Objective To evaluate the changes of left ventricular regional function in normal subjects with aging and the influencing factors by Doppler tissue imaging. Methods One hundred and twelve normal subjects were divided into four groups according to age: I group with age≤18 years old ; II group with 18 60 years old. Using a quantitative tissue velocity analysis system and tissue tracking, the peak velocities of different ventricular segments at systole, early and late diastole (Vs, Ve,Va) , the Ve/Va ratios were obtained and the effects of age, gender, heart rate and STd were analyzed. Results (1) Peak velocities of different segments of each wall were decreased one by one from mitral annulus, the basal, middle segment to the apical portion. (2) Peak velocities of different ventricular walls were significantly different, with the antero- and posterio-inter-ventricular septum being the lowest CVe (6. 89?2. 60) ,(7. 94?2. 64)cm/s]and with the latero-,posterio-,antero, and inferior walls of the left ventricle being higherCVe (9. 85?3. 02) , (9. 80?3. 09), (8. 86?3. 16), (8. 23?2. 48) cm/s] . (3) Peak velocities of different segments were associated with age, STd, BMI, heart rate and not associated with gender. (4) The Ve/Va ratios were increased one by one from mitral annulus, basal, middle segment to apical portion, and were significantly lower in III group and IV group than in I group and II group. Conclusions Peak velocities of different segments at different walls change regularly and age is the most important influencing factor to the diastolic velocities.

The direct spinal projections from the cerebellar nuclei in the rabbit were retro gradely traced by unilateral injection of WGA-HRP into different levels of the spinal cord, including the cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments. The labeled neurons in the cerebellar nuclei were constantly seen in those animals, in which the upper cervical segments (C_(2-4)) were injected. No labeled neurons could be found in the cerebellar nuclei following injection into the lower cervical cord (C_(6-8)) or more caudal segments. All labeled neurons were located in the caudal parts of the fastigial and the interposed nuclei on the side contralateral to the injection. The results show that there are crossed projections from the cerebellar nuclei directly to the upper cervical cord. This study provide certain morphological evidences for further investigation of some aspects of cerebellar functions on motor coordination.

Objective To evaluate the advantage of single -source spectrum CT in differentiating of calcifi-cation and tophus.Methods 146 cases of clinical suspected patients with gout pain were scaned by single -source spectrum CT,observed the adjacent to the bone and joint hyperplasia and showing characteristics of gout stone,coun-ted quantity,size and position of the sedimentary tophus.Diagnosed by American rheumatism association standard as the gold standard,computed the sensitivity,specific degrees and accuracy of showing tophus of single -source spec-trum CT and conventional CT,and evaluated the advantage of differentiating adjacent to the bone and joint hyperplasia and gout stone of single -source spectrum CT.Results Diagnosis of gout in 105 cases.Scaned 349 joints,positive in 341 of them,The first plantar toe joint involvement was obvious[118,34.60%(118/341)];The result showed that the sensitivities of the tophus,specific and accurate rate of the conventional CT were 63.80%(67 /105),65.85%(27 /41),64.38%(94 /146),which of single -source spectrum CT were 96.19%(101 /105),87.80%(36 /41), 93.84%(137/146),the differences of sensitivity,specificity and accuracy between the two methods were statistical significance(χ2 =34.42,555,38.34,all P <0.05).Conclusion Single -source spectrum CT in gout stone adjacent to the bone and joint has higher sensitivity and accuracy,specific degree,it is higher than conventional CT and provide a new noninvasive imaging technique for the identification of the peripheral bone and joint of the bone.

Objective To study the value of CT angiography(CTA) and three dimensional contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography(3D CE-MRA) in the diagnosis of arteriosclerotic occlusive disease (ASO) of lower limb and evaluate arterial stenosis. Methods Thirty-eight patients clinically suspected ASO were studied with CTA and3D CE-MRA,twenty-two patients underwent DSA at the same time. The degree of seriousness of the stenosis shown by various imaging techniques were analyzed respectively. Results Using the DSA images as the standard reference, the sensitivity and specificity of CTA were 97.3% ,99. 1%, and MRA both were 100.0% in detecting the segments occluded. With regard the detection of segments that had more than moderate stenosis ,the sensitivity and specificity of CT were 99.3% ,97.6% ,and MRA were 97.9% ,96.4%. The degree of seriousness of the stenosis shown by MRA was overestimated than CTA on the segments that had more than moderate stenosis(x2 =5.80,P ＜0. 05). Conclusion CTA and 3D CE-MRA were reliable method in diagnosis of ASO.

