Galectin-3, encoded by LGALS3 (14q21-22) and secreted by normal cells and tumor cells, is a member of Galectin family and can be detected both in serum and plasma. Galectin-3 is considered to be an important indicator of the assessment of the patients with malignant tumor and heart failure. The high expression of Galectin-3 may be correlated with poor response to chemotherapy, high recurrence rate, low survival rate and short survival period, which can be a prognostic marker in some solid tumors, including thyroid cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer. Foreign studies have found that the high expression of Galectin-3 in many kinds of malignant tumors is closely related to the prognosis of the disease. In this paper, the correlation between Galectin-3 and blood tumors is reviewed to study the expression of Galectin-3 in the blood tumors and its relationship with the occurrence, development and prognosis of the tumor, and to explore the theoretical basis for the targeted therapy of Galectin-3.

Protein tyrosine kinase 6(PTK6)is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase,which plays a key role in the genesis and progression of various tumors and shows a dual role.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the expression of post-transcriptional genes.In recent years,more and more studies have shown that the regulation of PTK6 by miRNA plays an important role in tumor.This paper illustrates the effect of miRNA on PTK6 expression in various cancers so as to provide theoretical basis for cancer treatment.

Normal cell cycle includes cell division,differentiation,apoptosis or pyroptosis,which are regulated by many regulatory proteins. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification in specific genes or the whole genome,as well as non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),play an important role in the cell cycle. The changes of these mechanisms lead to cell cycle imbalance,cell growth disorder,epigenetic modification abnormality,and the possibility of normal cells developing into tumor cells,which is one of the important causes for human tumor occurrence. In this paper,the epigenetic regulation in cell cycle,abnormal epigenetic mechanism and cell cycle regulation in tumors,and the therapeutic targets of epigenetic regulation related to tumor cell cycle have been reviewed,so as to provide new ideas for further exploring the correlation between epigenetic mechanism and cell cycle regulation,as well as the mechanism of tumorigenesis.

Tumor microenvironment(TME) is the product of the interaction of different cell types, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, it is an essential intrinsic part in the regulation of the occurrence,development, invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Competing endogenous RNAs(ceRNAs), as an emerging component of tumor-host interaction, can participate in the infiltration and differentiation of immune cells by regulating the interactions between different types of RNAs. However, the regulatory mechanism between ceRNA network and TME in HCC is complex and uncertain. In this review, we focus on how the ceRNA network in TME promotes HCC,including tumor invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune regulation and fibrosis, so as to clarify the specific role of ceRNA in the development of HCC.

AIM: To observe the anti-apoptosis effect of liraglutide on the islet through microRNA-375 (miR-375) for providing additional pharmacodynamic evidence for its clinical application.METHODS: For in vivo study, C57BL/KsJ-db/m mice aged 8 weeks served as normal control group.A total of 40 male genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice at the same age were randomly divided into diabetic control group (the db/db mice were injected subcutaneous-ly with equivalent amount of saline) and liraglutide group (the db/db mice were injected subcutaneously with liraglutide at dose of 300 μg? kg-1? d-1 ).After 8 weeks of administration, body weight (BW) was measured and blood was collected for detection of fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting blood insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Before sacrifice, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were conducted.The histopathological features in the islet tissue were examined with HE staining.The apoptosis in the islet tissue was detected by TUNEL staining.The protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by Western blot.The level of miR-375 in the islet tissue was detected by qPCR.For in vitro study, the MIN-6 cells were cultured and divided into control group (incubated with equivalent amount of solvent), miR-375 mimic group and miR-375 mimic +liraglutide group.The cell viability was examined by MTT assay.The protein levels of caspase-3, Bcl-2
and Bax were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: In the in vivo study, compared with control group, the levels of BW, FBG, FINS, TC, TG and LDL-C were decreased significantly in liraglutide group.The islet apoptosis was reduced by the administration of liraglutide.The expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated significantly, while the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were down-regulated significantly in liraglutide group.The level of miR-375 was decreased significantly.In the in vitro study, the cell viability was decreased in miR-375 mimic group and increased in miR-375 mimic +liraglutide group. Moreover, the expression of Bcl-2 was decreased and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were increased with the incu-bation of miR-375 mimic, while the expression of Bcl-2 was increased and the protein levels of caspase-3 and Bax were de-creased with the co-incubation of miR-375 mimic and liraglutide.CONCLUSION: Liraglutide attenuates islet apotosis, and the mechanism may be associated with its effects of reducing the elevated level of miR-375 in islet tissues.

AIM: To observe the therapeutical effects of resveratrol on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and its potential mechanism.METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with high-fat and high-cholesterol diet to established non alcoholic fatty liver disease model, and were administrated with resveratrol at doses of 80 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg.After 4-week treatment, the blood sample was collected for determination of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG).The liver tissues were harvested for measuring the liver lipid content.The histopathological examination were conducted with hematoxylin and eosin staining.The ceramide levels in the liver tissues were detected by HPLC-MS.The microRNA (mi-RNA)-122 levels in the liver tissues were detected by real-time PCR.The protein levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) were determined by Western blot.The HepG2 cells were cultured and divided into 5 groups: control group, model group (induced by 0.25 mmol/L oleic acid), model+resveratrol group (treated with 5 μmol/L resveratrol), miRNA-122 siRNA group and resveratrol+miRNA-122 siRNA group.Except control group, the cells in other groups were stimulated with oleic acid and incubated with respective drugs simultaneously for 24 h.The levels of TC, TG and ceramide in the cells of each group were measured.The protein levels of SPT in each group were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease mice, resveratrol dose-dependently reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the lipid deposition, the ceramide level and the SPT protein level, and increased the level of miRNA-122 in the liver tissues.In the in vitro study, compared with model group, resveratrol reduced the serum TC and TG levels, decreased the ceramide level, reduced the SPT protein level.Compared with control group, the levels of TC, TG and ceramide, and the protein expression of SPT were increased in miRNA-122 siRNA group.Compared with miRNA-122 siRNA group, no statistical difference of TC, TG, ceramide and protein expression of SPT in resveratrol combined miRNA-122 siRNA group was observed.CONCLUSION: Resveratrol significantly reduces lipid accumulation by reduction of miRNA-122 and ceramide levels, and decrease in SPT protein levels in the liver.

