Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)adriamycin magnetic nanoparticles(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4)on liver VX2 tumor in rabbits via transcatheter arterial chemoembolization.Methods VX2 tumor pieces were successfully implanted into liver lobes of rabbits with liver tumors formation.All the animals were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8 each.Group A(control group)injected with 10 ml physiologic saline,Group B(ADM group)treated with free adriamycin (1 mg/kg)via arterial infusion,Group C(ADM-PNIPAM group)ADM-PNIPAM(1.5 mg/kg)was infused through arterial route,Group D(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4+M group)ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4(2 mg/kg)was infused through arterial route;all were in individual doses,respectively;meanwhile an persistant magnet with intensity of 0.4 T was stabilized at the tumor region.Spiral CT scans were performed to measure size of liver tumors and evaluate lung metastasis at 1 day before operation and 14 days after operation.All experimental animals were sacrficed on the 15th days after operation and followed by pathologic and histologic examination of the tumor and lung specimens including changes befor and after the operation with correlative comparisons.Results There were no significant difference in volumes of tumors among 4 groups at 1 day before operation.The average tumor volume in the group A was(23.87?7.02)cm~3 at 14 days after operation;(7.70?1.53)cm3 in group B;(4.29?0.25)cm~3 in group C;(2.05?0.18)cm~3 in group D. The average tumor volumes in the group B,group C and group D were significantly smaller than that in the control group A at same time after operation and there was significant difference among the three experimental groups.According to the order of tumor sizes from small to large was as follows:group D＜group C＜group B＜group A.It showed that the average size of group D(ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4+M group) was the smallest among the 4 groups.Lung metastatic rates were 100%,66.7%,37.5% and 12.5% in group A,group B,group C and group D at 14 days after operation,respectively.Lung metastatic rates of group D was lower than that of group A,but there were no significant differences among group A,B and C.But pathological examination showed that there were lesser number of lung metastatic tumors in group B and C than that of group A .The intratumoral necrotic degrees showed as group D＞group C＞group B＞group A. Conclusions ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4 treatment for liver tumor via vascular interventional method combined with magnetic field localized in the lesion possesses significant inhibitory effect on tumor growth of liver VX2 tumor in rabbits.ADM-PNIPAM-Fe_3O_4 is thus initially confirmed as a kind of effective praeputium in interventional chemoembolization.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular deployment of metallic Z-type self- expandable stents in treating the patients with inferior vena eava(IVC)obstruction caused by hepatic malignant tumour.Methods One hundred and fifty six patients with IVC obstruction due to malignant compression were enrolled.Venography was performed via femoral vein before and after metallic Z-type self-expandable stent deployment across the stenotic segment of IVC.The diameter of stenotic segment,collateral vessels,venous pressures and the scores of patients IVC syndrome were compared before and after stent placement.Results One hundred and seventy nine stents were implanted in 156 patients successfully.The average obstructive length of IVC was(6.1?2.2)cm.The pressure gradient of stenotie segments of IVC declined from(2.1?0.5)kPa to (0.5?0.11)kPa.The diameters of stenotic segment of IVC increased from(0.33?0.11 )cm to(1.6?0.4) cm.After operations,the main clinical symptoms and physical signs relieved quickly.During 2～24 month follow-up,the pateney of IVC stents reached 86.7%.Conclusion Endovascular deployment of metallic Z-type self-expandable stent is an effective palliative treatment for patients with malignant obstruction of IVC.

Objective To research the change of the portal venous pressure after the stents implanted into portal vein in HCC.Methods Twelve HCC patients receiving portal venous stem embolization were included in this study.The portal venous pressures were recorded before varices embolized(P1),after embolized(P2)and after stents implanted(P3),respectively.Four groups were formed according to the pressures within portal vein stem(PV),portal vein branch without tumor invasion(PVB),splenic vein(SV) and superior mesenteric vein(SMV).Results In PV group,P1 was(45:17?2.25)cm H20,and P2 was (48.33?2.20)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(39.33?2.44)em H_2O,thus P＜0.05 in comparing with P2.for PVB group,P1 was(38.08?2.97)cm H_2O,and P2 was(38.83?2.94)cm H_2O,P＞0.05,P3 was(37.41?2.37)cm H_2O,comparing with P2,P＞0.05.In SV group,P1 was(44.67?2.13)cm H_2O,and P2 was(48.17?2.20)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(41.67?2.20)cm H_2O,comparing with P2,P＜0.05.Finally,the SMV group,P1 was(45.25?2.21 )cm H_2O,P2 was(48.42?2.19)cm H_2O,P＜0.05,P3 was(41.25?2.24)cm H_2O, in comparison with P2,P＜0.05.Conclusions In portal vein stem embolization,portal venous pressure would be higher after varices embolized,but lower after stents placement.

