Objective To analyze the morphologic characteristics of the single infarct in the territory of perforating arteries which arise from the middle cerebral artery (MCA),and further to investigate the association between the type of cerebral infarction and the isolated stenotic disease of the ipsilateral MCA.Methods Fifty-five patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to the Department of Neurology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Beijing,China during January 1,2005 and December 31,2006 were identified.All of the patients had a single acute infarction in the territory of the MCA perforating arteries revealed on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) were performed for all patients.Patients with stenesis >50% of proximal internal carotid artery and potential cardiac sources of embolism were excluded from the study.Patients were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of the atberosclerotic stenosis of the ipsilateral MCA: patients with or without MCA stenosis.Size of the lesions was measured including the diameter,area and volume.The infarcts with a diameter less than 2 cm were classified as lacunar infarcts; those bigger than 2 cm were classified as the striatocapsular infarcts.The infarcts on DWI was seen in basal ganglia,the body of lateral ventricle and beth.The concomitance of subcortical multiple small old infarcts or leucoariosis on T2>WI-MRI between the two groups was assessed.Results Among these 55 patients,14 (25.5%) had stenosis of the ipsilateral MCA and 41 (74.5%) had a normal MCA.In the group of MCA stenosis,71.4% patients were lacunar infarcts; 67.3% patients were also lacunar infarcts in the normal MCA group.There was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2=0.147,P=0.701).No significant difference in the diameter,area and vo|ume of the infarcts was found between the two groups.The basal ganglia,the body of lateral ventricle and both of these places involvement accounted for 31.7% ,17.1%,51.2% in the normal MCA group; 35.7%,28.6%,35.7% in the stenotic MCA group.No significant difference was found (χ2=1.272,P=0.529).Twenty-three (56.1%) patients had concomitant of small old subcortical multiple infarcts or leucoariosis in the normal MCA group and 3 (21.4%) in the MCA stenosis group,and there was a significant difference between the two groups(χ2=5.033,P=0.025).Conclusions A series of pathologic mechanisms are supposed to cause the single infarction in the territory of MCA perforating arteries.Stenosis of MCA is an underlying cause in addition to perforating artery diseases.There is no significant difference in the size,volume or distribution of the lesions between the two groups.The concomitant of subcortical multiple small old infarcts or leucoariosis may demonstrate the perforating artery disease.

OBJECTIVETo invesitigate the clinical effects of percutaneous closed reduction and cannulated screw internal fixation combined with external fixation in the treatment of unstable pelvic fractures.

METHODSFrom April 2006 to May 2009,29 patients with pelvic fractures of rotatory instability were treated with closed reduction and screw internal fixation combined with external fixation. There were 19 males and 10 females with an average age of 31 years old (ranged from 19 to 53 years). Based on the Tile classification,17 cases were type CI and 12 case were type C2. Tornetta standard and Majeed score were used to evaluated the clinical effect after operation.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 10 to 24 months with an average of 16 months. There were no nerve injuries and other organ injuries, only one case of infection was found and it was cured with wound dressing. Time of fracture union was from 14 to 18 weeks with the mean of 16.2 weeks. No loosening, slippage or breakage of the screw were found. According to the Tornetta standards,14 cases obtained excellent results, 10 good, 4 fair and 1 poor. The Majeed score was 87.2 ± 11.3, 16 cases got excellent results, 9 good and 4 fair.

CONCLUSIONClosed reduction and screw internal fixation combined with external fixation is an effective way to treat unstable pelvic fractures with Tile type C1 and Tile type C2.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; External Fixators ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pelvic Bones ; injuries ; surgery

Objective To investigate the effects of SAHA on the differentiation of human hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)SMMC-7721 cells.Methods Cell morphology was examined by light microscopy;Cell viability was determined by MTT assay;The expression of Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)was analyzed with immunocytochemistry;Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to investigate the cell cycle;The expression of p21 WAF1 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR.Results Light microscopy showed that SMMC-7721 cells induced by SAHA underwent restorational alterations in morphology which were different from those of nontreated cells but were similar to those of normal cells;MTT assay showed that SAHA inhibited the proliferation of SMMC-7721 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent way;Immunocytochemistry assay showed that the expression of AFP and PCNA decreased significantly;FCM analysis showed SAHA could arrest SMMC-7721 cells at G0/G1 phase,with an accumulation of the cells at G0/G1 phase while a decrease of cells at S phase;Semi-quantitative RT-PCR detection revealed that the expression of p21 WAF1mRNA was upregulated remarkably in the cells treated with SAHA.Conclusion SAHA could induce differentiation of human HCC SMMC-7721 cells inhibiting enzymatic activity of HDAC,upregulating the expression of p21 WAFlmRNA as well as causing arrest of HCC cells at G0/G1 phase.

