The structure and function of the dialysate circuit of the hemodialysis machine are analyzed with the discussion on the relationship between dialysis quality,safety and compliations with the dialysate circuit,including dialysate temperature control,ultrafiltration control and dialysis hypotension,dialysate mixing and electrolytes homeostasis,disinfections of the machine and chronic inflammation of the patients,in order to improve the understanding on the related problems for both technicians and medical personnel,thus enhancing the prevention,monitoring and appropriate intervention of the potential failures,aiming to ensure the dialysis safety and optimal dialysis quality.

Drug-induced liver injury is commonly seen in ctinical practice and is usually caused by antipsychotic drags,antitubercnlar agents,paracetamol,and statins.Silybin,a substance with biological activity in silymarin extract,has antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-fibrosis effects.This article summarizes the research advances in silybin in the prevention and treatment of drug-induced liver injury.

Objective To explore the abnormal inflammatory cytokine profile of salpingitic infertility by means of cytometric bead assay(CBA). Methods To assay representative inflammatory cytokines of 40 patients of salpingitic infertility(PSI) and 40 healthy control by CBA, and compared 30 samples of serum with peritoneal fluid collected from identical subject. Results Experiment data displayed that in PSI the Th lymphocytes were decreased significantly (t =2. 1236,P <0. 05), Ts lymphocytes increased markedly, and the ratio of Th/Ts markedly decreased ( t = 2. 8392, P < 0. 01 ), compared with those of healthy control.(Pre-)inflammatory eytokines (IL-8, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) were all significantly higher than those of healthy controls ( t = 4. 9302,5. 5449,3. 4975,5. 6623, respectively, all P < 0. 01 ) ; while anti-inflammatory cytokines ( IL-10, IL-12 ), also increased markedly ( t = 5. 3428,5.9847, respectively, all P < 0. 01 ).Beside IL-10, all other cytokine concentrations presented in serum were higher than that of peritoneal fluid;IL-8(t =2.2113,P <0.05),IL-llS(t =2.9756,P <0.01), IL-6(t =2.3298,P <0.05), TNF-α (t =3. 2895, P < 0. 05 ), IL-12 ( t = 3. 3281, P < 0. 05 ), implying more sensitive of serum samples. Conclusion PSI displayed extensive disorders of the inflammatory cytokine network, CBA can be used to probe the disharmony condition at high through-out and high sensitivity.

According to Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials, Consolidated Standard of Reporting Trials 2010 Statement (CONSORT), CONSORT Extension for Non-Pharmacologic Treatment Interventions (CONSORT for NPT) and Good Clinical Practice, the detailed requirements for protocol writing, reporting, and practicing of clinical trial were classified and summarized in this article. By combining the practical situation of clinical trial of external treatment of TCM such as tuina, the requirernents for clinical trial protocol writing of external treatment of TCM were analyzed and acquired which could improve the quality of clinical trial protocol of external treatment of TCM, thus to provide references for standardized execution of TMC clinical trial and reports of research results.
Clinical Protocols ; standards ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Humans ; Massage ; standards ; Quality Control ; Reference Standards

BACKGROUND:Now it has cooperation and facilitative effete between myogenic regulatory factors through a long time study. So, gene therapy of double genes of Myod1 and Myog can obtain better effect, and can provide a new way for preventing denervated skeletal muscle atrophy.
OBJECTIVE:To construct eukaryotic co-expression vector carrying Myod1 and Myog genes.
METHODS:Ful-length Myod1 gene and Myog gene cDNA were amplified by reverse transcription PCR, and then inserted into pVAX1 vector after digested to establish the recombined Myod1 and Myog eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and then identified with gene sequencing. The in vitro cultured 3T3 cel s were transfected with pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, and the expressions of Myod1 and Myog genes in the 3T3 cel s were detected with western blot assay in order to identify whether the 3T3 cel s could express the target protein correctly.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sequencing results showed that the sequence length and base sequence of Myod1 and Myog cDNA in eukaryotic co-expression vector pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP were identical with the reported sequences. Myod1 and Myog protein band expressions were detected in 3T3 cel s by western blot after transient transfection. The pVAX1-Myod1-IRES2-Myog-IRES2-EGFP, a eukaryotic co-expression vector of Myod1 gene and Myog gene is successful y constructed.

