AIM: To determine the concentration of escitalopram in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and investigate the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram. METH-ODS: The method involved protein precipitation with methanol. The chromatographic separation was achieved within 6.0 min by using methanol-water with 15 mmol·L-1 ammonium acetate-formic acid (72:28:O.1, v/v/v) as mobile phase and a Lichrospher CN 150 mm×4.6 mm analytical column. The analytes were detected using an electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in SRM mode. Detection of the ions was performed by monitoring the transitions of m/z 325.0 to 234.0 for escitalopram and m/z 409.1 to 238.1 for amlodipine (intemal standard), respectively. RESULTS:The standard curve was linear ( r = 0. 999) over the concentration range of 0.20 - 50.00 ng· ml- 1. Accuracy and precision were below the acceptance limits of 15%. The recoveries of escitalopram ranged from 96.0% to 103.6%. The lower limit of quantification for escitalopram was 0.20 ng· ml-1 using 200 μl plasma sample.The pharmacokinetic parameters of escitalopram after a single oral dosing of escitalopram oxalate tablet (10 rog)to ten healthy male volunteers were achieved. The Cmax, Tmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞, t1/2 and Ke of escitalopram were 9.21±2.10 ng·ml-1 , 3.75±1.04 h, 514.6±152.3 ng·h·ml-1 ,540.5±162.3 ng·h·ml-1 , 34.06±7.71 h and 0.021±0.004 h-1,respectively. CONCLUSION:The determination of concentration of escitalopram in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS method was repid, sensitive and reliable. It can be used for clinical pharmacokinetic study of escitalopram.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of alendronate sodium combined with dietary and exercise intervention in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods 88 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients were enrolled and treated with alendronate sodium and Vitamin D combined with dietary and exercise intervention for 12 months. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumber spine and femur neck were measured before and after the treatment. Results Medication combined with dietary and exercise intervention significantly increased bone mineral density of postmenopausal osteoporosis patients, and the serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BLAP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRACP) were significantly higher than those pre-treatment, with significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared to simple medication treatment, medication combined with dietary and exercise intervention is more effective to enhance medication efficacy and BMD level.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of pegylated interferon ( PegIFN ) α-2a plus ribavirin ( RBV) therapy for chronic hepatitis C ( CHC) in non-responders, and to investigate the related influencing factors.Methods A prospective, open, multicenter and randomized study was conducted.A total of 81 CHC non-responders were recruited from 10 clinical centers during February 2009 to November 2011.Patients were randomly assigned into two groups:group A (n=37) was given PegIFNα-2a plus RBV treatment for 72 weeks and group B (n=44) was given PegIFNα-2a plus RBV treatment for 96 weeks.Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment.Virological responses in two groups were observed, and treatment efficacies among patients with different genotypes, and among those with different previous treatment were compared.SAS software was used for statistical analysis.Results Fifty-two patients ( 28 from group A and 24 from group B) completed the study in total.The rates of rapid virological response ( RVR) , complete early virological response ( cEVR ) , end of treatment viral response ( ETVR ) and sustained virological response (SVR) in group A were 25.0% (7/28), 60.7% (17/28), 67.9%(19/28) and 60.7%(17/28), respectively; while those in the group B were 41.7% (10/24), 70.8%(17/24), 70.8%(17/24) and 70.8% (17/24), respectively; and there were no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05).SVR was observed in 82.9%(29/35) of patients with CC genotype of IL-28B, which was higher than that in patients with other genotypes ( 3/13 ) , and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in viral responses between patients previously treated with IFN plus RBV and those treated by IFN only (P>0.05).The rates of RVR, cEVR, ETVR and SVR in patients who were previously treated with IFN were 36.4%(12/33), 81.8%(27/33), 81.8%(27/33) and 75.8%(25/33), and the rates of cEVR, ETVR and SVR were higher than those in patients who were previously treated with PegIFN (P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed in RVR (P>0.05).Adverse events occurred in 38 patients (46.9%), but no severe ones were observed. Conclusion The efficacy of PegIFNα-2a plus RBV therapy for CHC in non-responders is satisfactory, which may influenced by IL-28B genotypes and previous treatment.