Objective To established cardiac-specific transgenic mice of the cTnC D145E and cTnCG159D and compare the HCM and the DCM.Methods The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and the transgenic plasmids were constructed by insertion of the mutant genes under the control of α-MHC, which is a myocardium specific promoter.The transgenic mice were generated by microinjection and were all maintained on a C57BL/6J genetic backgroud .The cardiac structure and function of the transgenic mice were compared and analysized by echocardiographic and pathological observation at different ages .Results The cTnCD145E and cTnCG159D transgenic mice were established and developed to HCM and DCM, respectively, with aging.The left ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume ( EDV) decreased and ejection fraction ( EF) and left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness (ESPWT) increased in the cTnCD145E transgenic mice, while EDV and ESV increased and EF and ESPWT decreased in the cTnCG159D transgenic mice at 12 months of age.Conclusions Cardiac-specific human cTnCD145E transgenic mice showed HCM phenotypes , and cardiac-specific human cTnC G159D transgenic mice showed DCM phenotypes , which can be used as different models for comparative study of the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy .

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety ofYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine to reduce the acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods Totally 108 patients in the stationary phase of COPD with qi deficiency or merging phlegm blockage/blood stasis syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Patients in the control group were treated with carbocisteine and inhaled bronchodilators on-demand, while patients in the treatment group were treated withYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine and bronchodilators for 24 weeks. Times and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD, TCM syndrome scores, lung function, and 6-minute walking distances of the two groups during the treatment period were observed.Results The average times of acute exacerbations of COPD in the treatment group (0.33 ± 0.55) were fewer than the control group (0.62 ± 0.71);the average times of severe acute exacerbations of COPD in the treatment group (0.12 ± 0.33) were fewer than the control group (0.28 ± 0.45), with statistical significance (P<0.05). Comparison between the TCM syndrome scores before and after treatment, TCM total syndrome scores, breathless/dyspnea score, breath shortness and fatigue score, and 6-minute walking distance in the treatment group were better than the control group (P<0.05), with better safety.Conclusion The treatment ofYiqi Huatan Granules combined with carbocisteine for COPD patients can effectively decrease times and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD, and improve TCM syndrome scores and 6-minute walking distance.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the inhibitory effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on E coliinduced prostatitis in rats.

METHODSBMSCs were isolated, cultured and amplified by the attached choice method. Fifty SD rats were randomized into five groups of equal number: normal control, acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) , chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP), ABP + BMSCs, and CBP + BMSCs, and the animals in the latter four groups were injected with E. coli into both sides of the prostate under ultrasound guidance for 1 - 14 days to induce ABP and for 4 - 12 weeks to induce CBP. The control rats were injected with the same amount of PBS. Two weeks after injection of BMSCs into the prostates, pathomorphological changes in the prostate were observed under the light microscope and the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β and TNF-α determined by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, followed by statistical analysis with SPSS 18.0.