Objective To explore the influence of intraventricular injection of 5, 7-drhydroxytryptamine (5, 7-DHT)in 5-HT1A receptor sensitivity of medial prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons in the rats,and to clarity the effect of 5-HT1A receptor on the eletronic response of pyramidal neurons.Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group (n=21)and 5,7-DHT lesion group (n=15).5,7-DHT was injected intraventricularly in the rats in 5,7-DHT lesion group,and the same dose saline was injected in the rats in sham operation group.The rats in two groups were intravenously injected with different doses(0.5-128.0μg·kg-1 )of 8-CH-DPAT.The firing rate of mPFC pyramidal neurons was recorded with extracellular electrophysioological examination.The rats in two groups were intravenously injected with WAY100635,the sensitivites of the rats to 8-OH-DPAT and WAY100635 in 5, 7-DHT lesion group were observed, and compared with sham operation group.Results The different doses (0.5-128.0μg·L-1 )of 8-OH-DDAT had an excitatory-inhibitory effect on the firing rate of mPFC pyamidal neurons in sham operation group;the neurons were excited when the doses of 8-OH-DPAT were 0.5-38.0μg·kg-1 ,and the firing rates were increased(P<0.05);the neurons were inhibited when the dose of 8-OH-DPAT was 128.0μg·kg-1 ,and the firing rate was decreased.The different doses(0.5-218.0μg·L-1 )of 8-OH-DPAT inhibited the elecctronic response of pyramidal neurons of the rats in 5,7-DHT lesion group in a dose-dependent manner (df=5,F=3.44,P=0.003),and the firing rates were reduced. WAY-100635 (50μg·kg-1 )reversed completely the inhibition of 8-OH-DPAT.Conclusion The sensitivity of 5-HT1A receptor of rat mPFC pyramidal neurons can be decreased by intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Foot Diseases ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain Management ; Spinal Stenosis ; complications

Objective To evaluate microdeletion of DAZ gene on the Y chromosome in patients suffering from idiopathic azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia.Methods The four sites including SY154,SY155,SY254,SY255 and SRY regions of Y chromosome in 38 cases of idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia were detected by STS-PCR.Results Six cases of microdeletion of DAZ genes were found in 38 patiens,microdeletion rate was 15.8%.Five cases from 30 patiens suffering from idiopathic azoospermia,microdeletion rate was 16.7%.One case from 8 patients suffering from severe oligozoospermia had microdeletion.The microdeletion rate was 12.5%.Conclusions The microdeletion of DAZ gene is a major cause of idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia leading to male infertility.Therefore,DAZ gene should be detected and PGD should be done prior to ICSI for the patients suffering from idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.

Objective:To explore the effects of aloe vera extra (AVE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response of human periodontal ligament cells(hPDLCs).Methods:hPDLCs were induced with LPS at 1 μg/ml for the simulation of periodontitis model(model group) and then treated by AVE at 0.05,0.1,0.2 mg/ml respectively(AVE group).Cell viability was examined by MTT assay.The level of interleukin-6(IL-6) from cell culture medium was measured by ELISA.The expression of Toll like receptor 4(TLR4) protein was detected by immunocytochemistry staining and the transfer of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 (NF-κB-p65) was observed by immunofluorescence staining.Results:There was no significant difference of the cell viabilities among the groups.IL-6 in culture medium,the expression of TLR4 protein and the transfer of NF-κB-p65 into the nucleus were increased in model group.AVE at 0.05-0.2 mg/ml inhibited the secretion of IL-6 in the cell culture supernatant down-regulated the TLR4 expression,attenuated the transfer of NF-κB-p65 into the nucleus in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion:Aloe vera extract can inhibit the inflammation response of hPDLCs induced by LPS through TLR4/ NF-κB-p65 signaling pathway.

Store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCs) are plasma membrane Ca(2+) permeable channels activated by depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) store. Ca(2+) entry through SOCs is known as store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE), which plays an important role in the functional regulation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Protein kinase C (PKC) has been shown to have an activating or inhibiting effect on SOCE, depending on cell types and PKC isoforms that are involved. In ASMCs, the effect of PKC on SOCE has not been elucidated so far. In this study, the role of PKC in the activation of SOCE in rat ASMCs was examined by using Ca(2+) fluorescence imaging technique. The results showed that acute application of PKC activators PMA and PDBu did not affect SOCE induced by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor thapsigargin. The non-selective PKC inhibitor chelerythrine significantly inhibited thapsigargin- and bradykinin-induced SOCE. RT-PCR assay identified PKCα, δ and ɛ isoforms in rat ASMCs. PKCα-selective inhibitor Gö6976 and PKCɛ-inhibiting peptide Epsilon-V1-2 had no effect on SOCE; by contrast, PKCδ-selective inhibitor rottlerin attenuated SOCE dramatically, suggesting that PKCδ was the major PKC isoform involved in the activation of SOCE in ASMCs. Moreover, PKC down-regulation by extended exposure to high doses of PMA or PDBu also reduced SOCE, confirming the essential role of PKC in the activation of SOCE in ASMCs. In addition, PKC down-regulation did not influence the expression of stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orai1, two elementary molecules in the regulation and activation of SOCs. These results identified PKCδ as an essential PKC isoform involved in the activation of SOCE, and confirmed that PKC regulates the function of ASMCs in a SOCE-dependent manner.