Objective To analyze the key factors on long-term effect for comprehensive interventional therapy of primary liver cancer.Methods The clinical data,therapeutic protocols and follow-up of 56 patients with primary liver cancer survived for more than 5 years after comprehensive interventional therapy were analyzed retrospectively.Results Before TACE,20 patients were in clinical stageⅠ,35 were in stageⅡand one was in stageⅢ,including hepatic function of grade A(36 cases),grade B(20 cases),and grade C (0 case).The tumor patterns were consisted of mononodular type(32 cases),multinodular type(24 cases),and diffuse type(0 cases).The diameter of tumor demonstrated less than 3 cm(10 cases),3-5 cm(20 cases), 5-10 cm(19 cases)and more than 10 cm(7 cases).Thirty-three cases(58.9%)were treated by only TACE for the original lesions,while 23 cases(41.1%)were treated by TACE combined other treatment including TACE combined PEt(11 cases),TACE combined RFA(4 eases),TACE combined radiotherapy(one case),and TACE combinedⅡ-staged resection(7 cases).During follow-up,24 patients with hepatic recurrence and 17 cases of distal metastasis were treated by TACE and other anti-tumor treatment.Complications after interventional therapy in 20 cases were also treated.All cases survived for more than 5 years after interventional therapy including 3 more than 10 years.Conclusions Tumor factors,liver function, standardized TACE,combination of TACE with other anti-tumor therapy,treatment of hepatic recurrence and distal metastasis and complications are the key points to improve the long-term survival rate for primary liver cancer treated by comprehensive interventional therapy.

HMGB1's role in tumors is complex and diverse,and it exerts its biological function by combining with different receptors.One of the receptors is called RAGE,which is localized to the cell membrane and binds to HMGB1 released outside the cell.The HMGB1/RAGE axis promotes tumor development,moreover,tumor development and its drug resistance are closely related to inflammation.This article mainly reviews the molecular mechanism of HMGB1/RAGE axis in pro-inflammatory and protumor effects in pancreatic,colorectal and liver cancers.We also summarize the research progress of papaverine and its derivatives for the treatment of HMGB1/RAGE axis in tumor inflammation,with aims of providing new ideas for exploring the molecular mechanism of action in tumor inflammation,and providing a new theoretical basis for the research of HMGB1/RAGE axis therapeutics.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting survivin on adhesion and invasion of human colon carcinoma cell line SW480 in vitro.

METHODSAccording to the sequence of the coding region of survivin gene, two strings of 19 nucleotides of inverted sequence flanking the loop sequence of two complementary 9-base oligonucleotides were designed and synthesized to prepare the hairpin construct as the DNA templates for the target shRNA. The shRNA templates were cloned into shRNA expression vector pRNAT-U6.1/Neo, and the resulted vector pRNAT-U6.1/Neo-survivin was transfected into SW480 cells using Lipofectamine 2000. Western blotting was performed to evaluate survivin gene silencing induced by shRNA transfection at the protein level, and the biological behaviors of the SW480 cells were investigated by cell-matrix adhesion, invasion and gelatin-zymography assays.

RESULTSWestern blotting revealed significantly lowered survivin protein expression in transfected SW480 cells, and survivin gene silencing induced by shRNA significantly suppressed the metastatic potential of SW480 cells in association with suppressed MMPs activity.

CONCLUSIONSSurvivin may play an important role in modulating human colorectal carcinoma cell invasion and metastasis, and survivin gene silencing can inhibit human colorectal cancer cell invasion and the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Survivin may affect invasion and metastasis of human colorectal carcinoma cells via regulating the production of MMPs.

Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Colonic Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Silencing ; Humans ; Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins ; Inverted Repeat Sequences ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; secretion ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; deficiency ; genetics ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics

Objective To summarize the interventional management for early hepatic arterial thrombosis(HAT)after liver transplantation.Methods 32 patients suspected of HAT or HAS after liver transplantation in 502 cases from April 2001 to September 2006 were done hepatic arterial angiography.Among them,20 patients were confirmed as HAT immediately through hepatic arterial angiography,and were further treated by transarterial thrombolysis,pereutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA)and stent-graft placement. Results HAT was identified in 20 patients(3.98%),occurring in the median 4.5 days(2～19 days)after liver transplantation.The sites of all the thrombosis were found at the anastomotic point of the hepatic artery.5 cases were treated by PTA and 3 cases by stent placement during the transarterial thrombolysis.Coil and stent-graft were used in 2 cases with hepatic arterial anastomostic hemorrhage.Hepatic arterial recanalization was obtained in 20 cases.The period of thrombolysis was 2.5 clays(2-11 days).Conclusions Continuous infusion of urokinase through hepatic artery with catheter,PTA and stent placement are effective modalities for hepatic arterial thrombosis after liver transplantation.(J Intervent Radiol,2007,16:799-802)

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical efficiency of metallic stent implantation in combination with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus.

