BACKGROUND:Deproteinized cancellous bone can be used as a new kind of bone graft material due to its wide resources andbiological characteristics if the problem of immunogen can be solved. OBJECTIVE:To study the properties of deproteinized cancellous bone following preparation with physico-chemical methods,in addition,to explore the feasibility of xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A comparison observation was performed at the Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Anti-fibrosis Biotherapy between February 2008 and January 2009. MATERIALS:Deproteinized bone was derived from pigs and goals femoral cancellous bone followed by treating with 1:1 methanol extract and 30% H2O2. METHODS:The mechanical properties of vector were examined by scanning electron-microscopy,X-rays diffraction analysis,differential scanning calorimetry,and mechanical experimental instrument. The density of third passage of human bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) of iliac bone was regulated to 2?108/L,vaccinated to vector,and the cell adhesion and proliferation was observed by inverted microscope and scanning electron microscope. Forty BALB/C mice were randomly dividedinto the experimental and control groups,with 20 animals in each group. Muscle behind femur was made muscle pouch,which was implanted pig deproteinized bone in the experimental group,and no other treatment in the control group. The level of serumcarnine,glutamic-oxal(o)acetic transaminase (GOT),as well as glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were measured at weeks 12,4,8 after operation. Meanwhile,the immunogenicity of pig deproteinized bone and specimen of deproteinized bone in mice were detected at the 4 weeks after implantation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Physicochemical properties and immunogenicity of deproteinized bone were analyzed by in vitroexperiment. And the bio-safety was evaluated by animal experiment. RESULTS:The inorganic composition of deproteinized cancellous bone was hydroxyapatite ceramic,which is identical with nature composition of human bone. It showed that deproteinized cancellous bone maintained natural network pore system and kept good mechanical property. The MSCs grew well on deproteinized cancellous bone due to its low immunogenicity and toxicity. CONCLUSION:The xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone is an excellent vector in bone tissue engineering.

AIM:To investigate the effects of Auricularia auricular-judae polysaccharide ( AAP) on pulmonary tissues of rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI) and its mechanisms.METHODS: Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group , LPS group, low-dose AAP group, middle-dose AAP group, high-dose APP group, and dexamethasone group.The rats were injected with LPS (8 mg/kg, ip) to induce ALI.The rats in the AAP groups were treated with AAP for 7 d before the induction of ALI .The protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was measured.The lung edema degree was measured by detecting the wet /dry weight ratio.The myeloper-oxidase ( MPO) , total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) , total superoxide dismutase ( T-SOD) , nitric oxide synthase ( NOS) and malondialdehyde ( MDA) levels were determined .The pathological changes of the lung tissues were evaluated by HE staining.RESULTS:Treatment with AAP significantly improved LPS-induced lung pathological changes , attenuated the protein concentration in the BALF and wet/dry weight ratio , inhibited the activities of MPO and NOS , reduced MDA level and increased the activities of T-AOC and T-SOD.CONCLUSION: AAP protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury in rats.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect of combination of acupuncture and medicine combined with auricular pointsfor the children of MT.Methods A total of 70 children with MT who met the inclusion criteria, were divided into the treatment group and control group according to random number table method (n=35); The treatment group was given acupuncture treatment and prescription ofZishen-Tiaogan and auricular points; and the control group was given Haloperidol tablets. Both groups were treated for 2 months. The severity of the children's convulsing symptoms and the clinical efficacy were assessed by the Yale Global Tie Severityb Scale (YGTSS).Results After 1 course of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 82.9% (29/35), while the control group was 57.1% (20/35), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.276,P=0.023); after 2 courses of treatment, the total effective rate of the treatment group was 88.6% (31/35) and the control group was71.4% (25/35).The difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.346, P=0.019). After 1 course of treatment, YGTSS score was (14.6 ± 6.9vs. 17.3 ± 7.5,t=4.604), and after 2 course of treatment,YGTSS score was (8.0 ± 5.3vs. 10.3 ± 4.9,t=5.521) in the treatment group wwere significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions Combination of acupuncture and medicine combined with auricular points can alleviate the clinical symptoms of children with MT and improve the clinical effect.