The study established a UPLC-MS/MS method that is used for simultaneous determination nine major bioactive compounds of Dachengqi Tang in rat plasma. Using Aglient C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm,1.7 microm) was chromatographed, using methanol-5 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate mobile phase gradient, elution 0.3 mL x min(-1). In the plasma pre-treatment process, not only the method of methanol and acetonitrile protein precipitation was investigated, and different factors extraction solvent, the type of the scroll time, the number and the type of extraction solvent, the extraction volume of the extraction solution of liquid-liquid extraction is investigated. Finally, with ibuprofen as an internal standard, using ethyl acetate liquid-liquid extraction method pretreatment blood, N2 dry reconstituted supernatant after centrifugation UPLC-MS/MS analysis, in electrospray ionization (ESI) negative mode, using multiple reaction monitoring mode for testing. The linear range of emodin, rhein, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol, magnolol, honokiol, hesperidin and hesperitin is 0.33-660, 0.40-792, 0.41-827, 0.34-680, 0.45-907, 0.46-927, 0.43-867, 0.34-683, 0.39-787 microg x L(-1) respectively, good linear relationship; and extraction recovery were greater than 69.39%, days after the day of the RSD is less than 15%. This method can be used to study the rat gastric large bearing gas after Dachengqi Tang, the simultaneous determination of nine components in plasma for its pharmacokinetics and efficacy material base to provide a theoretical basis.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Female ; Male ; Plasma ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Objective: To investigate the incidence and related independent risk factors of depression in treatment-naïve Han ethnic Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C. Methods: Nine hundred and ninety-seven Han Chinese patients with confirmed chronic HCV infection were enrolled. Beck’s depression inventory scale was used to assess depression score. Patients were divided into two groups according to the score: score≥17, depression group (16.85%, 168/997); score <17, no depression group (83.15%, 829/997). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze independent risk factors related with the onset of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of gender distribution, marital status, education level, income level and smoking status (P < 0.05). Independent risk factors were female [odds ratio (OR) = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.28-6.50, P = 0.001], decompensated cirrhosis [OR = 2.31; 95% CI: 1.20-4.48, P = 0.013], unmarried [OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.12-3.60, P = 0.019], separated [OR = 17.39; 95% CI: 1.64-184.47, P = 0.018], divorced [OR = 3.82; 95% CI: 1.36-10.74, P = 0.011], without higher education [OR = 2.04; 95% CI: 1.22-3.42, P = 0.007], low income [OR = 3.94; 95% CI: 1.38-11.28, P = 0.011], middle income [OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.02-8.62, P = 0.047], uninterrupted smoking [OR = 3.67; 95% CI: 2.13-6.31, P = 0.001], and previously smoked [OR = 3.33, 95% CI: 1.66-6.68, P = 0.001]. Conclusion The incidence of depression in patients with chronic hepatitis C is relatively high. The independent risk factors related with depression include female, unmarried, separated, and divorced, without higher education, low and middle-income level, smoking and disease progression to decompensated cirrhosis, but no significant correlation between hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral load.

Objective To explore the relation between hepatitis B virus DNA load and genotype with the level of large envelope protein. Methods Serum HBV DNA was quantitively detected by using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The LHBs were detected by using enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) and HBV markers were detected by time differentiate immunofiuorescence assay in 140 serum samples collected from chronic hepatitis B patients. The genotypes of HBV were identified by DNA sequencing; and analyze their relationship. Results There was no significant difference between positive rate of LHBs and that of HBV DNA in HBeAg negative and positive group(P＞0.05); The HBV LHBs absorbency was markedly correlated with the HBV DNA load(R2=0.9267). The difference of HBV LHBs absorbency between HBV genotype B and C was not significant. Conclusions The close correlation between HBV LHBs absorbence and HBV DNA load illustrated that he level of serum LHBs can be used to estimate the state of HBV replication; and there is no relationship between HBV LHBs absorbency and genotypes. So HBV LHBs may be used as a new serological marker to detect HBV replication.

Objective To evaluate the association between resting heart rate (HR) and all-cause death and coronary heart disease (CHD) events in the Chinese cohort. Methods Data were obtained from the PRC-USA Cooperative Study on Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology. Baseline screen surveys were conducted in 1983 and 1984 from people aged 35 to 59 years living in urban or rural areas of Beijing and Guangzhou. Follow-up visits were performed for end point events of all-cause death and first CHD events every two years till 2005. Resting HR was determined from 5 consecutive intervals between R waves on the 12-lead electrocardiogram. Results A total of 9856 (4805 males) people were included in the study and the mean follow up duration was 16. 2 years. There were 1523 deaths, including 200 CHD events during the follow up period. Mean resting HR was 67. 9 beat per minute (bpm) in men and 71. 6 bpm in women respectively which had a trend to increase with aging. Cox Proportional Hazards model indicated the relative risk of all-cause death increased constantly with the increase of HR percentile after control of age, fasting glucose, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. With HR 60-89 bpm as control group, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval in group HR <50 bpm,50-59 bpm,90-99 bpm and ≥100 bpm were 0. 76(0. 49-1. 17) ,0. 87 (0. 75-1. 02) , 1. 33 ( 1. 06-1. 68) ,1.48 ( 1. 03-2. 14) respectively. However there was no significant correlation between HR and CHD events in studied population. Conclusion The risk of total death increased significantly in people with HR≥90 bpm suggesting higher resting heart rate might be an independent risk factor for all-cause death in the Chinese population.

