Animals ; Area Postrema ; physiology ; Blood Pressure ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrocardiography ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Peroneal Nerve ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

A method was developed for the determination of four sulfa antibiotics in groundwater, soil and excreta using solid phase micro extraction disks coupled with high performance liquid chromatography. The influence of eluent, different solid phase micro extraction membranes on the recovery of sulfa antibiotics in groundwater was investigated and it was found that when using the mixture of methyl alcohol and 1 . 0% formic acid as eluent, HLB ( divinyl benzene-N-vinyl pyrrolidone polymer ) as extraction membranes, an optimal enrichment effect was obtained. Different pretreatment methods for the 3 kinds of samples abovementioned were also examined. It was found that the signal response values obtained by using mixture of methyl alcohol and 1 . 0% formic acid as base solution of standard or sample solution was higher 8-10 times than that by using methyl alcohol only. Under the optimal conditions, good linear relationships were obtained in the sulfa antibiotics concentrations of 0 . 005-10 . 0 mg/L with the correlation coefficients>0 . 9999;The detection limits of sulfathiazole ( ST ) , sulfadiazine ( SM ) , sulfamethazine ( SM2 ) , sulfamethoxazole ( SMX ) were 1 . 08 , 3. 56, 4. 63 and 1. 84 ng/L(S/N=3), respectively. The enrichment factors for four sulfa antibiotics were 4000 times with solid phase micro extraction disks. The RSD of matrix spiked samples were 0. 1%-0. 4%(n=7). The proposed method was applied to the determination of the four sulfa antibiotics in groundwater, soil and excreta with spiked recoveries of the four sulfa antibiotics in the range of 69 . 80%-117 . 60%.

OBJECTIVETo explore the mechanism of prevention and treatment of post-PTCA restenosis with Xinmaitong (XMT).

METHODSRabbit carotid endothelial injury model was established using Fishman air drying method. Effect of XMT on model rabbits wild-type p53 gene expression was observed by tissue in situ hybridization.

RESULTSp53 gene expression appeared on the 3 days after operation, enhanced on the 7 days, reached the peak on the 14th day, weakened on the 21th, and still showed on the 28th day. The strongest expression was shown in rabbits treated by XMT, second in those treated by Warfarin, and the weakest in the operated control group.

CONCLUSIONXMT could promote the high expression of wild-type p53 gene expression in rabbit with carotid endothelial injury, which is possibly one of the important mechanism of XMT in preventing and treating arterial restenosis.

Animals ; Carotid Arteries ; pathology ; Coronary Restenosis ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Endothelium, Vascular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Phytotherapy ; Rabbits ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; biosynthesis ; genetics

Objective To explore the status quo and the correlation of professional practice environment and job burnout in head nurses. Methods Totally 646 head nurses from city state hospitals of Hunan Province was selected by cluster sampling method. Participants were investigated by using the Chinese Version of Profession Practice Environment Scale for Head Nurses and Maslach Burnout Inventory. Results The professional environment score was 215.95±22.81, which was in the moderate level. The score of emotional exhaustion (EE) in head nurses was 24.56 ± 10.64, depersonalization (DP) was 8.92 ± 4.17 and personal accomplishment (PA) was 35.55±13.08, all stating moderate burnout. Meanwhile, the scores of EE and DP were negatively correlated with professional practice environment (r=-0.350--0.161, P≤0.01), while the PA was positively correlated with professional practice environment (r=0.078- 0.271, P≤0.01). Conclusions Professional practice environment in head nurses is correlated with job burnout. Hospital leaders should pay more attention to head nurses′professional practice environment to decrease job burnout in head nurses.

ObjectiveTo analyze the development mechanism and investigate the more effective therapeutic method of the multiple system organs failure (MSOF) after severe craniocerebral injury.MethodsThe clinical data of 21 MSOF cases after severe craniocerebral injury was analyzed retrospectively.ResultsOf all 21 cases, 2 cured, 7 mended and 12 died with death rate 57% and deformity rate 33.3%.ConclusionTo severe craniocerebral injury, comprehensive, timely and effective therapeutic method is the key to reduce the occurrence of MSOF and the rate of death and deformity.

BACKGROUND:Prolonged therapy with lamivudine has been associated with tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate mutation, which results in hepatitis B recurrence. Recently, antiviral agents, such as entecavir, have high efficacy and low resistance rate in hepatitis B-related liver disease. However, the researches on the effect of entecavir in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation are rare. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of entecavir combined with low-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing hepatitis B recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS:The fol ow-up data of 253 patients who had liver transplantation for hepatitis B virus related liver disease were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients received nucleoside analogues therapy formal y before liver transplantation. The effects of entecavir+hepatitis B immunoglobulin and lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin were compared in al the patients and the patents with hepatitis B recurrence risk factors (positive preoperative HBeAg, DNA-positive hepatitis B virus, hepatoma and tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate mutation). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 253 patients received hepatitis B virus-related liver transplantation, and 29 patients died. There were 202 patients in lamivudine group in which 26 patients were dead and 16 patients had hepatitis B virus recurrence, and the recurrence rate was 7.92%(16/202). However, entecavir group had 51 patients without hepatitis B virus recurrence in which three patients were dead. There were significant differences in the mortality rate and recurrence rate between two groups. Compared with the lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin, entecavir+hepatitis B immunoglobulin could effectively reduce the recurrence rate of the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors. Hepatitis B immunoglobulin was terminated and nucleoside analogues were modulated when recurrence appeared. Al patients hepatitis B virus DNA were control ed less than 500 IU/mL and liver function returned to normal level. Log-rank test showed that there was no significant difference in the long-term survival rate after timely treatment of hepatitis B virus recurrence. With the prevention of nucleoside analogues combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin therapy, timely treatment of hepatitis B recurrence has little influence on the prognosis. Entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can effectively prevent the hepatitis B recurrence. For the patients with hepatitis B virus-related risk factors, entecavir combined with hepatitis B immunoglobulin can better reduce the recurrence rate of hepatitis B than lamivudine+hepatitis B immunoglobulin after liver transplantation.

