Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder, affecting 10%-24% of the general population, and the incidence is much higher (70% -80% ) in type 2 diabetic patients. Recent studies indicate that fatty liver is an emerging problem in the Asia-Pacific region and China. The community prevalence of NAFLD in Shanghai is 15%. A large body of evidences suggests that NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. NAFLD is not only associated with the metabolic syndrome, it also predicts the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The liver is a central organ for controlling and regulating glucose and lipids metabolism; intrahepatocellular lipid accumulation plays a key role in the development of metabolic-ally related disorders. It is crucial that specialists, especially endocrinologists, and practising clinicians should be aware of the strong association between NAFLD and increased risks of diabetes and CVD, NAFLD should be diagnosed correctly and defined timely in regarding its role as risk factors of underlying diabetes and CVD.

The progress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) research has shown an important role of hepatic steatosis in triggering insulin resistance and glucose/lipid metabolic disorders.As an early reversible therapeutic target for metabolic diseases,NAFLD has attracted increasing attention from endocrinologists and gastroenterologists,as well as deeping the studies in this field.Based on the recent progress in NAFLD research,this review mainly presents the new understanding and concept of NAFLD,discusses the features of the new guidelines and concensus for NAFLD treatment,and introduces some updated developments in NAFLD diagnosis and therapy.Furthermore,future directions of NAFLD research are also predicted in the article.

Researches in type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease have been made in recent years.The intimate connection between these two diseases has been analysed and explored.Whether non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a hepatic complication of type 2 diabetes remains to be elucidated.The poor outcome of liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes should be emphasized.

Objective In Caucasian populations, the tumor cells of Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients more frequently express HLA class Ⅰ and HLA class Ⅱ molecules compared to EBV-negative cHL patients. HLA expression (in relation to EBV) in Asian cHL patients has not been previously investigated. Methods 145 cHL patients with formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks available from Beijing, China were randomly selected. Hematoxylin & Eosin-stained slides were used to reclassify the histological subtypes according to the WHO classification. EBV status was determined by visualization of EBER in tumor cells using in situ hybridization. Membranous expression of HLA molecules was detected by immunohistochemistry using antibodies HC-10 (class Ⅰ heavy chain) and antiβ2-microglobulin for HLA class Ⅰ, and CR3/43 for HLA class Ⅱ. Results EBV (+) tumor cells were observed in 40 % (58/145) of the cHL patients. As expected, the percentage of EBV(+) cases was much higher in the mixed cellularity subtype (71%) than that in the nodular sclerosis subtype (16 %) (P ＜0.001). The expression of HLA class Ⅰ was observed in 79 % of the EBV (+) cHL cases and in 30 % of the EBV (-) cases (P ＜0.001). For HLA class Ⅱ, 52 % of EBV(+) cHL cases were positive, compared to 43 % in EBV(-) cases (P =0.277). Conclusion The results in China population were similar to that in the Caucasian population for HLA class Ⅰ, but not for HLA class Ⅱ.

Objective:To assess the mental health status of medical students.Method:Approximately 456 students were tested with scl-90.Result: The medical students had more problems than the national norm on obsessive compulsive,eccentric,psychosis.female were inferior to males in somatic,interpersonal sensitivity,depression,anxiety,phobic anxiety,eccentric factor.The mental health level of high grade is betfer than low grade.Conclusion: Mental health education should be developed according to mental characteristics of medical students.

Three cellulose derivatives were synthesized and used as chiral stationary phases based on silica gel.The effects of adsorbances on the column numbers and stabilities have been investigated.These stationary phases exhibited high chiral recognition for various racemates.At the same time,the on-line curves of polarimeter were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography with polarimeter as on-line detector.

Accurate determination of hepatic fat content is essential for investigating the quantitative association between hepatic steatosis and multiple metabolic disorders,and is of great significance in determining the beginning and goal for clinical intervention.More attention has been focused on establishing a non-invasive,simple and accurate method for determining hepatic fat content.Recently,a computer-aided ultrasound quantitative method may provide a new way for single and accurate estimation of hepatic fat content.

An early diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD) is meaningful to the prevention and cure of diabetes and cardiovascular disease ( CVD). The sensitivity and specificity of qualitative methods vary greatly, and these methods do not quantify liver fat content. Pathological diagnosis is a quantitative method, but it is invasive and inappropriate for clinical application. The establishment of H Magnetic Resonance Spectrum (1H MRS) opened up a brand-new era for noninvasive liver fat quantification. This review systemically introduces the new progress in noninvasive diagnosis of NAFLD.

Objective To study the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice and evaluate the protection of HCQ on lupus nephritis.Methods Twenty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:the control group which was consisted of 6 mice; the MRL/lpr group which was consisted of 10 mice; and the HCQ group which was consisted of 10.24-hour urinary protein level and anti dsDNA levels were tested.The expressions of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein were determined by western blot.Analysis of variance was used to determine statistically significant differences between the two groups.A P value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results Compared with the control group,the levels of 24-hour urinary protein [(2 356.6±509.3) mg vs (440.3±90.1)mg] and anti ds-DNA (128.7±32.3 vs 14.9±1.4) were significantly increased in the MRL/lpr group,the expression levels of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein were increased.After treated with HCQ,the levels of 24-hour urinary protein [(70.8±11.1) mg vs (2 356.6±509.3) mg] and anti-dsDNA (111.8±330.1 vs 128.7±32.3)were significantly decreased,the expression level of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 protein decreased significantly (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion HCQ can inhibit SOCS expression in the kidney of lupus mice,reduce proteinuria and delay progression of immune disorders and lupus nephritis.

Objective To explore the before taking finasteride on transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate(TUPKVP)patients about IPSS,QOL,Qmax,PVR and other indicators.Methods 180 cases with benign prostatic hyperplasia were randomly divided into observation group and control group,90 cases in each group.Observation group and control group were given conventional therapy and the observed patients took 5 mg of finasteride everyday one week before surgery,all patients were followed up for 1 month.The two groups of TUPKVP patients were compared about IPSS,QOL,Qmax and PVR,intraoperative blood loss,operation time,irrigation fluid volume indicators.Results 180 patients were given successfully TUPKVP surgery.IPSS,QOL,Qmax and PVR contrast were significantly improved after treatment(t=5.11,7.01,3.06,6.17,11.82,4.13,4.52,5.17,all P＜0.05).IPSS,Qmax,PVR of the observation group after treatment was significantly better than that of the control group(t=11.35,5.26,3.12,all P＜0.05),the QOL difference between the two groups after treatment was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).The cure rate of the observation group was 87.8％,which was significantly higher than 63.33％ in the control group(x2=14.56,P＜0.05).Intraoperative flushing fluid volume,intraoperative blood loss,duration of surgery in the observation group were significantly different compared with the control group,(t=21.15、43.12,5.33,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The preoperative taking finasteride can reduce TUPKVP blood loss and flushing fluid volume,shorten operation time and effectively improve the security of the operation.