Objective To observe the influence of fluoride and aluminum on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13(MMP-13) in rat articular chondrocytes. Methods Original generation chondrocytes of rats was cultured and divided into fluoride group, aluminum group, fluoride plus aluminum group and control group. NaF and A1C13 at concentrations of 1 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L were administered to intoxicate the cells for 24, 48, 72 h respectively. Cells were extracted to undergo reverse transcription the polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) at different times to observe mRNA expression of MMP-13, and protein expression was detected by Western-blot. Results In 24 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group(0.830±0.043), aluminum group(1.279±0.060) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.983±0.028) was higher than that in the control group(0.707±0.026, P<0.05), and relative expression of MMP-13 mRNA in aluminum group was the highest. In 48 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group (0.964±0.180), aluminum group (1.333±0.105) and fluoride plus aluminum group (0.915±0.137) was higher than that in the control group(0.660±0.055, P<0.05), and the relative expression in aluminum group was the highest. In 72 h, the content of MMP-13 mRNA in fluoride group(0.866±0.115), aluminum group(0.846±0.089) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.967±0.196) had no statistical significance(P>0.05) compared with the control group(0.809±0.179). In 24 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(1.050±0.084), aluminum group(1.010±0.113) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.977±0.202) had no statistical significance(P>0.05) compared with the control group(0.860±0.038). In 48 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(0.671±0.020), aluminum group(1.134±0.094) and fluoride plus aluminum group (0.923±0.087) was higher than that in the control group (0.647±0.025, P<0.05), but no significant difference being observed between groups (P>0.05). In 72 h, the content of MMP-13 protein in fluoride group(0.672±0.022), aluminum group(1.088±0.072) and fluoride plus aluminum group(0.772±0.030) was higher than that in the control group(0.577±0.026, P<0.05). It was the highest in the aluminum group, the intra-group difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). Conclusions Fluoride and aluminum damage chondrocytes to some extent, toxicity of aluminum itself is greater than fluoride and fluoride plus aluminum. Abnormal expression of MMP-13 can be observed in the chondrocyte damage process induced by fluoride and aluminum.

Objective To evaluate the role of δ opioid receptor in the brain injury following asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation in rats.Methods Ninety-six pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 300-350 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =24 each):sham operation group (group S),asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation group (group M),δ opioid receptor agonist BW373U86 group (group B) and δ opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole group (group N).Cardiac arrest was induced by clamping the tracheal tube for 8 min.Mechanical ventilation with pure oxygen was performed.Epinephrine 0.02 mg/kg and 5％ NaHCO3 1 mg/kg were injected intravenously as soon as chest compression was started.Appearance of spontaneous breathing and MAP ＞ 50 mm Hg (lasting for more than 10 min) were considered to be signs of successful recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).BW373U86 and naltrindole 1 mg/kg were injected via the femoral vein immediately after ROSC in groups B and N,respectively,while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in groups S and M.Neurological deficit score (NDS) was evaluated at 3,24 and 72 h after ROSC.The rats were then sacrificed,brains were isolated and the hippocampus was obtained for detection of the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB)mRNA by RT-PCR.The histological grading (HG) of neurons and number of survival neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were determined at 72 h after ROSC.Results Compared with group S,the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA was significantly up-regulated,HG was increased,and NDS and the number of survival neurons were decreased in groups M,B and N (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group M,the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA was significantly up-regulated in group B,the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA was down-regulated in group N,and HG was significantly decreased,and NDS and the number of survival neurons were increased in groups B and N (P ＜ 0.05).NDS was significantly lower,the number of survival neurons was smaller,the expression of BDNF and TrkB mRNA was lower,and HG was higher in group N than in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Activation of δ opioid receptor can reduce the brain injury following asphyxial cardiac arrest-resuscitation in rats and the mechanism may be related to up-regulation of BDNF and TrkB after activation of δ opioid receptor.

There is especial request for medical ethics of urology which is different from other dis-ciplines. Medical ethical education must be paid equal attention to expertise culture. And suitable guide wrong value. Practice suggested that we should do as follows : to be strictch by word and deed and to be the first to set an example ; to think by trans- ; to enrich teaching form and to strengthen effects of studying.

BackgroundBiological behavior of choroidal melanoma is closely related with angiogenesis.The microcirculation pattern in which tumor cells may be involved is different from neovascularization.ObjectiveThis study was to observe the microcirculation pattern of the choroidal melanoma tissue and analyze its relationship with the clinical pathology factor and the degree of cellular proliferation.Methods Forty-eight specimen of choroidal melanoma tissue were collected at Beijing Tongren Eye Centre from November 1997 through March 2006.Periodate acid Schiff staining was used to determine the microcirculation pattern of choroidal melanoma.The morphology of the tumor cells and the distribution of microcirculation pattern in the tumor were observed under a fluorescence microscopy with 544 nm wavelength,and the Ki-67 expression in the tumor was detected by immunochemistry.The relationships between the choroidal melanoma clinical pathology factor with Ki-67 expression and microcirculation pattern were evaluated by multiple stepwise regression model.ResultsA total of 9 kinds of microcirculation patterns were found by periodate acid Schiff staining.The occurring rate of loop- or network-like vascular pattern showed a significant elevation in the tumor tissue with epithelial cells in comparison with the tumor with spindle-like cells (66.7％ vs.30.6％ ) ( P=0.027 ).The expression rates of Ki-67 were 18.961 ± 10.995 and 19.481 ± 12.167 in the tumor tissue with loop- or network-like microvascular pattern,and those in the tumor tissue without loop- or network-like microvascular pattern were 10.261 ±5.669 and 12.021 ± 6.802,presenting significant differences between them ( P =0.000,P =0.010).Loop-like microvascular pattern was determined as the risk factor of the proliferation and metastasis of choroidal melanoma by multiple stepwise regression analysis (P=0.002).ConclusionsAmong the nine microcirculation patterns in choroidal melanoma,networks pattern is the most fashion,and Ki-67 expression is more strong in the tumor with epitheliod cells,suggesting that this microcirculation pattern is associated to the malignant degree and extent of proliferation in choroidal melanoma.