METHODS22 cases of HCC patients with portal vein tumor thrombus were devided into 2 groups: 10 patients (group A) recieved stent implantation in combination with conformal radiation therapy, 12 patients (group B) recieved stent implantation and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The adverse reactions, and liver function before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months and the survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months were followed up. Comparison of liver function was analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Comparison of stent patency rate curves and survival curves was analyzed by Log rank test.

RESULTSThe portal vein catheterization was successful in all the patients. The stents were successfully implanted by transhepatic portal vein approach, and portal vein stenosis was re-opened. There was no abdominal hemorrhage in all the patients, but there were symptoms of abdominalgia, fever, nausea, vomiting and flatulence of varying degrees after interventional operation, and these symptoms were relieved by symptomatic treatment in one week. All patients in group A completed the treatment. I-II degree gastrointestinal tract reactions occurred in 3 cases, I-II degree myelosuppression occurred in 2 cases, and they were all completely relieved after treatment. The stent patency rate at 4, 6 and 12 months was 90%, 70%, 30% in group A; and 50%, 25% , 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05). The survival rate at 3, 6 and 12 months was 100%, 80% , 30% in group A and 91.7%, 41.7%, 16.7% in group B (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONStent implantation combined with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy is a good treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma with portal vein tumor thrombus and causes less damage to liver.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Male ; Metals ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Portal Vein ; pathology ; Radiography ; Radiotherapy, Conformal ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Retrospective Studies ; Stents ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome ; Venous Thrombosis ; diagnostic imaging ; etiology ; therapy

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of methylation inhibitor 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dc) and docetaxel (DT), alone or in combination, on the proliferation, migration, apoptosis and cell cycles of the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, and to investigate the possible mechanisms of these two drugs acting on prostate cancer in vitro.

METHODSFour groups were designed in this experiment: control, 5-aza-2dc, DT, and 5-aza-2dc + DT. The inhibitory effect of 5-aza-2dc and/or DT on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells was detected by MTT, wound healing assay and cell migration assay, respectively. The apoptosis of the PC3 cells and its relationship with cell cycles were determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI assay and flow cytometry.

RESULTS5-aza-2dc and/or DT significantly increased the inhibition rate of the PC3 cells, decreased their migration distance and reduced the number of the cells that invaded the lower chamber, most significantly in the 5-aza-2dc + DT group (P < 0.05). The cell apoptosis rates of the control, 5-aza-2dc, DT and 5-aza-2dc + DT groups were (10.65 +/- 0.39)%, (16.60 +/- 0.67)%, (17.95 +/- 1.08)% and (22.98 +/- 1.18)%, respectively, with the most significant increase in the combination group (P < 0.05). Combined medication of 5-aza-2dc and DT remarkably reduced the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase, and increased that in the G2/M phase (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION5-aza-2dc and DT, either alone or in combination, can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of PC3 cells in vitro, as well as induce their apoptosis and arrest their cell cycles in the G2/M phase, with even more significant effect when used in combination than applied alone.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Humans ; Male ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the features of blood supply and results of transarterial infusion and embolization in spinal metastases.

METHODSForty-one patients with spinal metastasis received transarterial infusion and embolization between March 2001 and June 2008. The inclusion criteria were: The metastatic lesion caused back pain; The metastatic lesion involved vertebra at or below T3 level. There were 29 males and 12 females with a mean age of 56.0 (33 - 71) years. Epirubicin was used as the chemotherapeutic agent. Lipoid Ultra-Fluid, Contour SE or gelfoam particles were used as embolitic material.

RESULTSThe technical success of therapy was achieved in 52 vertebrae (100%) including 14 thoracic, 35 lumbar and 3 sacral vertebrae. 105 arteries were used for infusion and embolization (16 intercostal arteries, 78 lumbar arteries, 4 iliolumbar arteries, 4 branches of iliac arteries, and 3 median sacral arteries). Lipoid Ultra-Fluid (2 - 8 ml) was used in 15, Contour SE (300 approximately 500 microm, 20 - 100 mg) in 20, and gelfoam particles in 33 arteries. Three days after treatment, complete pain relief (CR) was achieved in 17 patients, partial pain relief (PR) in 20, and moderate pain relief (MR) in 4, with an effective rate of 90.2%. Two weeks after treatment, CR was achieved in 17 patients, PR in 21, and MR in 3, with an effective rate of 92.7%. No adverse nervous system effect occurred. 16 patients developed swelling and pain of normal tissues which were alleviated after symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONTransarterial infusion and embolization is an effective therapy in relieving pain resulting from spinal metastases.

Adult ; Aged ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; Back Pain ; etiology ; therapy ; Breast Neoplasms ; pathology ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Embolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Gelatin Sponge, Absorbable ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Iodized Oil ; therapeutic use ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Remission Induction ; Spinal Neoplasms ; blood supply ; secondary ; therapy