Objective To explore clinical characteristics of patients with cerebral infarction(CI) complicated with metabolic syndrome(MS) and their correlation with severity of cerebrovascular stenosis. Methods A total of 585 cases with CI were retrospectively studied. The patients were catogorized in to groups with and without MS according to NCEP-ATPⅢ diagnostic criteria. Severity of cerebrovascular were evaluated by CT. ResultsTwo hundred ninty cases(49.6%) complicated with MS showed higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride (TG), uric acid (UA), fasting blood glucose (FBG), two hours postprandial blood glucose (2 h PBG), glucosylated hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c), and lower high-densitylipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C) than those without MS. Larger size and multiple infarcts and more serious score of neurological deficit were shown in patients complicated with MS. Severity of cerebrovascular disease disclosed by CT was positively related to levels of waist circumferene, blood pressure, TC, TG, HbA1c, FBG and 2 h PBG while in versely related to the levels of HDL-C (r=-1.23, P

Objectives To investigate the incidence of brain injuri in premature infants in ten hospitals of seven large cities in China sponsored by the Subspecialty Group of Neonatology of Pediatric Society, China Medical Association. Methods All premature infants with gestational age less than 37 weeks in ten hospitals were given routine cranial ultrasound within three days of birth, and then repeated every 3-7 days till the discharge from the hospital during January 2005 to August 2006. Results Incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and severe IVH were 10.8% (406/3 768) and 2.4% (92/3 768) with 22.6% (92/406) for grade 1, 54.7% (222/406) for grade 2, 17.2% (70/406) for grade 3 and 5.4% (22/406) for grade 4 in nine hospitals; incidence of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) and cystic PVL were 2.3% (112/4 933) and 0.3% (16/4 933) with 85.7% (96/112) for grade 1, 12.5% (14/112) for grade 2, and 1.8% (2/112) for grade 3 including all ten hospitals, respectively. Risk factors associated with increased severity of IVH were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.874, 95% CI = 1.172 - 2.997, P < 0.01), perinatal asphyxia (OR = 1.598, 95% CI = 1.077 - 2.372, P < 0.05), mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.988, 95% CI= 2.448 -6.948, P< 0.01), and amniotic fluid contamination (OR = 2.192, 95% CI = 1.054 - 4.544, P< 0.05). Risk factors that might result in the development of cystic PVL were vaginal delivery (OR = 1.400, 95% CI = 1.186 - 1.652, P < 0.001) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 3.000, 95% CI = 1.015 - 8.864, P < 0.05). Conclusions These data reflect basically the prevalence of brain injuriy in premature infants in major cities of China. However, more than 60% of population lives in the rural area, further multicenter investigation including the rural area is expected to be undertaken in future.

We studied the effects of several medicinal insects on biosynthesis of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum in submerged culture. The results showed that the medicinal insect, Catharsius molossus at 5 g/L significantly promoted the biosynthesis of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) of G. lucidum, and compared with control, IPS and EPS yields markedly enhanced from (1.93 +/- 0.09) g/L to (2.41 +/- 0.12) g/L and (520.3 +/- 20.2) mg/L to (608.9 +/- 20.2) mg/L, respectively (P < 0.05). Both IPS and EPS consisted of five kinds of components, and IPS-1 and EPS-1 were the major components of IPS and EPS, respectively. Further separation studies showed that IPS-1 was made up of three single compounds, while EPS-1 was made up of two single compounds. There were no new components in both IPS and EPS obtained from G lucidum in submerged culture by the addition of the insect, C. molossus, suggesting the biosynthetic pathways of the major components of IPS and EPS had not been changed.
Animals ; Cockroaches ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Fermentation ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Polysaccharides ; biosynthesis ; chemistry ; Reishi ; growth & development ; metabolism