AIMTo investigate the cardiovascular response caused by intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and explore the underlying mechanism.

METHODSMale Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal urethane( 1.2 g/ kg). The changes of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were observed during ICV microinjection of IL-2 with or without pretreatment of naloxone or atropine or phentolamine.

RESULTSThere were no significant effects on cardiovascular response after ICV injection of IL-2 at 500 IU/3 microl and 1 000 IU/3 microl, but IL-2 at 1 500 IU/3 microl could elevate MAP and HR. The responses of MAP and HR reached their maximum levels at 10 min (MAP: 10 +/- 1.8 mmHg, HR: 25 +/- 2 b/min, P < 0.05) after the injection and lasted 15 or 10 minutes respectively. Pretreatment with naloxone (10 microg/10 microl) or atropine (1.5 microg/10 microl) could block the cardiovascular response of ICV injection of IL-2. Pretreatment with phentolamine (10 microg/10 microl) failed to block the cardiovascular responses by IL-2.

CONCLUSIONICV microinjection of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can elevate the MAP and HR, which may be mediated by central opioid and cholinergic system. The alpha-adrenergic system may be not involved in the cardiovascular response of IL-2.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Injections, Intraventricular ; Interleukin-2 ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Male ; Microinjections ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Seventy-three patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were divided into atheroselerosis(AS) group and non-AS group according to the intima-media thickness(IMT)of the carotid artery.The plasma visfatin level in AS group was higher than that in non-As group[(44.95±10.14 vs 34.52±9.08)μg/L,P<0.05],and both of them were higher than that of the control [(24.46±7.18)μg/L,both P<0.05 ].The visfatin level Was positively correlated with IMT,waist-to-hip ratio,visceral fat thickness,fasting insulin,and HOMA insulin resistance index.Age,duration of diabetes,HbA_(1C),and visfatin level were the major risk factors for IMT of the carotid artery.

BACKGROUNDAt present, it has been known that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a crucial role in invasion, development and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In order to explore whether the expression of COX-2 inhibits the occurrence and development of NSCLC, antisense vector of human COX-2 gene is transfected into COX-2 highly expressing NSCLC cell line H1299 and its effects on proliferation and sensitivity to cisplatin of H1299 are analysed.

METHODSH1299 cells were transfected with antisense vector of human COX-2 gene using LipoVecTM transfecting technique. Transfected cells were selected with Geneticin (G418). The COX-2 mRNA level was examined by using reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The COX-2 protein level was examined by Western Blot. The proliferative status and sensitivity to cisplatin of cells was measured by methabenzthiazuron (MTT) assay.

RESULTSRT-PCR showed a lower COX-2 mRNA level in transfected cells. The level of COX-2 protein was decreased apparently. The proliferative index of the transfected cells decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The IC50 value of cisplatin decreased remarkably in transfected cells (1.8mg/l) compared with that in H1299 cells without transfection (3.8mg/l) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSTransfection with antisense vector of human COX-2 gene can not only inhibit the proliferation of H1299 cells, but also increase the sensitivity to cisplatin of H1299 cells.

Objective This paper aims at establishing a inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) method for quantification and evaluation of iodine in human urine and serum in routine clinical laboratory .Methods This study was methodology validation research on iodine evaluation using ICP-MS.Ammonia, isopropanol and ultrapure water were mixed at certain ratio to dilute samples in the ratio of 1:10, and then the diluted samples were analyzed by ICP -MS.Re was used as the internal standard.And linearity, lower limit of detection, recovery, precision, accuracy, carryover and stability was evaluated thoroughly .Results of iodine of pregnant women who required iodine tests were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the status of iodine .Results The method only needs 30s for analysis of one sample .It was sensitive with a lower limit detection of 0.87μg/L, the correlation coefficient was higher than 0.999 9 in ten measurements.The recovery in both serum and urine was approximately 100% (95.3% -109.9%). Based on the NIST standard reference material 3668 comparison, the bias was less than 4%( -0.9% -3.9%).The inter-coefficient variation (CV) for serum iodine and urine iodine was 1.2%-3.0%, 2. 0%-2.9%, respectively;and total CV for serum iodine and urine iodine were 3.0%-3.8%, 4.1%-4.9%, respectively.The mean carryover of this method was 0.03% and iodine was stable for at least one month at -20℃ and 4℃.The urine and serum iodine for pregnant women was (154.8 ±89.7) μg/L (mean ±SD),(75.8 ±21.4) μg/L, respectively.The correlation between urine and serum iodine was 0.21. Conclusion Establishe a rapid and simple ICP -MS method for urine and serum iodine measurement with high accurate and precise in routine clinical laboratory .