STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Current tendencies of the implant macrodesign are tapered shapes for improved primary stability, but there are lack of studies regarding the relationship between the implant macrodesign and primary stability. PURPOSE: The purpose is to investigate the effect of implant macrodesign on the implant primary stability by way of resonance frequency analysis in the bovine rib bones with different kinds of quality. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fifty implants of 6 different kinds from two Korean implant systems were used for the test. Bovine rib bones were cut into one hundred pieces with the length of 5 cm. Among them forty pieces of rib bones with similar qualities were again selected. For the experimental group 1, the thickness of cortical part was measured and 20 pieces of rib bones with the mean thickness of 1.0mm were selected for implant placement. For the experimental group 2, the cortical parts of the remaining 20 pieces of rib bones were totally removed and then implants were placed on the pure cancellous bone according to the surgical manual. After placement of all implants, the implant stability quotient(ISQ) was measured by three times, and its statistical analysis was done. RESULTS: There are statistically significant differences in ISQ values among 4 different kinds of Avana system implants in the experimental group 2. For the experimental group 1, Avana system implants showed significantly different ISQ values, but when differences in the thickness of cortical parts were statistically considered, did not show any significant differences in ISQ values. Among Oneplant system implants, there are no significant differences in ISQ values for the experimental group 2 as well as for the experimental group 1. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, bone quality and implant design have some influences on the primary stability of implants. Especially in the bone of poor quality, tapered shape of implants are more favorable for the primary stability of implants.
Ribs

To evaluate the follow-up management state and related factor of lead battery workers in periodic health examination as part of program of group occupational health service, author studied 293 workers with questionnaire on knowledge of results and follow-up management state and related factors, and compared the responses to their periodic health examination result charts. The results were as follows: 1. 252(86%) workers responsed that they had received the health examination result chart, but only 116(39.6%) workers responsed that they had been educated or explained about the result of health examination, and 11(57.9%) workers among 19 workers with non-occupational disease D, 101(44.3%) workers among 228 workers with non-occupational disease C, and 19(28.4%) workers among 67 workers with occupational disease C knew accurately their health examination results. 2. 78(24.8%) of the workers responsed that they had follow-up management, and contents of follow-up management were follow-up(36.6%), out-patient treatment(31%), change worksite(8.5%), temporary retirement(7.0%) and others(16.9%). 3. Most of the workers responsed that the health examination were necessary, but three-fourths of the workers responsed that the health examination had been superficial or that they didn't know. 4. In this study, follow-up management show significant association with only explanation or education about health examination result chart.
Education ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Knowledge of Results (Psychology) ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Health Services ; Outpatients ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The hippocampal atrophy has been known to be an important biological marker for the early diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aims of this study are to disclose the differerence in the interuncal distance (IUD) between MCI, dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT) and healthy aged controls, and to identify the affecting factors. METHODS: In transaxial plane, the IUDs at the level of the suprasellar cistern on the T1-weighted images on the brain MRI were measured in patients with MCI (N=30), those with DAT (N=34), and healthy aged controls (N=20). Furthermore, demographic data about age, sex, educational level as well as cerebrovascular factors were obtained by structured interviews and medical records, and the severity of cognitive disorders were assessed using the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the Global Deterioration Scale (GDS). RESULTS: 1) The mean (+/-S.D.) IUD of DAT group (26.52+/-3.37 mm) was significantly different from that of healthy aged controls (24.35+/-2.91 mm)(p=0.044). However, there were no significant differences between IUD of MCI group (25.60+/-2.66 mm) and that of DAT group (p=0.483) as well as that of healthy aged controls and that of MCI group (p=0.363). 2) Variables such as age, sex, educational level, cerebrovascular risk factors and severity of cognitive disorder were not related to the IUD. CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of IUD on the brain MRI did not seem to be a helpful biological marker for the early detection of MCI in clinical practice.
Atrophy ; Biomarkers ; Brain ; Dementia ; Early Diagnosis ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Mild Cognitive Impairment* ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Onychomycosis, especially toenail onychomycosis has become one of the common fungal infection and has historically been regarded as a cosmetic rather than medical problem by many patients, even by physicians. Recently, however, there are several reports that this is a refractory disease which may cause a deleterious effect on patients' quality of life (QOL). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of toenail onychomycosis on QOL in Korea and to assess the changes of QOL after treatment. METHODS: Total 1004 patients with toenail onychomycosis which was confirmed by clinical findings and KOH preparation were enrolled at 47 dermatologic centers in Korea, and interviewed with standardized QOL questionnaire before and after systemic antifungal treatment. Responses to the questionnaire were scored by f-point scale (0~4) and averaged, and were analyzed for 5 dimensions of emotional impact, social impact, symptom and functional impact, patients' views concerning treatment, and relationship with doctor. RESULTS: 1. Before and after treatment, the most serious impact was emotional dimension showing 1.90 and 1.30 in average score (AS), and social (AS: 1.14 and 0.83) and symptom and functional impact (AS: 1.05 and 0.92) was also affected. 2. In female rather than male, statistically more significant impact on patients' QOL was observed in all dimensions. 3. After treatment, 3 of 5 dimensions were improved significantly - emotional dimension (AS: from 1.90 to 1.30), social dimension (AS: from 1.14 to 0.83), patients' view concerning treatment(AS: from 1.34 to 1.02) 4. The degree of patients' satisfaction at the therapeutic effect was very high - 62.4% (immediately after. treatment) and 65.8% (9 months after initiation of treatment) of patients answered excellent or good. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that toenail onychomycosis has significant Impact on the overall QOL of patients. Also the effect of antifungal therapy on patients' QOL were satisfactory. Therefore, both doctor and patient should pay more attention to the treatment of onychomycosis.
Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Nails* ; Onychomycosis* ; Quality of Life* ; Social Change ; Surveys and Questionnaires