Great Acupuncture is a special method to treat stroke patients on the relative health side, which reflects the whole view of the traditional Chinese medicine. With more and more clinical controlled trials reported recently, the origin, development and possible mechanisms of great acupuncture are worthy discussed for providing a neoteric method to treat cerebral apoplexy. The differences of great acupuncture and contralateral collateral needling were analyzed in this paper. Indications and attentions of great acupuncture were also summarized. Through comparing between the treatment of cerebral apoplexy by the great acupuncture and related techniques of the modern neurological rehabilitation, we found that the modern rehabilitation techniques focused on promoting the activities of the injured limbs, which might be much weaker in therapeutic intensity than great acupuncture. Therefore we believed that the concept of the great acupuncture of the traditional Chinese medicine is much advanced.

Objective:To establish a glioma cell line U251 stably expressing programmed cell death 4(PDCD4)gene,and to observe the influence of exogenous PDCD4 gene on the proliferation and cell cycle of U251 cells.Methods:Recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-PDCD4 was transfected into human glioma cell line U251 by Lipofectamine 2000,and the U251 cells stably expressing PDCD4 were established by G418 selection.Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and Western blotting were employed to detect the expression of PDCD4 mRNA and protein.Furthermore,cell proliferation and colony forming ability were determined by cell counting and colony formation assay;the cell cycle was detected by FACS.Results:High expression of PDCD4 mRNA and protein was observed in U251 cells transfected with pEGFP-PDCD4,whereas no PDCD4 mRNA and protein expression was detected in the non-transfected and vector-transfected cells.Further,cells transfected with pEGFP-PDCD4 grew more slowly and had lower colony formation rate than cells of the other two control groups(P

Acute kidney injury is a clinical common disease,but it is a dangerous illness with higher o-verall mortality.Even mild renal insufficiency carries complications.Therefore,it is very important for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury,which is based on high sensitivity,strong specificity of biomarkers.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional lev-el and then affect important physiological and pathological processes. Many microRNAs are tissue or organ-speciifc which make it possible for them to become potential biomarkers. Similarly, microRNAs are important for physiological functions of kidney and they are involved in various renal disorders. The review summarizes current information about microRNA effect on various kidney diseases, in order to provide references for the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease in the future.

OBJECTIVE To explore the expression pattern of AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 in the normal middle ear in guinea pigs and its roles in the water homeostasis in the middle ear cavity.METHODS Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT- PCR),Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 in mucosa of the bullae of normal guinea pigs.RESULTS Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses revealed that mRNAs encoding AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 were expressed in middle ear membrane of the guinea pigs.AQP1,AQP4 was also detected as 28-kDa,33-kDa proteins in middle ear cavity of guinea pig.Immunohistochemical staining showed that only AQP1 located at capillary endothelial cells and fibroblasts of the submucous layer,as well as at flat and cubical epithelial cells.CONCLUSION The results suggest that AQP1,AQP4,AQP5 can express in the normal middle ear cavity of guinea pigs and may play a vital role in the water transmission in the middle ear.The air-filled middle ear cavity may result from the working of AQP1,AQP4,AQP5.

Objective To explore the effect of Jiawei Wendan decoction on whole regulating function of CaMK/MAPK signal pathway in hippocampus of depression model rats.Methods Isolated depression model rats as research object were living unpredictable chronic stress.Based on the examination of mRNA/protein expression which was the key factor of the signal pathway of CaMK/MAPK and the intersection CREB1 mRNA expression,the relationship between CaMK Ⅱ/RSK protein expression and the CREB1 mRNA expression were analyzed with relation analysis method.Results ① Bidirectional correlation analysis:the respective coefficient (r value) of CaMK Ⅱ protein expression and the CREB1mRNA expression in hippocampus of the model group,Chinese medicine treatment group and western medicine treatnent group were-0.502 (P ＜ 0.01),-0.643 (P ＜ 0.01),-0.408 (P＜ 0.05) ;the respective coefficient(r value) of RSK protein expression and the CREB1 mRNA expression in hippocampus of the model group,Chinese medicine treatment group and western medicine treatment group were 0.550 (P ＜ 0.01),0.687 (P ＜ 0.0 l),0.407 (P ＜ 0.01).②Regression analysis:the respective regression coefficient of CaMK Ⅱ protein (positive direction),RSK protein (negative direction) and CREB1 mRNA expression in the model group,Chinese nedicine treatment group and western medicine treatment group were R 2 =0.472,F =12.983(P＜0.01),R2=0.666,F=28.961(P＜0.01),R2=0.356,F=8.004(P＜0.01).Conclusion The anti-depressant effect mechanism of Jiawei Wendan decoction is to regulate the whole function of the CaMK and MAPK signal pathway and then further up-regulate CREB1 mRNA expression.

