Nrf2/Keap1/ARE is an important signaling pathway in maintaining the balance between peroxide and antioxidants. Once oxidative stress happened, Nrf2/Keap1/ARE would be ac-tivated to regulate the expression of downstream antioxidant pro-teins that could reduce the injury from oxidative stress and the level of oxidative stress. Recent researches show that Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway is closely related to refractory re-spiratory diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis (PF), lung canc-er, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), suggesting that Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway may be a potential ther-apeutic target. This review focuses on the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling pathway in refractory respiratory diseases in order to further understand the related mechanism and provide evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of refractory respiratory diseases.

Objective:To detect the effects of porcelain-fused-to-metal(PFM)crown on the periodontal tissue of the restored teeth,and the relationship between the levels of intedeukin(IL)-1β,aspartate transaminase(AST)and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)in gingival crevicular fluid(GCF)and the health condition of periodontal tissue.Methods:Among 28 patients,34 maxillary incisors with PFM crowns were selected for the study.There were 19 Ni-Cr PFM crowns and 15 Au-Pt PFM crowns.The contralateral homonymy natural teeth were healthy and treated as control teeth.The patients were followed up 6 to 8 months after restoring crowns.The values of IL-1β,AST and ALP in GCF were analysed.Results:The concentrations of IL1β and ALP were significantly higher in GCF of Ni-Cr PFM compared with those of control,whereas no significant difference in Au-Pt PFM group compared with that of control.The level of GCF-AST was higher in Ni-Cr PFM and Au-Pt PFM group than that of healthy control.Conclusion:Ni-Cr PFM crowns have negative influence on periodontal tissue,but Au-Pt PFM have little influence on periodontal tissue of the restored teeth.The activity of IL-1β,AST and ALP of GCF are sensitive to reflect the effect of PFM crowns of different materials on periodontal tissue.

Chronic hepatitis B is a world-wide health problem and now at least 250 million people have been infected with hepatitis B virus. Current treatment of hepatitis B rarely achieves a cure because the viral replication template which called covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) are resistant to conventional therapies. The phenotype and function of natural killer cells from chronic hepatitis B patients are different to those from acute hepatitis B patients, suggesting that the function of NK cells may be related to clearance of HBV. Some studies have suggested that the differentiation, development and activation of natural killer cells are controlled by the mammalian target of rapamycin. The present review will mainly focus on the biology of hepatitis B virus, the differentiation and development of natural killer cells, and the progress of metabolism of natural killer cells.

Objective To investigate the changes of vertebral-basal artery and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy(OPCA).Methods 10 patients with OPCA were examined by digital subtraction angiography(DSA) and single-photon-emission-computed tomography(SPECT),and compared with the control group(patients with vertigo or transient ischemic attack).Results In OPCA group,there were 5 cases with small vertebral artery(50%),4 cases with single vertebral artery(40%),9 cases with small and little vessels(90%),10 cases with poor stain in later arterial phase(100%) could be seen by DSA.The lower rCBF in cerebellum and brain stem were seen in 8 cases(80%)by SPECT.In control group,there were 3 cases(15%),4 cases(20%),4 cases(20%),3 cases(15%) and 7 cases(35%) respectively.There were significant differences between the two groups(all P

Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of IL-12 in acute cardiac allograft rejection in rats.Methods Two groups of SD rats received cervical heterotopic heart transplantation from allogeneic Wistar or syngeneic SD rats.The cardiac grafts were harvested at 1,3,5,and 7 days after transplantation and detected for the expression of IL-12 mRNA by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results With the posttransplantation day delayed,the expression of IL-12 mRNA was significantly increased in allogeneic transplant group(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of percutaneous device closure guided by transesophageal echo-cardiography (TEE)on atrial septal defect(ASD)via right internal jugular vein(RIJV)in children.Methods A total of 8 cases with secundum ASD were recruited as candidates to receive percutaneous device closure via RIJV between July 22 and November 5,201 5 in Heart Center,Dalian Children′s Hospital.In this group,5 boys and 3 girls who were 5 months to 1 0 years old were included.The youngest patient was a 30 weeks premature infant of 5 months old,with 3 -month correction gestational age.All patients were clearly diagnosed as ASD by transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) before operation.Five patients had single central type ASD which were 5 -8 mm in diameter,and 3 patients had multi-ple(1 biforate and 2 cribriform)ASD which were 1 0 -1 2 mm in shunt range.New type Fustar curve adjustable sheath was delivered after RIJV accessed.By passing through the ASD by adjusting the depth and bending of the tips of sheath,then the device was delivered and released to close the ASD.The procedures were always guided and monitored by TEE.After the devices were released,the position of device,residual shunt,and the effect of valves were assessed by TEE or TTE.Results All patients were tested with TEE and TTE after procedure,devices were stable and well shaped,and the defects were closured well without any residual shunt.All the patients were followed up more than 6 months.No hydropericardium,thrombogenesis,tachyarrhythmia,complete atrioventricular block or other complications were found.Conclusions To close ASD with new type curve adjustable sheaths via RIJV may have wide indications, short operation path,well curative effect,minimal invasion and fast recovery in pediatrics,especially fit for the small age children with a big ASD who are difficult to treat via femoral vein.

