Contrast induced nephropathy(CIN)has become the third leading cause of hospitalized acquired nephropathy, with high morbidity and mortality involving the use of iodinated contrast media especially in patients already suffered from renal insufficiency. This complication has been recognized gradually, however, it is still oftenly ignored by the diagnostic and interventional radiologists. The prevalence, definition, risk factors, prevention and treatment, and prognosis have been reviewed in this article. It is addressed that increasing the realization of CIN is the key factor to prevent and manage such a complication for every interventional radiologist.

Stem cell possesses the capability of self-regeneration and multidirectional differentiation.Although renal transplantation being the best way for the treatment of end-stage nephropathy,the shortage of donor kidney arouses the treatment with transplantation of stem cells taking emphasis in recent years.The process and mechanism of this therapy are complicated and the authors review in detail the experimental research advancement on stem cells engraftment for the treatment.The correlative interventional technology is also evaluated.(J Intervent Radiol,2006,15: 632-635)

Arterial stenotic and occlusive disorders of low limb are commonly the most important factors associated with the prognosis of diabetic foot.The effect of traditional bypass operation is unpredictable for lack of runoff artery.On the other hand,the contributions of special interventional devices and techniques targeted at infrapopliteal artery show unique therapeutic outcomes of interventional management;together with furthermore stem cell thansplantation would present a promising future for the treatment of diabetic foot.

Objective To study the effects of cryopreservation and two different cooling rates on rat hepatocytes. Methods Perfusion with collagenase digestion was used to isolate rat hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were incubated with a freezing medium consisting of RPMI 1640 with 20% calf serum and 10% DMSO. Two different freezing protocols were applied using a computer controlled freezer to freeze the medium to -80℃ before hepatocytes were plunged into liquid nitrogen and stored. The viability, morphology, and protein synthesis were measured at Day 3, Day 15, Day 30, respectively after thawing. Results Both viability and protein synthesis ability of group B and group C decreased significantly as compared with that of Group A ( P 0.05). Electron microscopy showed ultrastructural changes between fresh and thawed rat hepatocytes including injury of cell membrane, loss of cell content, alteration of nucleolus. The degree of injury in Group B is slighter than in Group C. Conclusion Cooling rate of cryopreservation correlates with the quality of thawed hepatocytes. The cryopreservation and thawing procedures are key factors to affect the quantity and quality of hepatocytes. The viability and protein synthesis ability are not influenced by the storage period in liquid nitrogen.

Objective To evaluate the effect of bile on growth and function of endothelial cells in vitro. Methods In vitro, endothelial cells explanted from human umbilical vein were cultured. The experiment was designed as 6 groups with concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% bile and without bile respectively. Morphological changes of the cells was evaluated daily until to harvest after culture. MTT value of light absorption and total protein was assessed at 5 days. von Willebrand factor (vWF) was measured for identification of cells and estimation of function. Results The explanted cells were verified as endothelial cells by vWF test. Viability and morphology of endothelial cells in culture mediums added with 5%, 10%, 15% bile were similar to those cells without bile, while cells in mediums with 20% and 25% bile were markedly reduced and immature. Comparing with the cells cultured without bile, MTT value of light absorption and total protein in mediums with 25% bile reduced statistical significantly ( P

Objective To evaluate the feasibilities of the potential donors in liver cell transplantation using the human fetal hepatocytes and immortalized L-02 hepatocytes by comparing their biological features. Methods Human fetal hepatocytes were isolated from aborted fetal livers (gestational ages from 14 w to 24 w) by an improved two-stage perfusion method and cultured in a conditioned medium without any growth factors.?-fetal protein (AFP) and albumin (ALB) were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and cytokeratin-19 (CK-19) was identified by cellular immunochemistry study.Immortalized L-02 hepatocytes were cultured in the same condition and the characteristic proteins were detected by the same methods.Results The viability of human fetal hepatocytes was approximately 95% using the perfusion method, and the maximum survival time of the cultured hepatocytes was 3 weeks.The expression of AFP, ALB, and CK19 was detected at the same time, especially during Day 3 to Day 7 in the culture.By comparison, the proliferation ability of L-02 hepatocyte was greater, although with a lower level of ALB secretion.The expression of AFP and CK19 was not detected.Furthermore, during the long culture, L-02 hepatocytes may undergo a morphologic change and fail to express ALB.Conclusion Human fetal hepatocyte may be a practical donor for hepatocyte transplantation with its high-level protein expression and potential bi-differentiation ability.In view of the absent expression of ALB and the morphologic change in culture, although with better proliferation, L-02 hepatocyte seems not useful for hepatocyte transplantation.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is a relative new interventional technique, which is widely used in treatment of vertebral collapse caused by vertebral neoplasms and osteoporotic compression fractures. The general technical considerations of PVP techniques are discussed based on authors' experience obtained over 400 patients in the past years in this article, including preparation of PMMA, instrument of PVP, guidance and puncture approaches, and technique of the procedure, etc. The conclusion is that PVP is a safe procedure if the physicians handle it properly.

Intra-arterial recanalization may rapidly restore blood flow and salvage the ischemic penumbra,which has become the most effective therapeutic means for acute ischemic stroke. Many noel revascularization therapies have been used in clinical practice. This article reviews the advances in this field.

Objective To study the vascular architecture and the indication of endovascular embolization of intramedullary AVMs and evaluate the therapeutic effect. Methods 15 patients (male 9 and female 6 , 9 to 43 years old) with acute or progressive paralysis were undergone DSA and endovascular embolization. The embolic material was PVA particles and silk suture segments. Lidocaine test was performed before embolization if it was necessary. Results There were 3 glomus AVMs and 12 juvenile AVMs among the 15 cases. The glomus AVM was usually fed by single artery, the juvenile AVM was fed by two or more arteries. Among 15 patients, 2 were cured, 3 had excellent effect, 6 had good effect, 4 showed no changed and no one became worsening. After 6 months to 5 years follow up, 7 patients with recurrency were re embolized,another 2 patients were lost of follow up. Conclusions Endovascular embolization is a mild invasive, safety and effective therapeutic method for curing AVMs by avascularizing the rudus and decreasing the drainage vein pressure and bleeding.

Objective To investigate the value of transcatheter thrombolysis treatment of acute A V internal fistula thrombogenesis in hemodialysis patients. Methods The acute A V fistula thrombogenesis in 32 hemodialysis patients with chronic renal failure were treated with transcatheter pulse spray pharmacomechnical thrombolysis (PSPMT). Results Acute A V fistula thrombogenesis was verified in all 32 patients by angiography and treated with transcatheter PSPMT. The immediate clinical success rate of thrombolysis was achieved in 97% except for one case. The A V fistulas were proved to reopen by post treatment angiography. Recurrent thrombosis was found in 4 cases, reopenning with transcatheter PSPMT was achieved in 2 of them and the rest 2 cases were undergone PTA because of localized vascular stenosis. All the 32 A V fistulae, were reopened after treatment without serious complications such as hemorrhage, pulmonary embolism and others.Conclusions Transcatheter PSPMT is a safe, effective and microinvasive treatment for acute A V fistula thrombolysis with higher immediate reopenning rate. Transcatheter PSPMT combined with PTA and intravascular stent grafting can improve long term patency rate.