KI polyomavirus, which was firstly discovered in 2007, is a new human polyomavirus belonging to Polyomaviridae and containing circular double-strand genomic DNA. This study was based on identification assay of KI polyomavirus reported. Total 2293 clinical sputum specimens from children under 3-years-old were collected and screened from Wenzhou Medical College affiliated Wenling Hospital, Zhejiang Province. A KI polyomavirus was detected and identified, the positive rate was 0.04%. The sequences of PCR products was identical to that of the viral capsid protein (VP1) gene derived from KI polyomavirus. The results strongly suggested that the KI polyomavirus was found firstly in Chinese children with acute lower respiratory tract infections from Zhejiang region. This study provided new information for further investigation of etiopathogenisis and diagnosis in children with lower respiratory tract infections.
Child, Preschool ; China ; Humans ; Infant ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polyomavirus ; isolation & purification ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; virology

WU polyomavirus, which was firstly discovered in 2007, is a new human polyomavirus belonging to Polyomaviridae and containing circular double-stranded genomic DNA. In this study, the 278 clinical sputum specimens from children under 5 years old were collected from Wenzhou Medical College affiliated Wenling First Hospital, Zhejiang Province. Based on identification assay of WU polyomavirus previously reported, a WU polyomavirus was identified from clinical samples successfully, the positive rate was 0.4%. The sequences of PCR products were identical to that of VP2 gene and large T antigen gene derived from WU polyomavirus reported. The above results strongly suggested that the WU polyomavirus isolated was firstly found in Chinese children with acute lower respiratory tract infections. This study provides a firm basis for further research of WU polyomavirus.
Base Sequence ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polyomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Sputum ; virology

Objective: To investigate the impact of symptom onset to first medical contact (SO-to-FMC)time on the prognosis of patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI). Methods: The clinical data of 341 consecutive STEMI patients, who were hospitalized to our hospital and received primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI) from August 2011 to April 2016, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into ≤90 min group (201 cases) and >90 min group (140 cases) according to the SO-to-FMC time. The treatment time, mortality and incidence of major adverse cardiac and cerebro-vascular events(MACCE) were analyzed. The risk factor of 1-year mortality after PCI and 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. The predictor of 4.5-year mortality after PCI was analyzed by multivariate Cox regression analysis. Methods The door to balloon time (104(88, 125) min vs. 111(92, 144)min, P=0.023), first medical contact to balloon time(146(119, 197) min vs. 177(125, 237)min, P=0.005), and symptom onset-to-balloon time(200(170, 257) min vs. 338(270, 474)min, P<0.001)were all significantly shorter in the ≤90 min group than in>90 min group. The 30-day mortality (2.99% (6/201) vs. 7.86%(11/140), P=0.042), 1-year mortality (2.89 (5/173) vs. 9.57(11/115), P=0.015), 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period(1.16%(2/173) vs. 6.96%(8/115), P=0.021), and 4.5-year cumulative mortality(3.00% vs. 11.20%, P=0.007) after PCI were significantly lower in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. Moreover, the 4.5-year incidence with free of MACCE (97.20% vs. 88.80%, P=0.025) during the post-discharge follow-up period was significantly higher in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (2.49%(5/201) vs. 6.43%(9/140), P=0.071). Results: The door to balloon time (104(88, 125) min vs. 111(92, 144)min, P=0.023) , first medical contact to balloon time(146(119, 197) min vs. 177(125, 237)min, P=0.005), and symptom onset-to-balloon time(200(170, 257) min vs. 338(270, 474)min, P<0.001) were all significantly shorter in the ≤90 min group than in >90 min group. The 30-day mortality(2.99% (6/201) vs. 7.86%(11/140), P=0.042), 1-year mortality (2.89(5/173) vs. 9.57(11/115), P=0.015), 1-year incidence of MACCE during the post-discharge follow-up period (1.16%(2/173) vs. 6.96%(8/115), P=0.021), and 4.5-year cumulative mortality (3.00% vs. 11.20%, P=0.007) after PCI were significantly lower in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. Moreover, the 4.5-year incidence with free of MACCE (97.20% vs. 88.80%, P=0.025) during the post-discharge follow-up period was significantly higher in the ≤90 min group than in the >90 min group. In-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups (2.49%(5/201) vs. 6.43%(9/140), P=0.071). Results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that the SO-to-FMC time >90 min was the risk factor of 1-year mortality(OR=2.90, 95%CI 1.22-6.92, P=0.016) and 1-year incidence of MACCE (OR=5.19, 95%CI 1.21-22.20, P=0.026) during the post-discharge follow-up period. Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the SO-to-FMC time >90 min was the risk factor of 4.5-year mortality after PCI in patients with STEMI (HR=2.88, 95%CI 1.10-7.53, P=0.031). Conclusion Shorting the SO-to-FMC time can significantly reduce the treatment time of STEMI patients, short and long-term mortalities and the incidence of MACCE, and improve the prognosis of patients with STEMI.