 edition) ″. The UPLC common fingerprints for 32 batches were established with 19 common peaks identified. The samples were divided into 3 groups analyzed by HCA and PCA. Five components were identified as the main compositions which caused the differences of chemical constituents in the samples from different areas with partial least squares discriminant analysis( PLS-DA). The content of the total components in each area was Zhejiang > Fujian > Jiangxi > Sichuan. This method was accurate and viable,could be used to evaluate the quality of Gardeniae Fructus.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Fruit/chemistry* ; Gardenia/chemistry* ; Phytochemicals/analysis*

The aim of this study was to compare crocins in the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides and Gardenia jasminoides var. radicans. Acchrom XCharge C_(18) column(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used for separation, with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid for gradient elution. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm with a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 ℃. The high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprint of crocin in Gardenia species was established by testing 20 batches of G. jasminoides and 8 batches of G. jasminoides var. radicans samples from different sources, and UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS technology and reference substances were used to predict and identify the common peaks. The results showed that 20 common chromatographic peaks from the samples were selected and the structures of 16 common peaks were predicted by mass spectrum. Four common peaks(crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ) were identified by the comparison with reference substances. The content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ was determined simultaneously under the same chromatographic condition, and both the system suitability and the methodological investigation results met the requirements of content determination. The relative similarity of HPLC fingerprint of 28 samples to the reference fingerprint was above 0.98. The results of cluster analysis(CA) showed that G. jasminoides and G. jasminoides var. radicans were separately grouped into one group. In the 20 batches of G. jasminoides, the content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, and Ⅲ was between 3.58-9.58, 0.230-1.452, 0.014 5-0.135, and 0.301-1.12 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and the total content was between 4.12-12.25 mg·g~(-1). In the 8 batches of G. jasminoides var. radicans, the content of crocin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ, and Ⅲ was between 5.84-11.48, 0.308-0.898, 0.010 6-0.025 5, and 0.675-1.34 mg·g~(-1), respectively, and the total content was between 6.97-13.72 mg·g~(-1). The existing results showed that there is a certain similarity between G. jasminoides and G. jasminoides var. radicans in the composition of crocin, which needs further proved by more batches of samples. The method established in this paper provides references for the quality control of G. jasminoides, G. jasminoides var. radicans, and related products.
Carotenoids/analysis* ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Fruit/chemistry* ; Gardenia/chemistry* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

OBJECTIVETo compare the components and contents of volatile oil in Gardenia jasminoids, Zingiber officinale, G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice and to provide scientific basis for intrinsic material of G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice.

METHODThe volatile oil in the three herbal medicines was extracted by steam distillation, the components were analyzed by GC-MS and the contents of the components were calculated by area normalization method.

RESULTThe contents of volatile oil in G. jasminoids, Z. officinale, G. jasminoids roasted with ginger juice were 1.0, 2.0, 1.5 microL x g(-1), respectively. A total of 89 components were identified by GC-MS. Although 42, 75 and 77 peaks were separated, only 30, 58 and 67 components were identified accordingly, which accounted 94.1%, 90.52% and 94.38% of the whole volatile oil.

CONCLUSIONAfter being processed with ginger juice, the components and contents of volatile oil in G. jasminoids has been changed obviously.

Gardenia ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Ginger ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; analysis

OBJECTIVETo compare the contents of diterpenoid pigments among the fruit, seed, and pericarp from Gardenia jasminoides.

METHODThe separation of Crocin 1, Crocin 2, Crocin 3 were carried out simultaneously on a Kromasil C18 column at 35 degrees C with the methanol-acetonitrile-0.3% formic acid anhydrous in gradient elution as the mobile phrases. The detection wavelength was set at 440 nm and the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1).

RESULTThe obtained linearity of the three components was better over 0.999 5 and the average recoveries were 97.50%, 98.76%, 97.67%, respectively. The results exhibited the remarkable variation among the different parts of the fruit.

CONCLUSIONThe contents of three constituents in seed were higher than in pericarp.

Carotenoids ; analysis ; Diterpenes ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Pigments, Biological ; analysis

In this experiment,the gradation analysis method was used to evaluate the quality of different pieces of Gardeniae Fructus through the extraction rate difference and the difference analysis of the main components in the extract. In this experiment cold-dip and hot-dip methods were used to compare the yield of Gardeniae Fructus extract and the content of chemical constituents with water,25%,50%,75% and 95% ethanol fractions. By weighted calculation,the optimal extraction method of Gardeniae Fructus was determined,and this was verified by practical application. RESULTS:: showed that for the water-soluble extract,cold dip method was better than the hot dip method; and for alcohol-soluble extract,75% ethanol under cold dip method was best. The verification results showed that water-soluble extracts under cold dip methods could be used to significantly distinguish the raw Gardeniae Fructus( GF) and processed( stir-baked) GF( GFP) collected from the market. Meanwhile,this method could be also used to distinguish the same batch of GF,GFP and carbonized GF( GFC) with significant differences,respectively( P<0. 05). Ethanol-soluble extract can be used to clearly distinguish GFP and GFC pieces in the same batch( P<0. 05). The results of content determination showed that the variation coefficient of components in GF processed products was higher than that in extracts,and the content of hydroxygeniposide was the most significant component between GF and its processed products. It is suggested that the method of water-soluble extract of GF and the determination of the content of gardoside should be combined together to evaluate the quality of GF and its heat processed products.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts ; analysis

Grade evaluation method of quality constant is a kind of grading method for Chinese medicinal materials and decoction pieces,combining the external morphological index and internal content index. This method was used in this paper for grade evaluation of Gardeniae Fructus. By measuring the morphological and content indexes of 14 batches of Gardeniae Fructus,a method for calculating the quality constant of fruits was established,and the grade evaluation criteria were formed. At the same time,the NO inhibition effect of different grades of Gardeniae Fructus samples on RAW264. 7 cells induced by LPS was determined to investigate the relationship between the quality grade and pharmacodynamics of decoction pieces. The results showed that the quality constants of Gardeniae Fructus decoction piece samples ranged from 1. 46 to 4. 42. If the percentage quality constant ≥80% was classified into first-class,50%-80%as second-class and the rest as third-class,the quality constant was ≥3. 54 for first-class,2. 21-3. 54 for second-class and <2. 21 for third-class Gardeniae Fructus decoction pieces. The pharmacodynamic results showed that the pharmacodynamic intensity was positively correlated with the grade,which also proved the rationality of the grade evaluation method of quality constant.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Mice ; Quality Control ; RAW 264.7 Cells