Objective:To control the maintenance cost of medical equipment and improve the efficiency and service level for maintenance, and to research the management about classification maintenance for medical equipment based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP).Methods: 69 clinical department and 14 engineers were involved in the questionnaire survey and the evaluated factors were obtained from their questionnaires. The (AHP) was used to determine what is the factor weight of maintenance for the medical equipment, and then calculate the maintenance scores of the equipment. Finally, the weight scores were applied to ABC classification method and the equipments will be divided into three types (A\B\C) as this method, and they will be managed by different mode.Results: Depended on the sixth order analysis data from 6 factors of evaluation (price, frequency, stability, running time, standby factor and difficulty of maintenance) that were compared between any two factors by using AHP, through comprehensive scores ratio to got A\B\C classification and work out relative implement countermeasure of maintenance. The new classification management mode has achieved planning and preventive maintenance for key equipment, regular maintenance for major equipment, and maintenance after event for general equipment. After the method was applied, the fault rate of second half of 2016 year was decrease 30% compared with same time of 2015 year. The total cost of maintenance of 2016 year decreased 10% compared with that of 2015 year. And the satisfaction of clinical department for department of equipment was enhanced.Conclusion: The AHP is applied to classified manage medical equipment and maintain them as weight of factor. This method has resolved many problems on maintenance of equipment, such as confused primary and secondary, and formalism and so on. According to the factor weight of maintenance to manage medical equipment at classification mode, hospital can catch key point of maintenance of equipment, and the maintenance cost can be efficiently controlled, and the work efficiency and clinical service level of equipment department can be improved and enhanced.

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of preoperative ultrasound examination combined with cytokeratin 19 (CK19) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) detection for axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients. Methods The data collected from 68 patients undergoing modified radical mastectomy in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2018 to August 2019 were analyzed respectively. Taking the pathological diagnosis as the gold standard, the patients were divided into axillary lymph node metastasis group (n=38) and non-metastasis group (n=30). The relationship between the results of breast ultrasound, CK19 and CEA examination and axillary lymph node metastasis in the patients with breast cancer and the value of combined detection of the three items in the diagnosis of axillary lymph node metastasis were analyzed. Results Ultrasound examination results of the breast showed that the lymph nodes had ≥7 mm long diameter, blurred border uneven internal echo, and abundant blood flow signal in the lymph nodes, and the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse diameter was <2 in the metastasis group, and the detection rates of these indexes in the axillary lymph node metastasis group were higher than those in the non-metastatic group (P<0.05). The expression levels and positivity rates of CK19 and CEA in the axillary lymph node metastasis group were higher than those in the non-metastatic group (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve for the combined detection of CK19 and CEA (AUC=0.919) was significantly larger than that of CK19 (AUC=0.859) or CEA (AUC=0.849) alone, and the logistic regression equation was established: Logit(P)=-6.032+0.203×CK19+0.261×CEA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy of CK19 for axillary lymph node metastasis were 89.5%, 40.0%, 65.4%, 75.0%, 67.6%, those of CEA were 92.1%, 56.7%, 72.9%, 85.0%, 76.5%, those of ultrasonography were 86.8%, 90.0%, 91.7%, 84.4%, 88.2%, and those of combined detection of the three were 97.4%, 40.0%, 67.3%, 92.3%, 72.1%. Conclusion On the basis of ultrasound investigation, taking CK19 and CEA as the joint detection index has a higher application value in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.

Olfaction is one of the ancient sensing capabilities and plays an important role in monitoring environment. Although olfactory loss is common, it's obviously underappretiated by medical community generally. In order to help patients with those problems, the author gives an brief review about the characters of common etiologies, treatment and prognosis of Olfactory Dysfunction. It's concluded that most usual causes resulting in dysos- mia are upper-respiratory-tract infections, trauma, and chronic rhinosinusitis; and our understanding of the olfaction mechanism grows, but frustratingly, aside from the possible therapeutic potential of systemic steroids, no method has been proved to have solid evidence for curing olfactory loss; so we need more new basic and clinic research to develop effective therapeutic intervention.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Olfaction Disorders ; etiology ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Sinusitis ; Smell

The circular double-stranded cpDNA sequence consists of two inverted repeat (IR) regions, a large single-copy region (LSC) and a small single-copy region (SSC). The function of some genes within the genome is clear. However, it is unknown for such chloroplast genes as hypothetical chloroplast reading frames (ycfs) and so on. As one of ycf s, ycf15 gene is located within IR regions with length of 250-550 bp, conserved among plants and also, its function is often unclear. The gene has attracted an intense attention during the past decade. This review presents an overview of ycf15 gene including its basic type, structural features, and the application to phylogenetic analyses. As a potential DNA marker for species identification, future implications of the gene are also introduced.