Objective To evaluate the value of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)in the assessment of uterine fibroids by analyzing uterine fibroids and normal myometrium.Methods Forty-four patients with uterine fibroids confirmed by surgery were included in this study.DTI was performed using double gradient GE HDxt 3.0T and HD Cardiac coil.All data were transferred to GE AW4.5 Workstation software for data processing.Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC),fractional aniso(FA),volume ratio aniso(VRA)and T2-weighted trace of uterine fibroids and normal myometrium were recorded.Diffusion tensor tractography (DTT)of uterine fibroids and normal myometrium were reconstructed and observed.The ADC,FA,VRA and T2-weighted trace of different regions of interest (ROI)were compared between uterine fibroids and normal myometrium.Results The ADC,FA,VRA and T2-weighted trace of uterine fibroids and normal myometrium were (1.65±0.32)×10 -9 mm2/s and (1.21±0.97)×10 -9 mm2/s,0.20±0.08 and 0.28±0.08,0.05 ± 0.05 and 0.09±0.07,344.22±66.1 9 and 318.97±98.48,respectively.The ADC of normal myometrium was higher than that of uterine fibroids (P =0.009).The FA and VRA of normal myometrium were lower than those of uterine fibroids (P =0.000,P =0.005). There was no statistically significant difference of T2-weighted trace between uterine fibroids and normal myometrium (P =0.1 74). There were obvious differences between uterine fibroids and normal myometrium in direction,arrangement and number of fibers. Conclusion DTI can be used to evaluate the structure difference between uterine fibroids and normal myometrium,which has the potential to improve assessment value of MRI for uterine fibroids.

Objective This study analyzes the main technical fields and their mutual correlation concerning the international patents of acupuncture to provide decision support for the strategy of developing acupuncture related products.Methods Derwent Innovation Index was applied as the data source,Thomson Data Analyzer was adopted as the main analyzing tool,and the co-occurring clustering spectrum analysis method of international patent number (IPC) was used.Results Based on the retrieval and analyzed results,the main classification of international patent of acupuncture and the technical association diagram of Chinese medicine acupuncture patents were formed.Conclusion The main technical fields of acupuncture international patent included acupuncture needles,acupuncture instruments combined with drug and acupuncture instruments combined with modem physical methods as well as the point health care products.Among them,the methods applied in acupuncture,namely the magnetic therapy method,laser therapy,thermal therapy,roller and ball massage adopted in acupuncture point massage instruments which combine traditional herbal medicine,have already been the research hotspot of current acupuncture patent products.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) with holmium laser lithotripsy in the management of stones in ectopic pelvic kidney (PK).Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of 11 patients,ranged from 37-52 years old,who were underwent FURS with holmium laser for PK stones from January 2007 to April 2012.Three cases had solitary stones in renal pelvis,3 cases had solitary stones at lower calyx and multiple stones were found in 5 cases.Mean size of stone was 2.3 cm (ranged 1.8-3.7 cm).One case had history of ESWL and PCNL before surgery with unsatisfied result and 7 cases were underwent ESWL with poor outcome.The double J stent was placed into the ureter two weeks before the operation.Under the general anesthesia,the ureteral access sheath was placed firstly during operation.Then,flexible ureteroscopy was inserted into the renal pelvis through ureteral access sheath.Holmium laser was used to perform the procedure with the power less than 20 W (0.6-1.0 J/10-20 Hz).The stone fragments were taken out by stone baskets and double-J stent was set at the end of the procedure for additional two weeks.Results The successive rate of the ureteroscopic insertion was 100％.The average operation time was 62 min (ranged 31-87 min).No severe complications such as heavy bleeding,perforation or ureteral avulsion occurred.Small stone fragments were found in 3 cases.All of them located in the lower calyx.Since no one complained about the upper urinary obstruction or related symptoms,conservative observation was considered.All patients discharged the day after the operation.Within three months follow-up,no sign of urinary obstruction was found.Conclusions FURS with holmium laser is a safe,effective and minimally invasive technique.It could be the best option in the management of renal calculi in ectopic pelvic kidney.