OBJECTIVE:To study the chemical constituents of the flower of Zang Epipremnum aureum. METHODS:The con-stituents of ethyl acetate extract of the flower of E. aureum were separated and purified with varied chromatographic techniques, and the structures were identified based on spectral data and chemical properties. RESULTS:Ten compounds were isolated from eth-yl acetate extract of the flower of E. aureum,they were identified as rutamontine(1),edgeworoside C(2),edgeworin(3),tiliro-side (4),helichrysoside (5),kaempferol (6),2,4-dihydroxypheny-2-hydroxy-4-metho-xybenzyl-ketone (7),ethyl caffeate (8), phthalic acid bis-(2-ethyl-hexyl) ester (9) and noreugenin (10). CONCLUSIONS:Compound 7 is firstly isolated from natural source,compounds 5,8 and 9 is firstly isolated from the family Thymelaeaceae,compound 6 is firstly isolated from Edgeworthia and compound 2 and 10 are firstly isolated from the flowers of E. aureum. The study lays certain foundation for the quality evalua-tion of E. aureum.

Objective To investigate the association of risks related to maternal factors with the subsequent development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants and to determine whether the placental inflammatory lesions were also related to the NEC.Methods This retrospective cohort study examined newborns born at ＜ 32 weeks (n =180) between July 2006 and July 2015 and their mothers at our hospital,recorded the maternal age,body mass index (BMI),multiparity situation,and the usage of prenatal steroids or antibiotics.Medical records of eligible newborns and their mothers were reviewed.Maternal blood white blood cell and differential counts were measured at admission and the placentas were examined histologically after delivery.The primary outcome measure was NEC Bell Stage Ⅱ a.Bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression were used for the statistical analyses.Results NEC was diagnosed in 14 of 180 very preterm infants (7.8％),including 11 Stage Ⅱ and 3 Stage Ⅲ infants,and the overall mortality rate of these infants was 7.1％ (n =1).Multivariate regression analysis identified maternal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR =1.07,P =0.002),muhiparity (OR =3.39,P =0.013),and birth weight (OR =0.06,P =0.01) were significantly associated with an increased risk of NEC development.Neonatal neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as measured within 24 hours of birth (P =0.65) was not associated with NEC development.Clinical chorioamnionitis (P≥0.99) and histological chorioamnionitis (P =0.46) and funisitis (P =0.21) could not be used as significant predictors of NEC.Conslusions The development of NEC in very preterm infants is associated with the maternal NLR,parity,and birth weight,not with clinical and histological chorioamnionitis and funisitis.

Objective Few researches have been reported on the gene methylation in children with steroid-sensitive nephrot-ic syndrome (SSNS) or steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS).This study aimed to investigate the possible pathogenesis and therapeutic target of SSNS and SDNS by screening differentially methylated genes ( DMGs) and bioinformatic analysis using DNA meth-ylation microarray. Methods This study included 3 hospitalized children with SSNS and another 4 with SDNS, all treated with full dose of prednisone ( 2 mg per kilogram of the body weight per day or 60 mg per m2 per day).Negative urine protein was achieved within 4 weeks in the former group , while the latter , though sensitive to hor-monal therapy , relapsed within 2 weeks after drug withdrawal or dose reduction .DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of the patients in both groups for screening DMGs and bioinformatic analysis using DNA methylation microarray . Results Compared with the patients with SSNS, 318 DMGs were found in the SDNS group , among which 193 were hypermethylated and the other 125 hypomethylated .These abnormal genes were mainly located in the open reading frame of DNA and the CpG island region .DMGs were mainly involved in Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity , nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator activity , GTPase activator activity , and other molecular functions .The biological processes were chiefly associ-ated with the regulation of the generation of precursor metabolites and energy , antigen processing and presentation , regulation of Rho and Ras protein signal transduction , lamellipodium assembly , regeneration , and other biological processes .The cell composition was mainly related to MHC protein complexes , perichromatin fibrils , and the MHC class I protein complex .Analysis of the KEGG signaling pathway showed that DMGs participated in 9 signaling pathways , involving type I diabetes , starch and sucrose metabolism , allograft re-jection, autoimmune thyroid disease , and others. Conclusion The heterogeneity of methylation is widespread in children with SDNS and may be one of the causes of steroid dependence , which has provided a basis for searching for potential therapeutic targets .

microRNAs play an important regulative role in body's growth and development,and the development of the disease process.Much microRNAs can maintain normal kidney function and regulate kidney pathological process,the miR-30a has extensive effect on kidney development and progression of renal diseases.In this review,a brief overview on the role of miR-30a in renal pathology is presented.