We studied the effects of Catharsius molossus (a Chinese medicinal insect) on the cell growth, fermentation kinetics of key bioactive substances and anti-cancer activity of Ganoderma lucidum in submerged fermentation. The results showed that C. molossus at all the tested concentrations had no stimulatory effect on the cell growth. However, addition of C. molossus at 5 g/L lead to significant effects on the fermentation kinetics of polysaccharides and triterpenoids of G lucidum, and at 7th day in fermentation process, the yields of polysaccharides and triterpenoids reached 2.81 g/L and 539.0 mg/L, respectively, while they were 2.25 g/L and 428.2 mg/L in control. In vivo anti-cancer studies showed that the inhibitory rates of control fermented G lucidum (CFG) and a combination of water extract from C. molossus and CFG on the developed tumor (Heps) in mice were 41.61% and 42.24%, respectively. Moreover, the inhibitory rate of the G lucidum fermented with C. molossus (GFC) reached 57.21%, which was enhanced 37.49%, compared to the inhibitory rate of the control fermented G lucidum. These results suggest that supplementation of C. molossus in submerged fermentation of G lucidum lead to a significant enhancement of the anti-cancer activity of cultured G lucidum.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; biosynthesis ; therapeutic use ; Cockroaches ; chemistry ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Female ; Fermentation ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Materia Medica ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Polysaccharides ; biosynthesis ; pharmacology ; Reishi ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Triterpenes ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective: To explore cyberbullying and risk factors of middle school students, and to provide a reference for cyberbullying prevention in school settings. Methods: A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 12 940 students from three junior high schools and four senior high schools in Yixing City of Jiangsu Province, China, to conduct a questionnaire survey from March 1 to May 31, 2019. The Chi -square test was performed to compare differences in the prevalence of cyberbullying among groups with different sociodemographic characteristics, and the multivariate Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the risk factors. A risk predictive nomogram model was constructed and then verified. Results: Middle school students were found to be victims of cyberbullying at a rate of 12.3%. The Logistic regression results showed that alcohol use ( OR =1.93), lack of emotional management ( OR =1.30), feeling unsafe ( OR =1.70), not trusting people ( OR =1.66), increased daily online time ( OR =1.39), higher frequency of using social software or websites ( OR =2.24), poor relationships with family members ( OR =1.46), parental neglect ( OR =1.50), class leadership ( OR =1.30) and poor relationships with classmates ( OR =1.34) were risk factors for middle school students who were victims of cyberbullying ( P <0.05). Based on these 10 independent risk factors, the nomogram prediction model, had good discrimination ( AUC =0.73). Conclusion Cyberbullying is common among middle school students. Internet use, parental neglect and class leadership all have an impact on cyberbullying.

Objective:To investigate the epidemiology, evolution and transmission characteristics of HIV-1 CRF07_BC in Nanjing between 2015 and 2019 to provide scientific basis for precise prevention and control of HIV-1 transmission.Methods:Pol gene sequences of 319 patients with HIV-1 CRF07_BC infection in Nanjing were amplified and sequenced and a maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was then constructed. Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling method was used to generate Maximum Clade Credibility Tree. Bayesian Skyline Plot was used to reconstruct the changing trend of the effective population size. Pairwise gene distance method was used to construct molecular network to investigate the transmission features. Results:Among the 319 patients, 303 (95.0%) were male; 264 (82.8%) had multiple sexual partners; only 14 (4.4%) had been using condoms. Most of the infections were occurred in men who have sex with men (MSM), accounting for 77.4%. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of HIV-1 CRF07_BC revealed two clusters: Cluster1 and Cluster2. Cluster1 mainly contained the strains isolated from MSM and Cluster2 mainly consisted of the strains isolated from heterosexual patients. The most recent common ancestor was 2002.47(1999.91, 2005.43) year for Cluster1 and 1996.38(1992.55, 1999.76) year for Cluster2. The evolutionary rates (95% highest posterior density, 95%HPD) of Cluster1 and Cluster2 were 1.73×10 -3 (1.36×10 -3-2.16×10 -3) substitutions·site -1·year -1 and 2.09×10 -3 (1.50×10 -3 -2.79×10 -3 ) substitutions·site -1·year -1, respectively. The effective population sizes of Cluster1 and Cluster2 tended to be stable after 2002 and 2003, respectively. In addition, Cluster1 and Cluster2 formed eleven and eight unique branches, respectively, suggesting the possibility of divergent epidemics of this genotype. A total of 35 propagation clusters were formed in the molecular propagation network, including 92 Nanjing sequences with an average degree of 4.3. Males, MSM and people with multiple sexual partners were more likely to be connected to the network. Students and young patients were more likely to be connected to the network. Conclusions:HIV-1 CRF07_BC infection was characterized by low age, multiple sexual partners, unprotected behaviors and transmission among MSM in Nanjing from 2015 to 2019. It was recommended to pay more attention to students and young people, to formulate more effective prevention and control measures for high-risk sexual behaviors, and to carry out continuous molecular monitoring of CRF07_BC strain, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of HIV CRF07_BC.