Objective To compare the size of ablation lesions created by normal saline enhanced radiofrequency ablation (NS-RFA) and dilute hydrochloric acid enhanced radiofrequency ablation (HCl-RFA), explore their affecting factors, and observe the morphological manifestations of the ablated lesions.Methods NS-RFA and HCl-RFA were performed on 30 excised porcine livers with 9 different combinations of durations (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes), temperatures (83, 93, 103, and 113 ℃ ) and powers (20, 30,and 40W). For each ablated lesion, the longitudinal and transverse diameters were measured, and volumes calculated. Multifactor analysis of variance was used to analyze the affecting factors of the size of ablated lesions. Macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics of lesions were observed. Results ( 1 )NS-RFA lesion volumes under 9 combinations were ( 3.53 ± 0. 34 ), (6. 41 ± 0. 42 ), ( 10. 69 ± 0. 37 ),(11.40±0.51), (3.20±0.23), (6.59 ±0.50), (12.11 ±0.70), (11.12 ±0.52), (11.81 ±0. 64) cm3, respectively. HCl-RFA lesion volumes under 9 combinations were ( 11.97 ± 1. 00), (28.72 ±0.99), (59.45 ±1.33), (105.65 ±2.40), (13.64±0.60), (29.70±0.58), (59.22±1.32),( 57. 22 ± 3.99 ), ( 59. 74 ± 2. 18 )cm3, respectively. The size differences of ablation zones caused by different types of ablation ( F = 948.9 ) ( main factor), durations ( F = 269. 3 ) and temperatures ( F =214. 6) (covariates) were statistically significant (P ＜ 0. 01 ), whereas which caused by power ( F = 0. 2 )(covariate) was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0. 05 ). (2)At gross examination, all ablation lesions were elliptical in cross section and there were three zones in NS-RFA induced lesions and five zones in HCl-RFA induced lesions. At microscopic examination of NS-RFA induced lesions, a small amount of liver cell debris were found at the edge of zone Ⅰ , a few of deformed and ruptured liver cells in zone Ⅱ. The shape of the most of the liver cells in zone Ⅲ was normal. At microscopic examination of HCl-RFA induced lesions, a small amount of liver cell debris were found at the edge of zone Ⅰ , classical coagulation necrosis in zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ, widened hepatic sinusoids lossened junction of hepatocytes and some hepatocytes detached into sinusoids in zones Ⅳ. The liver cells in zone V were normalexcept a small amount of hepatoeytes with pyknosis, karyorrhexis and karyolysis. Condusion Compared with NS-RFA, HCl-RFA can produce lager ablation zones. The duration and temperature were the factors that affected the size of ablation zone. HCl-RFA lesions typically showed coagulation necrosis at microscopical examination.

Objective To explore the relationship among the disease - syndrome - formula of type 2 diabetes.Methods Based on the clinical data of 2501 cases of type 2 diabetes, to study the relationship among the disease - syndrome - formula of type 2 diabetes by making use of association rules.Results Three formulas, Shengmai Yin (Pulse-activating Fluid), Liuwei Dihuang Decoction (Decoction of Six Herbs Including Rehmannia), and Sijunzi Decoction (Decoction of Four Noble Herbs), were selected from 122 ones to analyze the relationship between the formula and symptoms. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, dry mouth with thirst, frequent urination with increased volume of urine, numbness of limbs, blurred vision, thirst with preference of drinking water, frequent nocturnal urination, and shortness of breath with inactive talking was in high frequency in those patients who were prescribed Shengmai Yin. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, thirst with preference of drinking water, blurred vision, frequent nocturnal urination, dry mouth with thirst, numbness of limbs, shortness of breath with inactive talking, and soreness and weakness of lumbus and legs was in high frequency in those patients prescribed Liuwei Dihuang Decoction, and there existed a multi-association among these symptoms. The occurrence of fatigue with weakness, soreness and weakness of lumbus and legs, frequent nocturnal urination, shortness of breath with inactive talking, numbness of limbs, insomnia, and blurred vision was in high frequency in those patients who were prescribed Sijunzi Decoction, and there existed a multi-association among these symptoms.Conclusion The association rule can be adopted to analyze the relationship between formula and syndrome, and to explore the multi-association relationship among the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.