RESULTSHistopathological evaluation showed typical pathological inflammatory changes in the prostates of the rats in the ABP and CBP groups, including glandular structural changes, interstitial edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, and fibrous hyperplasia, which were all remarkably relieved after treated with BMSCs. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-β ([0.829 ± 0.121] and [271.75 ± 90.59] pg/ml) and TNF-α ([0.913 ± 0. 094] and [105.78 ± 19. 05] pg/ml) in the ABP and those of IL-1β ([0. 975 ± 0. 114] and [265. 31 ± 71. 34] pg/ml) and TNF-α ([0. 886 ± 0. 084] and [107. 45 ± 26. 11 ] pg/ml) in the CBP groups were significantly higher than those in the control rats ([0. 342 ± 0.087] and [45.76 17. 99] pg/ml, P <0. 05); ([0.247 ± 0.054] and ([19.42 ± 7. 75] pg/ml, P <0. 01) as well as than those in the ABP + BMSCs ([0. 433 ± 0. 072] and [51. 34 ± 22. 13] pg/ml, P < 0. 05 ) ; ( [0. 313 ± 0. 076] and [28. 38 ± 8. 78] pg/ml, P < 0. 01) and the CBP + BMSCs group ([0.396 ± 0.064] and [56.37 ± 21.22] pg/ml, P <0.05); ([0.417 ± 0.068] and [29.21 ± 10.22] pg/ml, P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONInjection of BMSCs can reduce E coli-induced prostatic inflammation reaction, which.may be associated with its reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α in the prostate tissue.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; physiology ; Chronic Disease ; Escherichia coli Infections ; therapy ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; physiology ; Prostate ; metabolism ; Prostatitis ; metabolism ; microbiology ; therapy ; RNA, Messenger ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the expression of Survivin and it's relationship with the expression of Bcl-2 in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP).Method:Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of Survivin and Bcl-2 in 30 cases of SNIP,10 cases of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and 10 cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Result:Survivin was expressed in 22 of 30(73.3%)cases of SNIP,8 of 10(80.0%)cases of SCC and not expressed in 10(0%)cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Expression of Survivin was significantly higher in SNIP and SCC than in normal tissues.Bcl-2 was expressed in 9 of 10(90.0%)cases of SCC and 2 of 10(20.0%)cases of normal inferior concha tissues.Expression of Bcl-2 was significantly higher in SCC than in normal tissues.Bcl-2 was expressed in 14 of 30(46.7%)cases of SNIP,higher than normal tissues.Expression of Bcl-2 was positively related to expression of Survivin.Conclusion:Survivin may play an important role in the pathway of progression of SNIP and SCC.It may be identified as a new therapeutic target.Bcl-2 may play a synergic role with Survivin in progression of SNIP.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for determination of related substances of dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride and their content .Methods The HPLC method was used on an Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column with a mo-bile phase of methanol-0.2%triethyl citrate in 25 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate ( pH was adjusted to 3.5 with phosphoric acid) (35∶65) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 209 nm and column temperature was 40℃.Results Under the selected chromatographic condition , dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride was completely separated from impurity.The limit of detection was 81.12 ng/ml.The calibration curve was linear in the range of 2-30 μg/ml ( r=0.9995).The average recovery of the method was 100.83%, and the stability of the working solution was acceptable in 12 h(RSD=0.10%).Conclusion This method is simple,specific,accurate and suitable for analyzing the related substances and their content in dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride .

This study was aimed to provide a reference for the development, registration, and clinical use of hospital traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations, in order to analyze and assess their safety and risk. It also provided a reference for the technical review and supervision of hospital TCM preparations. Through collecting review materials of hospital TCM preparations from 2012 to 2014 in the Sichuan Food and Drug Administration, 21 preparations developed by clinical experiences were screened out. Analysis was made on their ingredients, preparation process and acute toxicity data. The results showed that 98 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines were contained in 21 preparations. The dosages of herbs were in compliance with theChina Pharmacopoeia2010 Edition. Preparation processes of 16 preparations were made by water extraction, grinding and other traditional techniques. The preparation processes of the remaining 5 preparations were involved with alcohol extraction or alcohol precipitation. Acute toxicity test data were obtained with experimental data in mice. Clinical usages of preparation were much lower than MTD or LD50. It was concluded that these hospital TCM preparations developed by clinical experiences were with high safety.

Objective To investigate which methods can promote the serum microRNA extract production.Methods The sera of healthy persons were treated with 10％ SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and/or sonication at first,then extracted miRNA by routine Trizol method,or the serum miRNA was just extracted by routine Trizol method.The contents of serum miRNA-218 and miRNA-346 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) technique,and qRT-PCR relative quantities among different groups were compared to evaluate influence of different methods on microRNA extract efficacy.Results Compared to routine Trizol extraction method,the qRT-PCR relative quantities of miRNA-218 and miRNA-346 were improved when serum was treated with 10％ SDS and/or sonication at first (P ＜0.05),which was most obviously improved when treated with 10％ SDS combined with sonieation.Conclusions The method that serum was treated with SDS incubation and sonication at first can promote sensitivity of serum microRNA detection.