Objective To retrieve and analyze the guidelines on diabetic foot offloading, and summarize the evidence of high quality guidelines, so as to provide reference for standardizing the offloading treatment of diabetic foot in China. MethodsThe clinical practice guidelines of diabetic foot in the major guideline networks, databases and professional association websites were retrieved by computer. Three researches evaluated the quality of the guidelines, and two researches extracted evidence from documents that met the quality criteria. ResultsA total of 7 guidelines were included, and 5 aspects, 30 recommendations were extracted, including comprehensive treatment, the principle of offloading, offloading of the plantar ulcer, offloading of the non-plantar ulcer, and the gap between the evidence and practice. ConclusionsThis study summarize the best evidence of the diabetic foot offloading therapy, and provides a reference for medical institution to develop appropriate procedures and standardize the practice of diabetic foot offloading therapy. Most of the interventions recommended in the guidelines come from relatively developed countries, but their application may be limited in less developed countries or regions. Therefore, it is urgent to explore offloading methods which have positive offloading effect as well as conform to our national conditions, and apply them to clinical practice gradually in order to improve the therapeutic effect of diabetic foot and improve prognosis.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and behavioral status of foot care among pa-tients with type 2 diabetes in Xinjiekou Community in Beijing and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 278 diabetes patients from Xinjiekou Community in Beijing for questionnaire surveys,which included general information,foot care knowl-edge,and behaviors of the patients.Results The average score of foot care knowledge among the 278 patients was(71.65±14.59),indicating a moderate level overall.The average score of foot care be-havior was(48.83±8.83),indicating a poor level overall.Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that gender,duration of diabetes,and whether the patients had received foot care education or not were independent influencing factors for both the foot care knowledge score and the foot care behav-ior score among community diabetes patients(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation between foot care knowledge and foot care behavior among community diabetes patients was observed(r=0.593,P＜0.001).Conclusion The level of foocare knowledge among diabetes patients in this community in Beijing is moderate,while the status of foot care behaviors is not optimistic.Community healthcare professionals should strengthen health education on foot care,improve patients'knowledge of foot care and compliance with foot care behaviors,and pay attention to male patients and those with a shorter duration of diabetes to reduce the occurrence of diabetic foot.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and behavioral status of foot care among pa-tients with type 2 diabetes in Xinjiekou Community in Beijing and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A convenient sampling method was used to select 278 diabetes patients from Xinjiekou Community in Beijing for questionnaire surveys,which included general information,foot care knowl-edge,and behaviors of the patients.Results The average score of foot care knowledge among the 278 patients was(71.65±14.59),indicating a moderate level overall.The average score of foot care be-havior was(48.83±8.83),indicating a poor level overall.Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that gender,duration of diabetes,and whether the patients had received foot care education or not were independent influencing factors for both the foot care knowledge score and the foot care behav-ior score among community diabetes patients(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that a positive correlation between foot care knowledge and foot care behavior among community diabetes patients was observed(r=0.593,P＜0.001).Conclusion The level of foocare knowledge among diabetes patients in this community in Beijing is moderate,while the status of foot care behaviors is not optimistic.Community healthcare professionals should strengthen health education on foot care,improve patients'knowledge of foot care and compliance with foot care behaviors,and pay attention to male patients and those with a shorter duration of diabetes to reduce the occurrence of diabetic foot.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of smoking, emotional control, and family relationship on the association between relational bullying victimization and perpetration.Method:A total of 11 462 participants were included in the study. Mediating effect model was used to analyze the mediating effect of smoking, emotional control, and family relationship between relational bullying victimization and perpetration.Results:Family relationship (mediation effect value: 0.119, 95% CI: 0.075-0.165, mediation ratio: 8.5%) and smoking (mediation effect value: 0.061, 95% CI: 0.031-0.105, mediation ratio: 4.4%) constitute a separate mediating effect. Family relationship, emotional control, and smoking constitute a chain mediation effect (mediation effect value: 0.007, 95% CI: 0.003-0.013, mediation ratio: 0.5%); family relationship and smoking constitute a chain mediation effect (mediation effect value: 0.036, 95% CI: 0.020-0.056, mediation ratio: 2.6%); emotional control and smoking constitute a chain mediating effect (mediation effect value: 0.007, 95% CI: 0.003-0.013, mediation ratio: 0.5%). Conclusion:Smoking, emotional control, and family relationship partially mediate relational bullying victimization and perpetration.