Objective To explore characteristics of the elements of syndrome, the disease position and the relationship between chemical indicators and TCM syndromes of type 2 diabetic encephalopathy. Methods 2 501 cases of type 2 diabetes clinical data were collected from Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongzhimen Hospital, Dongfang Hospital, etc. in nearly 3 years, among which, 342 cases were type 2 diabetic encephalopathy. The original clinical data were double entried in epidata by two people, establishment forms in excel, factor analysis and Bayesian networks were used as data mining research methods. Results 20 elements which characteristic root more than 1 were derived by factor analysis, 68.4% were covered. Of all 20 elements, five factors belong to Yin, five factors belong to blood stasis; lassitude, shortness of breath, stool frequency were appeared when fasting glucose abnormalities; lassitude, hemiplegia were appeared when 2-hour postprandial blood glucose abnormalities;lassitude, feverish palms and soles, stool frequency, more nocturnal enuresis when glycated hemoglobin abnormalities by Bayesian networks. Conclusion The Elements of the syndrome of type 2 diabetes encephalopathy were deficiency of Yin and blood stasis; and the main positions for diabetic patients were liver, spleen and kidney. Patients with impaired fasting glucose were Qi deficiency; Patients with impaired 2-hour postprandial glucose were Qi deficiency or pathogenic wind attacking collaterals; Patients with abnormal hemoglobin were Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency.

Chloroplast genome sequences have comprehensive application prospects in DNA barcoding and chloroplast engineering in traditional Chinese medicine. The complete chloroplast genome of Magnolia officinalis sequenced by high-throughput pyrosequencing and a sequencing procedure was established. Fourteen contigs were obtained after de nove assembly. The sequencing percent of coverage was 99.99%. The chloroplast genome is 160 183 bp in size, and has a typical quadripartite structure with the large (LSC, 88 210 bp) and small copy (SSC, 18 843 bp) regions separated by two copies of an inverted repeat (IRs, 26 565 bp each). chloroplast genes were successfully annotated, of which 17 genes located in each IR region. The chloroplast genome features in Magnolia officinalis are nearly identical to those from other Magnoliid chloroplast genomes. Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on 81 shared coding-genes for a total of 9 Magnolia samples of 5 closely related species. Results showed that distinguishing among species was generally straightforward at the species and population level. This study confirmed the effectiveness of our chloroplast genome sequencing procedure. The chloroplast genome can provide distinguishing differences to help identify Magnolia officinalis and its closely related plants.

Objective To assess the changing trend of serum uric acid (SUA) levles in health check-up subjects of Tianjin municipality 2007-2015.Method Data were collected from 266 043 subjects receiving annual health check-up from 2007 to 2015 in Tianjin municipality.Changing trends of SUA levels and incidence of hyperuricemia were analyzed during the 9 year period.Results From 2007 to 2015 SUA levels in males were increased from (347 ± 73) μmol/L to (373-± 78) μmol/L,while in females were increased from(253 ± 59) μmol/L to (267-± 61) μmol/L.The trend test showed that both for men and woinen the incidence of hypemricemia was increased in each year (men:x2 =270.30,women:x2 =15.10,both P =0.00).The incidence of hyperuricemia by each year was increased more markedly in men than that in women (x2 level:194.80-1 877.00,all P =0.00).The incidence of hyperuricemia in young adults (20-39) was higher than that in middle-ages (40-59),and the latter was higher than that in elderly (＞ 60).For the 7-year (2009-2015) incidence of hyperuricemia in young and middle-aged men,the trend test showed statistical siganificance (x2 level:14.11-233.90,all P =0.00).By contrast,the incidence hyperuricemia in women was increased with aging,and for the 9-year incidence of hyperuricemia in young women,the trend test showed statistical siganificance (x2 level:115.30-480.20,all P =0.00).Conclusion The incidence rates of hyperuricemia are high in Tianjin health check-up subjects,especiallly in young males and old females.There is a time trend of increasing incidence of hyperuricemia in the young and middle-aged subjects.The results indicate that the prevention and control of hyperuricemia in Tianjin are of clinical and social significance.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of warm needling therapy for chronic lumbar strain.Methods:A total of 60 patients with chronic lumbar strain who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a treatment group and a control group by the random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The treatment group was treated with warm needling therapy,while the control group was treated with ordinary acupuncture treatment.The treatments were both performed once every other day,and 7 times constituted a course of treatment.Visual analog scale (VAS) score was used to assess the degree of pain and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in VAS score between the two groups before treatment (P＞0.05).After treatment,the VAS scores of both groups decreased significantly,and the intra-group differences were statistically significant (both P＜0.05).The VAS score of the treatment group after treatment was statistically different from that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Warm needling therapy has a better curative effect than ordinary acupuncture in the treatment of chronic lumbar strain.