Objective To investigate the effect of microbubble (MB) contrast agents impacted by different parameters such as acoustic pressure, frequency, duration of exposure, and MB concentration under flowing condition. Methods A capillary flow mimic model was set up for observation and analysis of MB displacement and aggregation under stereomicroscope. Results The displacement and aggregation of ultrasonic occurred significantly at the frequency of 2.0 MHz than 1.0 MHz and 0.5 MHz. Under low acoustic pressure, MBs were not visually disrupted but the flow slowed down. The aggregation and deflection applying to MB was stronger in the tube happened at the MB concentration of 7×10~7/ml than 7×10~5/ml, but did not when the concentration rose to 7×10~9/ml because of the high viscosity. The ultrasound exposure time could not affect significantly in displacement and MB aggregation. Conclusion MB contrast agents can be manipulated under some ultrasound parameters. It is expected to be physically modulated in blood vessels, in order to increase targeted adhesions for many therapeutic purposes.

Objective To discuss the application indications of emergency thoracotomy (ET) and the surgical strategy in the treatment of chest trauma .Methods The clinical data of 35 chest trauma patients treated by ET from January 2010 to March 2014 were analyzed retrospectively .Results In 35 cases ,the injury severity score (ISS) was 12-65 ,average 31 .63 .23 cases were pene‐trating injuries and 12 cases were blunt injuries .28 cases (80 .00% ) manifest as shock on admission .Blood loss in all cases was 1 000-5 000 mL ,average 2 400 mL and 20 cases were over 3 000 mL .ET was performed in the emergency room (6 cases) and the operative room (29 cases) .The time of admission to surgery in all cases was<30 min .12 cases (34 .29% ) died ,with average ISS score of 48 .26 .The main causes of death were cardiac tamponade and hemorrhagic shock .23 cases (65 .71% ) survived .The surviv‐al rates of penetrating and blunt injury were 78 .26% (18/23) and 41 .67% (5/12) respectively .The occurrence rate of complications in the survivals was 39 .13% (9/23) .Conclusion Massive bleeding ,ventilation dysfunction and cardiac tamponade caused by severe chest trauma are the important indications of ET ;the patient with chest penetrating injury on high‐risk positions should be actively performed the exploratory thoracotomy ;race against time rapid thoracotomy is the key for successful treatment .

Objective: To construct attenuated salmonella typhimurium haboring an eukaryotic co-expression plasmid encoding TIP30 and human IFN-? gene and observing its effect on the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Methods: The TIP30 and human IFN-? genes were amplified by PCR and inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neofor the construction of expression plasmids pCI-TIP30 and pCI-IFN, respectively. A co-expression plasmid pCI-TIP30/IFN was constructed by linking TIP30 and human IFN-? gene using the sequence of internal ribosome binding sequence (IRES). Three recombinant expression plasmids were transformed into an attenuated AroA'autotrophic mutant of salmonella typhimurium SL7207, the resultant bacteria were used to infected murine macrophage in vitro and the expressed products were detected by Western blot and ELISA, respectively. Tumor growth was observed by oral administration of the recombinant salmonella typhimuriums to the nude mouse with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Results: Murine macrophage infected with recombinant salmonella transformed with both plasmids pCI-TIP30 and pCI-TIP30/IFN could express TIP30 protein, and murine macrophage infected with recombinant salmonella transformed with pCI-IFN or pCI-TIP30/IFN could secret human IFN-? in the culture supernatant. Attenuated salmonella typhimurium and three constructed recombinant salmonella typhimuriums all had evident inhibition onthe tumor growth in nude mouse with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Conclusion: The recombinant attenuated salmonella typhimuriums haboring plasmid pCI-TIP30, plasmidpCI-IFN and co-expressing plasmidp-CI-TIP30/IFN were successfully constructed, which could inhibit the growth of adenoid cystic carcinoma in nude mouse.

Objective To examine the changes of ultrastructural microcirculation of small intestines of portal hypertension (PHT) canines. Methods PHT canine models were established by coarcating a half main portal vein with silk line chronic emboliztion. The ultrastructural changes of small intestine epithelium, mucous membrane and submucosa microcirculation were examined. Results The characteristics of ultrastructural changes of small intestine epithelium, mucous membrane and submucosa microcirculation were as follows: the number of blood vessels was increased and the diameter of them was expanded significantly; the lumen of arteriole was decreased, and the wall was thickened; arteriole collagen fibers were hyperplastic and confused; the lumen of venule was increased, the wall was thinned; basement membrane was damaged; microcirculatary endothelial cell was damaged generally; leukocytes was infiltrated; epithelial cells and basement membrane of intestinal mucosa were damaged; smooth muscle cell nucleus of ileum were deformed. Conclusion Small intestine epithelium, mucous membrane and submucosa microcirculatary ultrastructral showed obvious changes in PHT canines.